Congratulations!! This is great achievement and wish you all the best. Vitalis From: kictanet-bounces+volunga=safaricom.co.ke@lists.kictanet.or.ke [mailto:kictanet-bounces+volunga=safaricom.co.ke@lists.kictanet.or.ke] On Behalf Of Brian Munyao Longwe Sent: Thursday, April 23, 2009 9:39 AM To: Vitalis Olunga Cc: KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions Subject: Re: [kictanet] Nyama Choma na pombe Well done Rigia! You have done us proud. Hope you plan on bringing your big brain home to help us develop this nation/region... regards, Brian On Thu, Apr 23, 2009 at 7:21 AM, warigia bowman <warigia@gmail.com> wrote: Hi ICT activists! Just want to let you know that yesterday I had a successful dissertation defense, and I became Daktari Warigia, earning my doctorate of philosophy in public policy from Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. My heartfelt thanks to KICTANet and KIF, in particular, for helping me get this far. I am grateful. Shukrani. Here is the footnote I included in the dissertation to thankall of you. Please let me know if you name is not in here,and you want it in or if you see misspellings or if you want to see the current Kenya chapter. Please email me OFFLINE, (so as not to spam the list) at warigia@gmail.com. The dissertation will be submitted for binding by May 15th, so email me quickly. Next step, publication . . . Would like to treat all of you who helped me to nyama choma and beer. So lets arrange. I will be in Kenya from June through August! Hugs and Thanks! Rigia The material in this section is based on sixty-five qualitative semi-structured interviews conducted from 2004-2006 in Kenya. Additional interviews were conducted in Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda. I also conducted participant observation, and sat in on dozens of meetings of the organizations KIF and KICTAnet as well as several national and transnational conferences on ICT. I conducted interviews in Kenya with former members of parliament, high ranking government officials, academics, private sector participants, and civil society advocates. I take responsibility for all content and interpretations. No individual named below can be held responsible for any insights or conclusions made in this article. All errors are my own. Several interviewees requested anonymity. Nonetheless, the sample below of those who allowed their names to be used gives a sense of the scope and depth of the interviews conducted. Several individuals deserve special thanks, including Juma Okech, the Secretary of E-Government, Bitange Ndemo, the Permanent Secretary for Information and Communications, Marcel Werner, the Secretary of the Kenya Information and Communications Technology Federation, Alice Munyua, the Kenyan representative of APC, and CCK Board Member, Amos Opiyo of the Ministry of Planning, Dr. Eric Aligula of the Kenya Institute of Public Policy Research and Analysis, Henry Belsoi of Telkom Kenya, Jonathan Campaigne, Director of Pride Africa, Kevit Desai, the President of Kenya IEEE, Mike Eldon, CEO of Symphony Software, James Gachui, Founder of Wananchi Online, Dr. Kathryn Getau, Computer Science Faculty of the University of Nairobi, Dr. Tim Waema, Computer Science faculty of the University of Nairobi, Wallace Gichoho of Call Center Africa, Mirjana Ilic of UNESCO, Michael Katundu, Communications Commission of Kenya, Joseph Kiplagat, Computer Science Faculty, Moi University, Brian Longwe of AFRISPA, Charles Nduati of Kenyatta University, Dr. Florence Etta, formerly of IDRC, Edith Adera of IDRC, as well as various staff members, directors and participants from the Computer Society of Kenya, KICTAnet, the Directorate of E-Government, the National Communications Secretariat, Kenya Pipeline Company, and many other organizations. -- Warigia Bowman Assistant Professor The Department of Public Policy Leadership The University of Mississippi 107 Odom Hall University, MS 38677 URL: http://www.olemiss.edu/depts/leadership/index.html PHONE: 662-915-1904 EMAIL: mwbowman@olemiss.edu _______________________________________________ kictanet mailing list kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet This message was sent to: blongwe@gmail.com Unsubscribe or change your options at http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/blongwe%40gmail.com -- Brian Munyao Longwe e-mail: blongwe@gmail.com cell: + 254 714 222 863 blog : http://zinjlog.blogspot.com meta-blog: http://mashilingi.blogspot.com ##################################################################################### NOTE: The information in this email and any attachments is confidential and may be legally privileged. It is intended only for the use of the named addressee. Emails are susceptible to alteration and their integrity cannot be guaranteed. Safaricom Limited does not accept legal responsibility for the contents of this email if the same is found to have been altered or manipulated. The contents and opinions expressed in this email are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of Safaricom Limited. Safaricom Limited disclaims any liability to the fullest extent permissible by law for any consequences that may arise from the contents of this email including but not limited to personal opinions, malicious and/or defamatory information and data/codes that may compromise or damage the integrity of the recipient�s information technology systems. If you are not the intended recipient please notify the sender and immediately delete this email from your system.Unless expressly stated by a duly authorised officer of Safaricom Limited nothing contained in this email message shall be construed as being an offer to contract or an acceptance of an offer capable of constituting a contract between Safaricom Limited and any recipient(s) of this email. #####################################################################################

Morning Listers, As previously notified, today we kick off the Internet Governance discussions. The Internet is no longer restricted to being a technical issue but has grown into a global, socio-economic resource affecting all types of stakeholders. The rules, proceduers and practices governing the use and evolution of this (internet) resource should therefore be the concern of everyone. At the moment, the governance of the internet is heavily skewed in favor of developed countries in the north and the World Summit on Information Society (WSIS 2005) attempted to discuss how this could be rectified. Through the UN, WSIS suggested the formation of the Internet Governance Forum (IGF, http://www.intgovforum.org/cms/) to continue the deliberations on how governments, civil society, media, academia, telcos and other stakeholders could have a say and influence the evolution of the internet. IGF has since held 3 global summits to deliberate on the management and governance of Internet Security, Internet Critical Infrastructure, Internet Access, Internet Crime among other issues. Last year in Kenya, Internet Governance issues were discussed at a national level followed by the hosting of the regional E.A. Internet Governance Forum in November 2008. Key Achievement realised included: - Raising Awareness of Internet Governance (IG) Issues - Exploring Alternate views and solutions on contentious issues - Hosting the EA IGF meeting - Establishing locally relevant IG issues Notable challenges included: -Failure to launch the IG Course which was to be offered jointly by Strathmore University and Multimedia University College(formerly KCCT) -Failure to have a "Government" position on contentious issues at the IGF, Hyderabad 2008 Meeting Members are welcome for 1day to comment/correct/enhance my opening remarks...tomorrow we move onto the 2nd theme where we shall explore how the long awaited undersea submarine cable would impact our socio-economic realities. walu. +++rest of the 2week discussion program+++++++ 1. General Background (1day-Walu) *IG Defn and Rational *National IG Forum :- 2008 Status Report 2. Infrastructure Issues (4Days- Walu) Undersea Fiber Cable and its impact on: (2d) *Access, Affordability, Content and Quality Management of Critical Internet Resources (2d) *IPv6 & Country code Top Level Domain (ccTLD) Management *National IXPs/NFOB 3. Cyber-Security and Trust (4Days-Mwende) e-Crimes against (2d) *Consumers/Users (Privacy Issues) *Data and Infrastructure (Data Security) Developing a national cyber-security strategies (2d) *What are the Legal Provisions (KCA Act 2008?) *Developing National Cyber-Security Strategies(CSIRT)/(CERT) 4. Socio-economic Issues (2Days - Walu) *ePayments (MPESA, ZAP, Digital Certificates)-(1d) *Regulating a Converged Environment-(1d) 5. Closure and Way Forward (1Day-Mwende) *Examine the desirability and continuation of the IG Forum ++++ends+++

Welcome to day 2. Hopefully it would be more interactive than yesterday...I want to believe that the paralysis in our politics has not infected and paralysed us. And just like during the cold war, scientists and technocrats accross the divide continued to exchange internet packets inspite of... Nway without too much digression, today we want to interrogate several assumptions about the long awaited submarine cable(s) that are poised to hit our coastal city of Mombasa. SEACOM, TEAMs, EASsy are all expected to be operational starting July 09 (SEACOM), TEAMS (Sep 09) and EASsy (2010?) Here's my take/opinion on their impact based on a scale of Low(1), Moderate(2) and High(3) i) Access:- Score=1, Low Impact on Access The undersea cable is a top-tier infrastructure that has no impact at the (User) Access level. User access level is a function of the maturity of the domestic(local) infrastructure. Unless this is developed proportionately, we shall have an an awkward situation similar to a country with top-notch Universities (Submarine cable) but no Primary and Secondary Schools to provide the students (no Access)... ii) Affordability: Score= 2,Moderate Impact on Internet Service Costs. Yes, the prices are likely to go down from the current retail levels of about 2500USD per 1MB to btwn 500-1000USD per 1MB of bandwidth. But I have serious doubts if this prices will be sustained at these low levels because the investors in these cables are not in it for fun - they have calculated ROI targets that anticipate a huge uptake of the bandwidth. In the likely event that this uptake failes to happen, I see prices beginning to go up by the end of the 1st year of the cable operation. The investors in the cable will then begin to milk the few subscribers who may have jumped onto the highway in order to pay for the cost of the capital sunk into the cables. Yes, maybe I just cant get over the nasty SAT3 experience where the submarine fiber cable landed in the West African region with little impact on pricing. iii) Content: Score=1, Low Impact on Content. Incidentally, digital content should be independent of infrastructure. I mean, we do not need the submarine cable for our Lecturers at the universities to have their notes in digital form. We do not need the submarine cable to digitize government records. Content is intricately related to eventual cost of Internet Service and ideally should be fully developed before the submarine cable. iv) Quality. Score=2, Moderate Impact on Internet Quality. "Broadband Quality of Internet" is what every service provider is screaming about. But Broadband standard in .KE is way off the mark when compared to India or Europe. I will remain sceptical until proven otherwise but I forsee the undersea cable having moderate impact on quality because of our poorly managed domestic User and Telco networks. Most Telco networks that will act as gateways to the submarine cable are full of Viruses, Spam, Proxies, and ill-configured Servers, Routers and Switches that introduce congestion and bottlenecks rather facilate broadband access to the Submarine cable. We have today to hear your views on this...and the floor is open. walu.

Dear Listers, Good morning. I am happy to hear that it is raining in Kenya! Mine are observations that I have gathered from one or two fora that I think may be of interest. Access - If this is looked at purely from an individual perspective then it will be seen as low (Score 1) and clearly not realize the benefits of having an undersea cable at all. There are already signs of high demand for increased bandwidth if complaints from consumers today are anything to go by. This must then feed the notion that with the undersea cable will find ready users albeit of the corporate and SOHO ( Small office home office) variety. This then in the appropriately competitively structured market will trickle down to Apartment buildings and soon into Suburbs. Further more with clever government subsidies targeting structured learning institutions ( schools, universities, libraries) habit will be built and carried over and soon demand hopefully will match supply. I think with the proliferation of lower cost high end Mobile Phones into Africa and the readily available Chinese wannabe models, Access will be readily facilitated . This may not speak much for computer literacy but that may be the price that we have to pay. Affordability : This will be relative in my opinion. It will be two fold.

From the perspective of the provider and from that of the user. I am certain the providers have their numbers worked out and it will now just be a matter of waiting for the uptake from the consumers end. And the end of it all is unless one is running a BPO or a Media House it will be rather interesting to see how business will respond to better priced internet bandwidth when their main stay is emails? Even in the developed world the internet is being curtailed during working hours as a result of the distraction that work causes to staff who are busy on face book and chat. In some extreme cases because of availability of internet on mobilephones some employers are banking phones till tea break and lunch time, as all communication can go on on email and landlines....So will majority of the existing business ' jump on the bandwagon' when the seacables land? the jury is still out on this one......

Content , here I disagree with the score given (1) this is because the minute connectivity becomes available & affordable then a lot of sharing will begin and we will be pleasantly suprised as to the gems that may be unlocked. Of course Content will in itself need to be shepherded and managed, but I beleive I saw a post that alluded to an oncoming content discussion so will hold my horses. I suspect that 'a monkey see monkey do' approach will come into play as has been the case in the west where content is concerned, once people see what it is all about and what covers the wide scope of content we may as well lead Africa. After All Kenya is a reference point for many in East, Central and parts of Southern Africa and with the enterpreneuring spirit we are known for it will only be a matter of time. I think the score should be a 2. Ms Basly On Tue, Apr 28, 2009 at 9:14 AM, Sam Gatere <sam.gatere@gmail.com> wrote:

Walu

Interesting ice breaker on the packet exchange -Internet- to keep the intellectual community going!

my Initial reactions on Access low impact seems to be a fairly accurate since the glorified undersea cables are actually top tear and not landing in my house or office! I think this needs to be demystified to the end user. In my view possible ways of getting access and broadband access to the end user would possibly be facilitated by triple play providers such as Zuku who are not only offering Internet and the only product but other infotainment products.

On affordability specifically to the Kenyan scenario I think the PPP (Public Private Partnership) model would ensure some form of Public Good service that safeguards the end user. and cushions them from being exploited by infrastructure investors. I would like to site the SEACOM venture that has the government and other players such as Safaricom who are private investors. As you know Safaricom already offers "broadband" Internet services. If they benefit from high speed Internet through this SEACOM partnership the end user in this case may actually enjoy faster, more reliable Internet access.

When we talk about content and local content for that matter... I think this one is just a sorry or sad state of affairs. I agree content should be independent of infrastructure. As for our Local Universities developing digital content we need a whole e-education on the benefits of digitising knowledge and finding new ways of learning and delivering the same....

It will be Interesting to hear what others have to say.

Sam.

On Tue, Apr 28, 2009 at 8:20 AM, John Walubengo <jwalu@yahoo.com> wrote:

...

Welcome to day 2. Hopefully it would be more interactive than yesterday...I want to believe that the paralysis in our politics has not infected and paralysed us. And just like during the cold war, scientists and technocrats accross the divide continued to exchange internet packets inspite of...

Nway without too much digression, today we want to interrogate several assumptions about the long awaited submarine cable(s) that are poised to hit our coastal city of Mombasa. SEACOM, TEAMs, EASsy are all expected to be operational starting July 09 (SEACOM), TEAMS (Sep 09) and EASsy (2010?)

Here's my take/opinion on their impact based on a scale of Low(1), Moderate(2) and High(3)

i) Access:- Score=1, Low Impact on Access The undersea cable is a top-tier infrastructure that has no impact at the (User) Access level. User access level is a function of the maturity of the domestic(local) infrastructure. Unless this is developed proportionately, we shall have an an awkward situation similar to a country with top-notch Universities (Submarine cable) but no Primary and Secondary Schools to provide the students (no Access)...

ii) Affordability: Score= 2,Moderate Impact on Internet Service Costs. Yes, the prices are likely to go down from the current retail levels of about 2500USD per 1MB to btwn 500-1000USD per 1MB of bandwidth. But I have serious doubts if this prices will be sustained at these low levels because the investors in these cables are not in it for fun - they have calculated ROI targets that anticipate a huge uptake of the bandwidth. In the likely event that this uptake failes to happen, I see prices beginning to go up by the end of the 1st year of the cable operation. The investors in the cable will then begin to milk the few subscribers who may have jumped onto the highway in order to pay for the cost of the capital sunk into the cables. Yes, maybe I just cant get over the nasty SAT3 experience where the submarine fiber cable landed in the West African region with little impact on pricing.

iii) Content: Score=1, Low Impact on Content. Incidentally, digital content should be independent of infrastructure. I mean, we do not need the submarine cable for our Lecturers at the universities to have their notes in digital form. We do not need the submarine cable to digitize government records. Content is intricately related to eventual cost of Internet Service and ideally should be fully developed before the submarine cable.

iv) Quality. Score=2, Moderate Impact on Internet Quality. "Broadband Quality of Internet" is what every service provider is screaming about. But Broadband standard in .KE is way off the mark when compared to India or Europe. I will remain sceptical until proven otherwise but I forsee the undersea cable having moderate impact on quality because of our poorly managed domestic User and Telco networks. Most Telco networks that will act as gateways to the submarine cable are full of Viruses, Spam, Proxies, and ill-configured Servers, Routers and Switches that introduce congestion and bottlenecks rather facilate broadband access to the Submarine cable.

We have today to hear your views on this...and the floor is open.

walu.

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This message was sent to: sam.gatere@gmail.com Unsubscribe or change your options at http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/sam.gatere%40gmail.com

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Walu,

I wish to argue that development content is generated by institutions daily as part of their core business e.g. research institutions, Universities, NGOs etc etc - the challenge remains getting these institutions to make this local content electronically available maybe through what we could call "The Kenya Digital Library" or a fancier name (are there any takers to develop this as a public domain portal?). If legislated, institutions could be mandated to make this content digitally available automatically. 

Mauritius has such a public portal called "Servihoo Portal" now www.orange.mu which is a national portal for the Republic of Mauritius - it's a Telecom Plus initiative and provides personal email hosting, interactive chat, electronic greeting cards, e-commerce sales, forums, polls and guest book etc

Institutions that have adopted open content policies the world over have now made it mandatory (as part of their business process) to make development content automatically available through digital libraries (institutionalising such a process of content provision solves half of the problems of creating content). This is working very well in an institution I know.

Granted, customised formats and language may be required, but I believe this could be done through the process above or via intermediaries.

The point is that we can make this process much easier with a bit of institutional cultural changes and adopting open content standards currently sweeping across the world.

Edith 

-----Original Message-----
From: kictanet-bounces+eadera=idrc.or.ke@lists.kictanet.or.ke [mailto:kictanet-bounces+eadera=idrc.or.ke@lists.kictanet.or.ke] On Behalf Of John Walubengo
Sent: 29 April 2009 08:20
To: Edith Adera
Cc: KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions
Subject: Re: [kictanet] IG Discussions- Day 3 of 10: Infrastructure Issues-Submarine Cables


Morning all,

Actually, we had two days to discuss the impact on the undersea cables on Access, Affordability, Content and Quality.  So lets hear more views...

I know Yawe has written and published widely about this but no harm summarising.  Also, with regard to Quality, I wish to retain my earlier submission that there are issues with the internal networks run by our telcos. Numerous technical evidence exists on the skunkwork list - the local techies lists - and they may wish to share in not so technical terms...As for Affordability, the jury is still out there and we shall indeed know who is fooling who over the next 12mths.

Lets hear more views on this today and prepare to move onto a new theme tomorrow on the Management of Critical Internet Resources (IPv6, top level domain, National IXPs - dont be scared by the technical jargon, will break it down for you)

walu.
 


--- On Tue, 4/28/09, Faima Basly <fbasly1@gmail.com> wrote:

> From: Faima Basly <fbasly1@gmail.com>
> Subject: Re: [kictanet] IG Discussions- Day 2 of 10: Infrastructure Issues-Submarine Cables
> To: jwalu@yahoo.com
> Cc: "KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions" <kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke>
> Date: Tuesday, April 28, 2009, 12:21 PM
> Dear Listers,
> 
> Good morning. I am happy to hear that it is raining in
> Kenya!
> 
> Mine are observations that I have gathered from one or two
> fora that I think
> may be of interest.
> 
> Access - If this is looked at purely from an individual
> perspective then it
> will be seen as low (Score 1) and clearly not realize the
> benefits of having
> an undersea cable at all. There are already signs of high
> demand for
> increased bandwidth if complaints from consumers today are
> anything to go
> by. This must then feed the notion that with the undersea
> cable will find
> ready users albeit of the corporate and SOHO ( Small office
> home office)
> variety. This then in the appropriately competitively
> structured market will
> trickle down to Apartment buildings and soon into Suburbs.
> 
> Further more with clever government subsidies targeting
> structured learning
> institutions ( schools, universities, libraries) habit will
> be built and
> carried over and soon demand hopefully will match supply.
> 
> I think with the proliferation of lower cost high end
> Mobile Phones into
> Africa and the readily available Chinese wannabe models,
> Access will be
> readily facilitated . This may not speak much for computer
> literacy but that
> may be the price that we have to pay.
> 
> Affordability : This will be relative in my opinion. It
> will be two fold.
> >From the perspective of the provider and from that of
> the user.  I am
> certain the providers have their numbers worked out and it
> will now just be
> a matter of waiting for the uptake from the consumers end. 
> And the end of
> it all is unless one is running a BPO or a Media House it
> will be rather
> interesting to see how business will respond to better
> priced internet
> bandwidth when their main stay is emails? Even in the
> developed world the
> internet is being curtailed during working hours as a
> result of the
> distraction that work causes to staff who are busy on face
> book and chat. In
> some extreme cases because of availability of internet on
> mobilephones some
> employers are banking phones till tea break and lunch time,
> as all
> communication can go on on email and landlines....So will
> majority of the
> existing business ' jump on the bandwagon' when the
> seacables land? the jury
> is still out on this one......
> 
> Content , here I disagree with the score given (1) this is
> because the
> minute connectivity becomes available  & affordable
> then a lot of sharing
> will begin and we will be pleasantly suprised as to the
> gems that may be
> unlocked. Of course Content will in itself need to be
> shepherded and
> managed, but I beleive I saw a post that alluded to an
> oncoming content
> discussion so will hold my horses. I suspect that 'a
> monkey see monkey do'
> approach will come into play as has been the case in the
> west where content
> is concerned, once people see what it is all about and what
> covers the wide
> scope of content we may as well lead Africa. After All
> Kenya is a reference
> point for many in East, Central and parts of Southern
> Africa and with the
> enterpreneuring spirit we are known for it will only be a
> matter of time. I
> think the score should be a 2.
> 
> 
> 
> Ms Basly
> 
> 
> 
> 
> On Tue, Apr 28, 2009 at 9:14 AM, Sam Gatere
> <sam.gatere@gmail.com> wrote:
> 
> > Walu
> >
> > Interesting ice breaker on the packet exchange
> -Internet- to keep the
> > intellectual   community going!
> >
> > my Initial reactions on Access low impact seems to be
> a fairly accurate
> > since the glorified undersea cables are actually top
> tear and not landing in
> > my house or office! I think this needs to be
> demystified to the end user. In
> > my view possible ways of getting access and broadband
> access to the end user
> > would possibly be facilitated by triple play providers
> such as Zuku who are
> > not only offering Internet and the only product  but
> other infotainment
> > products.
> >
> > On affordability specifically to the Kenyan scenario I
> think the PPP
> > (Public Private Partnership) model would ensure some
> form of Public Good
> > service that safeguards the end user. and cushions
> them from being exploited
> > by infrastructure investors. I would like to site the
> SEACOM venture that
> > has the government and other players such as Safaricom
> who are private
> > investors. As you know Safaricom already offers
> "broadband" Internet
> > services. If they benefit from high speed Internet
> through this SEACOM
> > partnership the end user in this case may actually
> enjoy faster, more
> > reliable Internet access.
> >
> > When we talk about content and local content for that 
> matter...  I think
> > this one is just a sorry or sad state of affairs. I
> agree content should be
> > independent of infrastructure. As for our Local
> Universities developing
> > digital content we need a whole e-education on the
> benefits of digitising
> > knowledge and finding new ways of learning and
> delivering the same....
> >
> > It will be Interesting to hear what others have to
> say.
> >
> >
> >
> > Sam.
> >
> > On Tue, Apr 28, 2009 at 8:20 AM, John Walubengo
> <jwalu@yahoo.com> wrote:
> >
> >>
> >> Welcome to day 2. Hopefully it would be more
> interactive than
> >> yesterday...I want to believe that the paralysis
> in our politics has not
> >> infected and paralysed us. And just like during
> the cold war, scientists and
> >> technocrats accross the divide continued to
> exchange internet packets
> >> inspite of...
> >>
> >> Nway without too much digression, today we want to
> interrogate several
> >> assumptions about the long awaited submarine
> cable(s) that are poised to hit
> >> our coastal city of Mombasa.  SEACOM, TEAMs, EASsy
> are all expected to be
> >> operational starting July 09 (SEACOM), TEAMS (Sep
> 09) and EASsy (2010?)
> >>
> >> Here's my take/opinion on their impact based
> on a scale of Low(1),
> >> Moderate(2) and High(3)
> >>
> >> i) Access:- Score=1, Low Impact on Access
> >> The undersea cable is a top-tier infrastructure
> that has no impact at the
> >> (User) Access level.  User access level is a
> function of the maturity of the
> >> domestic(local) infrastructure.  Unless this is
> developed proportionately,
> >> we shall have an an awkward situation similar to a
> country with top-notch
> >> Universities (Submarine cable) but no Primary and
> Secondary Schools to
> >> provide the students (no Access)...
> >>
> >> ii) Affordability: Score= 2,Moderate Impact on
> Internet Service Costs.
> >> Yes, the prices are likely to go down from the
> current retail levels of
> >> about 2500USD per 1MB to btwn 500-1000USD per 1MB
> of bandwidth.  But I have
> >> serious doubts if this prices will be sustained at
> these low levels because
> >> the investors in these cables are not in it for
> fun - they have calculated
> >> ROI targets that anticipate a huge uptake of the
> bandwidth.  In the likely
> >> event that this uptake failes to happen, I see
> prices beginning to go up by
> >> the end of the 1st year of the cable operation. 
> The investors in the cable
> >> will then begin to milk the few subscribers who
> may have jumped onto the
> >> highway in order to pay for the cost of the
> capital sunk into the cables.
> >>  Yes, maybe I just cant get over the nasty SAT3 
> experience where the
> >> submarine fiber cable landed in the West African
> region with little impact
> >> on pricing.
> >>
> >> iii) Content: Score=1, Low Impact on Content.
> >> Incidentally, digital content should be
> independent of infrastructure.  I
> >> mean, we do not need the submarine cable for our
> Lecturers at the
> >> universities to have their notes in digital form.
> We do not need the
> >> submarine cable to digitize government records. 
> Content is intricately
> >> related to eventual cost of Internet Service and
> ideally should be fully
> >> developed before the submarine cable.
> >>
> >> iv) Quality. Score=2, Moderate Impact on Internet
> Quality.
> >> "Broadband Quality of Internet" is what
> every service provider is
> >> screaming about. But Broadband standard in .KE is
> way off the mark when
> >> compared to India or Europe. I will remain
> sceptical until proven otherwise
> >> but I forsee the undersea cable having moderate
> impact on quality because of
> >> our poorly managed domestic User and  Telco
> networks. Most Telco networks
> >> that will act as gateways to the submarine cable
> are full of Viruses, Spam,
> >> Proxies, and ill-configured Servers, Routers and
> Switches that introduce
> >> congestion and bottlenecks rather facilate
> broadband access to the Submarine
> >> cable.
> >>
> >> We have today to hear your views on this...and the
> floor is open.
> >>
> >> walu.
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >> _______________________________________________
> >> kictanet mailing list
> >> kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke
> >>
> http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet
> >>
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Aiih! Does silence mean consensus/not_sure/not_read/completely_lost? Any feedback will be useful... walu. --- On Thu, 4/30/09, John Walubengo <jwalu@yahoo.com> wrote:

From: John Walubengo <jwalu@yahoo.com> Subject: [kictanet] IG Discussions- Day 4 of 10: Critical Internet Resources, IPv6, TLDs To: jwalu@yahoo.com Cc: "KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions" <kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke> Date: Thursday, April 30, 2009, 9:23 AM I wish to thank all the previous contributors and remind Listers that they can still contribute belatedly on previous themes - as long as they pick the corresponding/correct subject lines.

Otherwise getting onto today's theme -IPv6 & Country code Top Level Domain (ccTLD) Management.

Just some brief background: 1) IPv6: is the new protocol (procedure,standard) for any device (PC, phone, server, camera, etc) communicating over the internet. The old protocol IPv4 is set to reach its limit within 2-3yrs. The prominent item with these protocols is a unique number allocated to each device that wishes to communicate over the internet. These numbers for IPv4 are getting depleted and will be exhausted by 2011/12/13 depending on which scientists you subscribe to.

Issue: Put in bread and butter terms, if your organisation wanted to extend internet communication to your new branch in 2011/12/13, most likely you will not succeed unless the Kenyan social and technostructure was ready for the IPv6 transistion. How ready are we in terms of technical know-how to transit devices, networks, applications, users, etc onto the new IPv6 platform? In particular what is the Kenyan status on this issue? Whose monkey is it to make us ready for the transistion and how far are they in terms of IPv6-readiness? Or should we just relax, sit back and wait for 2011?

2)Top Level Domain: Each countries is reserved with an internet name (.KE for Kenya, .UG for Uganda, etc) which by extension covers corresponding sub-domains such as xyz.co.ke, xyz.ac.ke, xyz.or.ke, etc. How this is managed varies accross countries. Indeed in Uganda, the .UG namespace was created and managed by some private individual (hope this has changed). In Kenya, the top level domain name, .KE is managed by KENIC, www.kenic.or.ke, under a Public-Private Partnership.

Issue: Apparently the management of the Kenyan .KE namespace is set to change - actually has changed - according to the recently enacted Kenya Communication Amendment Act (KCA Act 2008). The .KE namespace will now be exclusively managed by the Regulator, CCK. Is this good or bad for the internet community? Again, putting it in bread and butter terms, how would you like the idea that your e.g. www.nation.co.ke site is alive but could be disabled by our legally Independent Regulator?

We have only 1day on this - tomorrow we move onto the National IXP infrasture theme. Floor is open for comments, clarification, corrections and opinions.

walu.

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Hi I have the following comments on: *IPv6* IPv6 presentation done by participants of the Diplo Foundation Internet Governance Capacity Building Programme at the IGF in Hyderabad ( http://diploedu.diplomacy.edu/poolbin.asp?IDPool=798) is a good introduction to the issues that we need to consider: - Introduction: What is IPv6, and do we really need it? IPv6 Transition: What are the technical, economic and developmental aspects of the transition? - IPv6 Main Players: Who are the main players in this field, globally, regionally and nationally? - National Case Studies: What is happening in different countries? (Kenya included – may be not as detailed!) You may wish to get acquitted with the AfriNIC IPv6 *Policies for allocations and assignments* available at http://www.afrinic.net/docs/policies/afpol-v6200407-000.htm#5 *.Ke ccTLD* The Kenya Communications (Amendment) Act, 2009 ( http://www.communication.go.ke/media.asp?id=775) section 83D states that: *No person all update a repository or administer a sub-domain (this I presume this will be .co.ke, .ne.ke, .or.ke, etc) except in accordance with a licence granted under this act.* The ccTLD domain is managed in the interest of the local internet community. The objective of KENIC is "*promote, manage and operate the delegated .ke ccTLD in the interest of the Kenyan Internet community and being mindful of the global Internet community interest in consistent with Internet Corporation for Assigned Numbers and Names (ICANN) policies*.” I would therefore ask the following question: What in your view would be the criteria that organizations/institutions will need to satisfy in order to be licensed to act as repositories or administrators of .KE sub domains. In my opinion the organizations/institutions should first and foremost act in the interest of the ‘local internet community’. What do you think would be the effect of separately managing sub domain on the existing public private partnership model that has been used as international best practice ( http://www.itu.int/itudoc/itu-t/workshop/cctld/035r1.pdf). Finally, I believe it would be of interest for us all to listen to the following presentation “Evolution of KENIC & Overview of the Kenya Communications (Amendment) Act of 2008” ( http://www.kenic.or.ke/2009_KENIC_AGM_Programme.pdf) proposed to be presented at the KENIC AGM scheduled for 8th May -hope you are planning to attend J? Kind regards Mwende *Disclaimer: Views expressed are the author’s own* On 4/30/09, John Walubengo <jwalu@yahoo.com> wrote:

I wish to thank all the previous contributors and remind Listers that they can still contribute belatedly on previous themes - as long as they pick the corresponding/correct subject lines.

Otherwise getting onto today's theme -IPv6 & Country code Top Level Domain (ccTLD) Management.

Just some brief background: 1) IPv6: is the new protocol (procedure,standard) for any device (PC, phone, server, camera, etc) communicating over the internet. The old protocol IPv4 is set to reach its limit within 2-3yrs. The prominent item with these protocols is a unique number allocated to each device that wishes to communicate over the internet. These numbers for IPv4 are getting depleted and will be exhausted by 2011/12/13 depending on which scientists you subscribe to.

Issue: Put in bread and butter terms, if your organisation wanted to extend internet communication to your new branch in 2011/12/13, most likely you will not succeed unless the Kenyan social and technostructure was ready for the IPv6 transistion. How ready are we in terms of technical know-how to transit devices, networks, applications, users, etc onto the new IPv6 platform? In particular what is the Kenyan status on this issue? Whose monkey is it to make us ready for the transistion and how far are they in terms of IPv6-readiness? Or should we just relax, sit back and wait for 2011?

2)Top Level Domain: Each countries is reserved with an internet name (.KE for Kenya, .UG for Uganda, etc) which by extension covers corresponding sub-domains such as xyz.co.ke, xyz.ac.ke, xyz.or.ke, etc. How this is managed varies accross countries. Indeed in Uganda, the .UG namespace was created and managed by some private individual (hope this has changed). In Kenya, the top level domain name, .KE is managed by KENIC, www.kenic.or.ke, under a Public-Private Partnership.

Issue: Apparently the management of the Kenyan .KE namespace is set to change - actually has changed - according to the recently enacted Kenya Communication Amendment Act (KCA Act 2008). The .KE namespace will now be exclusively managed by the Regulator, CCK. Is this good or bad for the internet community? Again, putting it in bread and butter terms, how would you like the idea that your e.g. www.nation.co.ke site is alive but could be disabled by our legally Independent Regulator?

We have only 1day on this - tomorrow we move onto the National IXP infrasture theme. Floor is open for comments, clarification, corrections and opinions.

walu.

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1) IPV6: I fear another 'y2k' bug scenario here - much ado about nothing...Correct me if I'm wrong but isn't this a problem for the big boys (n girls:) who sell us the devices, operating systems and applications? Why should I be worried if I 'upgrade' or 'patch' my system regularly...and if I'm still running Win 3.1 (or the linux equivalent) then I must not need the net... 2) .KE namespace: I think the issue here is how competent CCK is to manage the namespace. Someone has to do it. And I guess the custodian of what is for our collective good (read government) is the reasonable choice. Legislation should be clear on under what circumstances CCK can act (or not) on .KE. Is it? Victor -----Original Message----- From: kictanet-bounces+v-gathara=dfid.gov.uk@lists.kictanet.or.ke [mailto:kictanet-bounces+v-gathara=dfid.gov.uk@lists.kictanet.or.ke] On Behalf Of John Walubengo Sent: 30 April 2009 08:24 To: Victor Gathara Cc: KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions Subject: [kictanet] IG Discussions- Day 4 of 10: Critical Internet Resources,IPv6, TLDs I wish to thank all the previous contributors and remind Listers that they can still contribute belatedly on previous themes - as long as they pick the corresponding/correct subject lines. Otherwise getting onto today's theme -IPv6 & Country code Top Level Domain (ccTLD) Management. Just some brief background: 1) IPv6: is the new protocol (procedure,standard) for any device (PC, phone, server, camera, etc) communicating over the internet. The old protocol IPv4 is set to reach its limit within 2-3yrs. The prominent item with these protocols is a unique number allocated to each device that wishes to communicate over the internet. These numbers for IPv4 are getting depleted and will be exhausted by 2011/12/13 depending on which scientists you subscribe to. Issue: Put in bread and butter terms, if your organisation wanted to extend internet communication to your new branch in 2011/12/13, most likely you will not succeed unless the Kenyan social and technostructure was ready for the IPv6 transistion. How ready are we in terms of technical know-how to transit devices, networks, applications, users, etc onto the new IPv6 platform? In particular what is the Kenyan status on this issue? Whose monkey is it to make us ready for the transistion and how far are they in terms of IPv6-readiness? Or should we just relax, sit back and wait for 2011? 2)Top Level Domain: Each countries is reserved with an internet name (.KE for Kenya, .UG for Uganda, etc) which by extension covers corresponding sub-domains such as xyz.co.ke, xyz.ac.ke, xyz.or.ke, etc. How this is managed varies accross countries. Indeed in Uganda, the .UG namespace was created and managed by some private individual (hope this has changed). In Kenya, the top level domain name, .KE is managed by KENIC, www.kenic.or.ke, under a Public-Private Partnership. Issue: Apparently the management of the Kenyan .KE namespace is set to change - actually has changed - according to the recently enacted Kenya Communication Amendment Act (KCA Act 2008). The .KE namespace will now be exclusively managed by the Regulator, CCK. Is this good or bad for the internet community? Again, putting it in bread and butter terms, how would you like the idea that your e.g. www.nation.co.ke site is alive but could be disabled by our legally Independent Regulator? We have only 1day on this - tomorrow we move onto the National IXP infrasture theme. Floor is open for comments, clarification, corrections and opinions. walu. _______________________________________________ kictanet mailing list kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet This message was sent to: v-gathara@dfid.gov.uk Unsubscribe or change your options at http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/v-gathara%40dfid.go v.uk ________________________________________________________________________ This e-mail has been scanned for all viruses by Star. The service is powered by MessageLabs. For more information on a proactive anti-virus service working around the clock, around the globe, visit: http://www.star.net.uk ________________________________________________________________________ DFID, the Department for International Development: leading the British Government's fight against world poverty. Find out more about the major global poverty challenges and get the facts on what DFID is doing to fight them: http://www.dfid.gov.uk ______________________________________________________________________ This e-mail has been scanned for all viruses by Peapod. The service is powered by MessageLabs. For more information on a proactive anti-virus service working around the clock, around the globe, visit: http://www.peapod.co.uk/cleanmail

IPV6: When talking of IPv6 we are talking of the key word being ADOPTION and not transition. The reason being that we shall still have IPv4 based networks for at least another two decades if not longer. As mentioned by one of the posts, the end-users are ignorant of what IP version they use. A majority of whom have no clue what an IP address is. Only operators, support staff are conscious of its role. Its equally considerable that this status quo will remain as is for a long time. That said, its likely that we need mechanism to ensure that what consumers buy in terms of new devices, software upgrades will be IPv6 compliant for lack of better terms. Case in point, when the west phases out old/legacy equipment its more likely that this kit will likely find a way into some developing country and deployed into a network for to start a second life. All factors in mind - should this be left to the ignorant consumer or should someone up the chain be in a position to regulate what comes into this market or not. ccTLD Management; Each country is entitled to develop its own Operational, Management and Governance models as long as its consistent and acceptable to the Local Internet community. The definition of the Local Internet Community (LIC) is left to the country to determine who constitutes it. However in most cases the stakeholders carry the day as the Local Internet community As such, other countries in the region i.e Tanzania, South Africa and Mauritius have reviewed their models to those they deem consistent to the interests of their Local Internet communities. For such changes to be implemented clear engagement of the community must be demonstrated to ICANN and the IANA. The KENIC experience was no different. Its however very interesting to note that KENIC is listed under IANA as the management of .KE ccTLD http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/ke.html It therefore means for this to change there must be consensus from the LIC and a formal application for this to change. To my understanding the KCA 2008 intends to license management of subdomain registries. This is abit confusing to me and has been since i first saw the statements. Its not clear where there are going to split the registry and have other operators manage .co.ke and .ac.ke and go.ke independently. If this is the case, then i would like to invite them to review the South African experience as to why they are moving away from a split registry to a single registry and learn from their experience. If its to license the registrar (ISP or others doing domain registration on behalf of others - IMHO licensing has its pro's and cons and this may not have a positive impact on the growth of the namespace. If its to license every domain registrar (every domain owner) - this is just absurd! In conclusion, the management of the ccTLD determines its success. Example .EG and .ZA were both entered in the Root-Zone in 1990. Today the .ZA has over 500,000 domain while the .Eg is small at my last check in 2006 they had 6,000 domains. The KENIC model has managed to grow from 1,200 to 10,000 domains in a span of 6 years (from Feb 2003 to Feb 2009). While this growth remains disproportional to the population its relatively comparable to Internet penetration. Consequently changing the model may have its pro's and cons. My point of concerns are has anyone done any particular research/study to access the impact of the proposed changes. Essentially all changes to the ccTLD operations/management should aim to make the name space efficiently available (ease of registration) interesting (new second levels, auctions for hot names - creates attention around the namespace) and certainly affordable. Anything else will break the growth momentum the ccTLD has worked hard to build. Taking into consideration that many other factors come into play for there to be an interest in registrations at the ccTLD. Regards, Michuki.

Hi Walu/All, Interesting points and arguments but clearly brought from outside of the service provider industry. My comments follow: On Tue, Apr 28, 2009 at 8:20 AM, John Walubengo <jwalu@yahoo.com> wrote:

i) Access:- Score=1, Low Impact on Access The undersea cable is a top-tier infrastructure that has no impact at the (User) Access level. User access level is a function of the maturity of the domestic(local) infrastructure. Unless this is developed proportionately, we shall have an an awkward situation similar to a country with top-notch Universities (Submarine cable) but no Primary and Secondary Schools to provide the students (no Access)...

Access is not merely an infrastructure related issue. True, tier 1 is where the submarine cables impact - but the truth is that currently most of the deployed access infrastructure is underutilised. There are over 100,000 households today with ability to access ADSL - but only a fraction (probably 2,000-3,000) actually subscribe to the service - why? Cost - more below

ii) Affordability: Score= 2,Moderate Impact on Internet Service Costs. Yes, the prices are likely to go down from the current retail levels of about 2500USD per 1MB to btwn 500-1000USD per 1MB of bandwidth. But I have serious doubts if this prices will be sustained at these low levels because the investors in these cables are not in it for fun - they have calculated ROI targets that anticipate a huge uptake of the bandwidth. In the likely event that this uptake failes to happen, I see prices beginning to go up by the end of the 1st year of the cable operation. The investors in the cable will then begin to milk the few subscribers who may have jumped onto the highway in order to pay for the cost of the capital sunk into the cables. Yes, maybe I just cant get over the nasty SAT3 experience where the submarine fiber cable landed in the West African region with little impact on pricing.

Actually the expected impact on pricing will be between US$200-$400 per MB (wholesale for ISPs) - this will further be forced downwards by the high competition that both shareholders as well as bulk customers of the cable systems bring to the marketplace. Don't forget that TEAMs is a 'developmental' cable system i.e. it's investors are not aiming to make any money out of the cable itself - but aim to deliver the commodity (bandwidth) to their marketplace at the lowest possible price, then make their returns on the better margins they will get in the market. Contrary to your expectation, there are chances that broadband access might be very close to free.

iii) Content: Score=1, Low Impact on Content. Incidentally, digital content should be independent of infrastructure. I mean, we do not need the submarine cable for our Lecturers at the universities to have their notes in digital form. We do not need the submarine cable to digitize government records. Content is intricately related to eventual cost of Internet Service and ideally should be fully developed before the submarine cable.

Content vs Infrastructure is a chicken & egg situation - at least once the infrastructure is there - there shall be few or no more excuses for the lack of local content. Bottom line is, we have a lot of creativity - it needs to be harnessed, there are definitely huge business opportunities for 'content agreggators' who can go out there, source and sign up various types of content and put it onto the new networks.

iv) Quality. Score=2, Moderate Impact on Internet Quality. "Broadband Quality of Internet" is what every service provider is screaming about. But Broadband standard in .KE is way off the mark when compared to India or Europe. I will remain sceptical until proven otherwise but I forsee the undersea cable having moderate impact on quality because of our poorly managed domestic User and Telco networks. Most Telco networks that will act as gateways to the submarine cable are full of Viruses, Spam, Proxies, and ill-configured Servers, Routers and Switches that introduce congestion and bottlenecks rather facilate broadband access to the Submarine cable.

On this one I can assue you that this assumption is way off-mark. The watershed that these submarine cable will bring, plus the almost limitless amounts of bandwidth that will be available will have an incredible impact on quality. All the 'pent-up-demand' that has been created by the terribly slow satellite systems we use at the present will be released - there is likely going to be an explosion of use - with a massive increase in overseas multimedia and web 2.0 services. Hopefully this will gradually become more localised as many of the content delivery networks set up local nodes for mirrored and 'local presence' service equivalency. -- Brian Munyao Longwe e-mail: blongwe@gmail.com cell: + 254 722 518 744 blog : http://zinjlog.blogspot.com meta-blog: http://mashilingi.blogspot.com

Thanx Sam, Victor, Brian, Faima, Mwende & Bill for your quick contributions...am sure there are more insights out there. Plse share using easily understandable wordings for the benefit of our international Listers...

...

Bill, - "Bubudiu mbovu" - when I was growing up, this used to mean "misleading propaganda" was that your intepretation of the "TEAMS project not aiming to make money out of the cable" comment from Brian?

walu. --- On Tue, 4/28/09, Bildad Kagai <billkagai@gmail.com> wrote:

From: Bildad Kagai <billkagai@gmail.com> Subject: Re: [kictanet] IG Discussions- Day 2 of 10: Infrastructure Issues-Submarine Cables To: jwalu@yahoo.com Cc: "KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions" <kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke> Date: Tuesday, April 28, 2009, 1:28 PM On Apr 28, 2009, at 11:14 AM, Brian Munyao Longwe wrote:

...

Don't forget that TEAMs is a 'developmental' cable system i.e. it's investors are not aiming to make any money out of the cable itself

Bubudiu mbovu.

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In my opinion, 1. [For profit - Seacom] sounds like a brilliant business model. 2. [Means-to-an-end - TEAMS]: I have done a bit of economics upto Uni level and finally...the only economic model they did not teach at UoN (established by an Act of Parliament). Sounds like Teams has already waged a price war with no products in the market yet. I can bet Brian for free that if Teams is cheaper (reasonably) than Seacom, then 'kalubu' on me...that day. Walu - Kalubu is local content (fermented not digitized - but u can also say - shaken not stirred) that we partake responsibly during those kilelembe nights. On Apr 28, 2009, at 3:57 PM, Brian Munyao Longwe wrote:

Hi john,

Well, I had opted not to comment on this, but since you asked....

There are a number of different ways to go about major infrastructure development: 1) For-Profit: Put together a business case with a clear Return-On- Investment (ROI) benefit; go out and find the money, then build and deploy - hopefully the market will respond well and the investors get their return (e.g. SEACOM) 2) Means-to-an-end: Determine the total costs for the project, go to the primary stakeholders; Oil companies in the case of oil pipelines, gas companies in the case of gas companies, operators & ISPs in the case of bandwidth; sell them the concept of delivering the commodity to themselves at cost (or as near to cost as possible); set up an "Operations & Maintenance" structure which levies the same parties; build and deploy; once the bandwidth is delivered it's a "free-for-all" in the marketplace - with COSTS at a very low level, prices will evenetually follow due to competition (e.g. TEAMs and EASSY)

This is one of the main reasons why projects such as TEAMs and EASSY have faced stiff opposition, criticism and outright attempted sabotage - because they have the potential to cut the feet out from under any similar commercial venture.

Regards,

Brian

On Tue, Apr 28, 2009 at 3:22 PM, John Walubengo <jwalu@yahoo.com> wrote:

Thanx Sam, Victor, Brian, Faima, Mwende & Bill for your quick contributions...am sure there are more insights out there. Plse share using easily understandable wordings for the benefit of our international Listers...

...

...

Bill, - "Bubudiu mbovu" - when I was growing up, this used to mean "misleading propaganda" was that your intepretation of the "TEAMS project not aiming to make money out of the cable" comment from Brian?

walu.

--- On Tue, 4/28/09, Bildad Kagai <billkagai@gmail.com> wrote:

...

From: Bildad Kagai <billkagai@gmail.com> Subject: Re: [kictanet] IG Discussions- Day 2 of 10: Infrastructure Issues-Submarine Cables To: jwalu@yahoo.com Cc: "KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions" <kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke> Date: Tuesday, April 28, 2009, 1:28 PM On Apr 28, 2009, at 11:14 AM, Brian Munyao Longwe wrote:

...

Don't forget that TEAMs is a 'developmental' cable system i.e. it's investors are not aiming to make any money out of the cable itself

Bubudiu mbovu.

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** Hi I have the following comments on: *Content* I disagree with the statement that “digital content should be independent of infrastructure”. Without the availability of reliable connectivity it would be impossible to deliver the content to the intended recipients. If for example the health fraternity would wish to implement telemedicine, digitizing the content is the 1st stage while delivering the content over a reliable broadband network is the 2nd stage. Am sure none of us would want to misdiagnosed on the basis of an image for delivery that has acquired errors in transmission. *Quality* Broadband quality is highly subjective and dependent one’s internet usage patterns, for example those interested in audio or video streaming would demand higher quality. Network operators may employ bandwidth/traffic management techniques to meet user demand. This has resulted in the debate of network neutrality; in the US for example, the network neutrality is one of the most contentious debates on the telecommunications policy. This debate has ensued as Internet firms such as Google, Yahoo and eBay on one hand seek to have non-discriminatory access to network infrastructure written in to law and regulation. On the other hand telecommunication and cable network operators such as AT&T, Verzion and Bell South perceiving Internet firms as ‘freeloaders’, accruing profits at their expense, are seeking to have legislation established that would let them charge additional fees for use of their networks. Network neutrality may not be of concern to us at the moment as we focus on facilitating universal broadband on an open access. However this may change as network operators see their ‘hard earned’ broadband connectivity ‘chewed’ up by applications that they themselves do not offer. *References* http://www.circleid.com/posts/print/network_neutrality http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/02/06/AR2006020601... http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/01/21/AR2006012100... *Disclaimer: Views expressed are the author’s own* On 4/28/09, John Walubengo <jwalu@yahoo.com> wrote:

Welcome to day 2. Hopefully it would be more interactive than yesterday...I want to believe that the paralysis in our politics has not infected and paralysed us. And just like during the cold war, scientists and technocrats accross the divide continued to exchange internet packets inspite of...

Nway without too much digression, today we want to interrogate several assumptions about the long awaited submarine cable(s) that are poised to hit our coastal city of Mombasa. SEACOM, TEAMs, EASsy are all expected to be operational starting July 09 (SEACOM), TEAMS (Sep 09) and EASsy (2010?)

Here's my take/opinion on their impact based on a scale of Low(1), Moderate(2) and High(3)

i) Access:- Score=1, Low Impact on Access The undersea cable is a top-tier infrastructure that has no impact at the (User) Access level. User access level is a function of the maturity of the domestic(local) infrastructure. Unless this is developed proportionately, we shall have an an awkward situation similar to a country with top-notch Universities (Submarine cable) but no Primary and Secondary Schools to provide the students (no Access)...

ii) Affordability: Score= 2,Moderate Impact on Internet Service Costs. Yes, the prices are likely to go down from the current retail levels of about 2500USD per 1MB to btwn 500-1000USD per 1MB of bandwidth. But I have serious doubts if this prices will be sustained at these low levels because the investors in these cables are not in it for fun - they have calculated ROI targets that anticipate a huge uptake of the bandwidth. In the likely event that this uptake failes to happen, I see prices beginning to go up by the end of the 1st year of the cable operation. The investors in the cable will then begin to milk the few subscribers who may have jumped onto the highway in order to pay for the cost of the capital sunk into the cables. Yes, maybe I just cant get over the nasty SAT3 experience where the submarine fiber cable landed in the West African region with little impact on pricing.

iii) Content: Score=1, Low Impact on Content. Incidentally, digital content should be independent of infrastructure. I mean, we do not need the submarine cable for our Lecturers at the universities to have their notes in digital form. We do not need the submarine cable to digitize government records. Content is intricately related to eventual cost of Internet Service and ideally should be fully developed before the submarine cable.

iv) Quality. Score=2, Moderate Impact on Internet Quality. "Broadband Quality of Internet" is what every service provider is screaming about. But Broadband standard in .KE is way off the mark when compared to India or Europe. I will remain sceptical until proven otherwise but I forsee the undersea cable having moderate impact on quality because of our poorly managed domestic User and Telco networks. Most Telco networks that will act as gateways to the submarine cable are full of Viruses, Spam, Proxies, and ill-configured Servers, Routers and Switches that introduce congestion and bottlenecks rather facilate broadband access to the Submarine cable.

We have today to hear your views on this...and the floor is open.

walu.

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Mornings, must apologize for the slow start but am sure we all deserve it as we the holiday gets underway. Feel free to use the break to post your contributions on previous themes as I can see happening. Todays theme is quite brief and we start by breaking down the jargon. IXP: stands for Internet eXchange Point, similar to a telephone exchange point, where calls within a particular town, district, province or country are aggregrated and routed. An IXP is similar in that it aggregates internet traffic within a town, district, province or country. Typically, if a country lacks an IXP, then calls/internet traffic destined for your neighbor accross the street ends up being routed accross expensive international links and then back into the country for delivery (not good). Issues: In kenya we are lucky to have an National IXP, but the issue is whether it is being used optimally. How many service providers are connecting their local traffic through the IXP? Secondly, of what use is the national IXP if most users are interested in and target foreign content (yahoo.com, gmail.com, facebook.com, etc rather than xyz.co.KE)? NOFB: Stands for National Optical Fiber Backbone. The .KE Government under the implementing arm of Kenya ICT Board has been building the domestic fiber cable accross all districts in Kenya. This should improve and extend access uniformally accross the country. Eventually, e-Government services would be accessed over these networks. Issues: Private Telco Operators have always felt that the Govt has no business pulling cables across the country/cities. They feel it is undue competition brought in to distort the telco markets - shouldn't it be more efficient for Govt to lease fiber links from existing telco operators?. What's more, who will run and manage this domestic network? How would this infrastructure co-exist or is it intended to eventually replace the IXP that is currently run by Private Sector? 1 day on this - hope some of you did manage to get online. regards. walu.

Just a note to add to the discussion: There is a tug of war over the roll out and provision of service, meanwhile the wananchi still suffer for lack of access. I would ask that both the government and the private sector begin to consider the pressing needs of the people for information and come to definitive agreements so that implementation can take place. On the subject of local content and international websites: If more Kenyans outside of Nairobi had the ability to access the Internet and the skills to design websites under the National IXP, we would see more traffic within the country. In this case, it seems as though we are selecting a very small portion of the population and calling it the entire country. We will only be able to ascertain the success of the IXP after more Kenyans have access. NOFB: We all know that while the market is good at producing a number of benefits, the provision of public goods is its downfall. It is critical at this time of developing the ICT industry of Kenya that we are reaching out to the people to build their skills and introduce the Internet as the educational and business tool it has the power to be. At the moment more than 90% of all Internet use is in Nairobi and Mombasa. What about the rest of the country? Critical Internet Resources- The Internet: A Critical Resource... Crystal On Fri, May 1, 2009 at 11:37 AM, John Walubengo <jwalu@yahoo.com> wrote:

Mornings, must apologize for the slow start but am sure we all deserve it as we the holiday gets underway. Feel free to use the break to post your contributions on previous themes as I can see happening.

Todays theme is quite brief and we start by breaking down the jargon.

IXP: stands for Internet eXchange Point, similar to a telephone exchange point, where calls within a particular town, district, province or country are aggregrated and routed. An IXP is similar in that it aggregates internet traffic within a town, district, province or country. Typically, if a country lacks an IXP, then calls/internet traffic destined for your neighbor accross the street ends up being routed accross expensive international links and then back into the country for delivery (not good).

Issues: In kenya we are lucky to have an National IXP, but the issue is whether it is being used optimally. How many service providers are connecting their local traffic through the IXP? Secondly, of what use is the national IXP if most users are interested in and target foreign content (yahoo.com, gmail.com, facebook.com, etc rather than xyz.co.KE)?

NOFB: Stands for National Optical Fiber Backbone. The .KE Government under the implementing arm of Kenya ICT Board has been building the domestic fiber cable accross all districts in Kenya. This should improve and extend access uniformally accross the country. Eventually, e-Government services would be accessed over these networks.

Issues: Private Telco Operators have always felt that the Govt has no business pulling cables across the country/cities. They feel it is undue competition brought in to distort the telco markets - shouldn't it be more efficient for Govt to lease fiber links from existing telco operators?. What's more, who will run and manage this domestic network? How would this infrastructure co-exist or is it intended to eventually replace the IXP that is currently run by Private Sector?

1 day on this - hope some of you do manage to get online.

regards. walu.

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I think that GoK is well within its rights building domestic fibre infrastructure around the country. Call me sceptical but I think that some in the private industry are crying foul only because NOFB will interconnect major cities where they hoped to control traffic by controlling infrastructure. Of course I don't expect GoK to get into last mile solutions and this is where private industry should stand up and be counted. Managing the infrastructure should also not be the preserve of the government but imho should be let out to a management company enforcing an 'open access' policy. NOFB should not preclude private companies laying down their own infrastructure though. Victor -----Original Message----- From: kictanet-bounces+v-gathara=dfid.gov.uk@lists.kictanet.or.ke [mailto:kictanet-bounces+v-gathara=dfid.gov.uk@lists.kictanet.or.ke] On Behalf Of John Walubengo Sent: 01 May 2009 11:37 To: Victor Gathara Cc: KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions Subject: [kictanet] IG Discussion 2009,Day 5 of 10- Criticical Internet Resources, IXPs and NOFB Mornings, must apologize for the slow start but am sure we all deserve it as we the holiday gets underway. Feel free to use the break to post your contributions on previous themes as I can see happening. Todays theme is quite brief and we start by breaking down the jargon. IXP: stands for Internet eXchange Point, similar to a telephone exchange point, where calls within a particular town, district, province or country are aggregrated and routed. An IXP is similar in that it aggregates internet traffic within a town, district, province or country. Typically, if a country lacks an IXP, then calls/internet traffic destined for your neighbor accross the street ends up being routed accross expensive international links and then back into the country for delivery (not good). Issues: In kenya we are lucky to have an National IXP, but the issue is whether it is being used optimally. How many service providers are connecting their local traffic through the IXP? Secondly, of what use is the national IXP if most users are interested in and target foreign content (yahoo.com, gmail.com, facebook.com, etc rather than xyz.co.KE)? NOFB: Stands for National Optical Fiber Backbone. The .KE Government under the implementing arm of Kenya ICT Board has been building the domestic fiber cable accross all districts in Kenya. This should improve and extend access uniformally accross the country. Eventually, e-Government services would be accessed over these networks. Issues: Private Telco Operators have always felt that the Govt has no business pulling cables across the country/cities. They feel it is undue competition brought in to distort the telco markets - shouldn't it be more efficient for Govt to lease fiber links from existing telco operators?. What's more, who will run and manage this domestic network? How would this infrastructure co-exist or is it intended to eventually replace the IXP that is currently run by Private Sector? 1 day on this - hope some of you do manage to get online. regards. walu. _______________________________________________ kictanet mailing list kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet This message was sent to: v-gathara@dfid.gov.uk Unsubscribe or change your options at http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/v-gathara%40dfid.go v.uk ________________________________________________________________________ This e-mail has been scanned for all viruses by Star. The service is powered by MessageLabs. For more information on a proactive anti-virus service working around the clock, around the globe, visit: http://www.star.net.uk ________________________________________________________________________ DFID, the Department for International Development: leading the British Government's fight against world poverty. Find out more about the major global poverty challenges and get the facts on what DFID is doing to fight them: http://www.dfid.gov.uk ______________________________________________________________________ This e-mail has been scanned for all viruses by Peapod. The service is powered by MessageLabs. For more information on a proactive anti-virus service working around the clock, around the globe, visit: http://www.peapod.co.uk/cleanmail

I wish to thank all contributors for a resourceful week last week. Today I hand over the moderation role to Mwende who will take us through the Security section of IG. Most of you are familiar with Mwende who moderated the 2nd week of last years IG discussions. over to you - hope you have woken up and ready to ran. ;-) walu.

Hi I would like to follow up on Michuki’s HO: “*there's no broadband in Kenya* ”. 1stly, Do we need a definition for broadband? In the UK, Wanadoo accused by rival service providers (BT Group and Telewest) of “*confusing consumers by promoting services with speeds of 150kbps or 256kbps as broadband*” (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/3563320.stm.) 2ndly, this article that a friend shared with me provides a good reason why we should seriously be considering local content development. Companies such as Youtube, facebook, myspace have large audiences in developing countries, Kenya being no exception; however these countries have limited and expensive broadband, generate little advertising revenue and require more resources (servers, bandwidth). To reduce costs associated with providing services some internet companies have taken “the drastic step of cutting off developing countries” from accessing their services!! ( http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/27/technology/start-ups/27global.html?_r=3&partner=rss&emc=rss ) Kind regards Mwende *Disclaimer: Views expressed here are the author’s own* On Fri, May 1, 2009 at 10:20 AM, Michuki Mwangi <michuki@swiftkenya.com>wrote:

Hi Walu, et al,

Access:

I believe that we need to move beyond the marketing hype into the realities. IMHO there's no broadband in Kenya. In my basic understanding Broadband means affordable and fast connectivity. What we have is average-to-unreliable connectivity that costs more than its worth.

I believe the ongoing investments into wireless solutions while they work will continue to hold us into the pre-broadband phase for a long time to come.

Mobile broadband seems to be a working solution but their ability to scale will continue to pose challenges on quality.

Therefore investment in fixed infrastructure solutions like FTTH and FTTC are going to be important considerations to be made if we are to leap into broadband phase.

At this point, it would be ideal if regulators would open up the last mile (within residential spaces) for anyone interested to invest in that space with fixed infrastructure.

The de facto point here is that for a long time residential access has been neglected for a long time. The focus has been mainly at CBDs until the mobile 2G and 3G solutions were introduced.

Maybe policy has a role to play in providing incentives for players who make efforts in providing fixed infrastructure in residential locations.

Affordability:

The pricing will still remain high until we have a inexpensive local loop solution.

As far as the cables go it will be good to know more details before folks can make conclusions. For instance is the 500-100USD per month for bits or bytes?. It would be good to know what pricing model the cable operators want to have in place for instance does one buy a circuit from point A to B or does one buy a circuit with Internet on it already?.

Selling circuits are the ideal way to go hence it allows operators and others to buy large pipes STM1 (144 Mbps) from say Nairobi to London. Its cheaper to buy transit capacity from London which goes for about $10 Per MB per month the other costs will be for the circuit back to Nairobi and that can be low if talking of big pipes. But then the models are not clear to me so i cannot give conclusions on what is.

Content:

The only way we can drive up content availability is by placing the requisite infrastructure. As it stands, few host content locally the pricing is beyond and facilities are few hence higher pricing.

In Kenya my estimated total collocation/hosting capacity available is well under 2,000m2 and am being kind here. In Europe one company Telehouse has 30,000m2 of datacenter space 20,000m2 of which is in the UK.

We have afew factors in favor of Kenya for instance cheap land and professional Labor (we cannot compare to EU rates). The only expense is power but we have abundant solar energy that can serve the demand for green data-centers one would wish to build. As some of you may know Europe ran out of hosting space back in 2006 and has lead to the emergence of Asia as the next collo destination.

Its upon the region to realise that we could be home to the future worlds data centers with low cost energy, land and labor in our favor.

That way we have both local and international content hosted locally and this will drive costs of access to lows never imagined.

Quality:

Quality of service will improve;

1) With better and affordable local loop infrastructure (not over subscribed wireless base stations) - i understand that the regulatory licensing structure had a negative impact on this as operators had to pay an annual fee per installed site?. Probably fixed wired solutions that have no recurrent costs are the way to go?

2) Increased percentage of locally hosted/accessed content (peering traffic) which is subject to less contention and better access speeds

3) better pricing models on transit capacity which will reduce the contention ratios given by service providers

4) More training of engineers in building scalable services and routing infrastructure.

Regards,

Michuki.

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That is a great idea Mwende, in actual sense our local councils generate a lot of revenue in terms of rates which is squandered through fictitious procurements (Call it buying air as Philip Kisia would say) Maybe it is time to involve the local councils as key stakeholders in the infrastructure business since they have a lot of say in so far as Jurisdiction issues in the Municipialities are concerned On Sun, May 10, 2009 at 8:47 PM, mwende njiraini <mwende.njiraini@gmail.com>wrote:

Hi

I would like to contribute to the discussion on residential broadband access though belatedly. Installing fibre for last mile access involves a substantial commitment of fixed costs, mainly associated with civil works.

To reduce this capital cost some municipalities are installing multiple ‘dark’ fibre as it is economical to install substantial excess capacity, relative to initial demand. One such initiative is by the city of Stockholm, in Sweden, which owns and operates an open and operator-neutral infrastructure for telephone and data communications, under a city chartered company, Stokab.

Stokab was founded in 1994 when the telecommunications sector was fully liberalised due to the reluctance of the incumbent operator to meet the demand for high capacity networks. Since then, the company has provided fibre optic infrastructure on an open access basis to service providers and large businesses including telecommunication operators, ISPs, cable television networks, mobile telephone operators, municipalities, county councils, major banks, insurance companies, multi-sited organisations and media companies based in the commercial districts and industrial areas of Stockholm.

The aim of the company is to contribute to making Stockholm an ICT capital by lowering the barriers to market entry for service providers, and therefore increasing competition. The guiding philosophy for the establishment of the city network is that telecommunications infrastructure should be provided as a ‘public good’ facilitating access to advanced communications services to all citizens. Stokab’s open access network (OAN), hopes to contribute to improved welfare and greater efficiency of municipality services, reduce the need to travel and thus ease traffic congestion ultimately contributing to a better environment.

May be this is an initiative that municipalities in Kenya may wish to consider.

Kind regards

Mwende

*Disclaimer: Views expressed here (except those quoted or referenced) are the author’s own*

References

1. Stokab. http://www.stokab.se/templates/StandardPage.aspx?id=306 2. Lehr, W., Sirbu, M. Gillett, S. (2004) *Broadband Open Access: Lessons from Municipal Network Case Studies*. http://people.csail.mit.edu/wlehr/Lehr-Papers_files/Lehr%20Sirbu%20Gillett%2... 3. Regulatory Barriers For Fibre Deployment: The “Legacy Trap” - Barriers to Fibre Deployments in the EU. http://www.ofcom.org.uk/consult/condocs/telecoms_review1/responses/a_h/ftth....

* *On Fri, May 1, 2009 at 10:20 AM, Michuki Mwangi <michuki@swiftkenya.com

...

wrote:

...

Hi Walu, et al,

Access:

I believe that we need to move beyond the marketing hype into the realities. IMHO there's no broadband in Kenya. In my basic understanding Broadband means affordable and fast connectivity. What we have is average-to-unreliable connectivity that costs more than its worth.

I believe the ongoing investments into wireless solutions while they work will continue to hold us into the pre-broadband phase for a long time to come.

Mobile broadband seems to be a working solution but their ability to scale will continue to pose challenges on quality.

Therefore investment in fixed infrastructure solutions like FTTH and FTTC are going to be important considerations to be made if we are to leap into broadband phase.

At this point, it would be ideal if regulators would open up the last mile (within residential spaces) for anyone interested to invest in that space with fixed infrastructure.

The de facto point here is that for a long time residential access has been neglected for a long time. The focus has been mainly at CBDs until the mobile 2G and 3G solutions were introduced.

Maybe policy has a role to play in providing incentives for players who make efforts in providing fixed infrastructure in residential locations.

Affordability:

The pricing will still remain high until we have a inexpensive local loop solution.

As far as the cables go it will be good to know more details before folks can make conclusions. For instance is the 500-100USD per month for bits or bytes?. It would be good to know what pricing model the cable operators want to have in place for instance does one buy a circuit from point A to B or does one buy a circuit with Internet on it already?.

Selling circuits are the ideal way to go hence it allows operators and others to buy large pipes STM1 (144 Mbps) from say Nairobi to London. Its cheaper to buy transit capacity from London which goes for about $10 Per MB per month the other costs will be for the circuit back to Nairobi and that can be low if talking of big pipes. But then the models are not clear to me so i cannot give conclusions on what is.

Content:

The only way we can drive up content availability is by placing the requisite infrastructure. As it stands, few host content locally the pricing is beyond and facilities are few hence higher pricing.

In Kenya my estimated total collocation/hosting capacity available is well under 2,000m2 and am being kind here. In Europe one company Telehouse has 30,000m2 of datacenter space 20,000m2 of which is in the UK.

We have afew factors in favor of Kenya for instance cheap land and professional Labor (we cannot compare to EU rates). The only expense is power but we have abundant solar energy that can serve the demand for green data-centers one would wish to build. As some of you may know Europe ran out of hosting space back in 2006 and has lead to the emergence of Asia as the next collo destination.

Its upon the region to realise that we could be home to the future worlds data centers with low cost energy, land and labor in our favor.

That way we have both local and international content hosted locally and this will drive costs of access to lows never imagined.

Quality:

Quality of service will improve;

1) With better and affordable local loop infrastructure (not over subscribed wireless base stations) - i understand that the regulatory licensing structure had a negative impact on this as operators had to pay an annual fee per installed site?. Probably fixed wired solutions that have no recurrent costs are the way to go?

2) Increased percentage of locally hosted/accessed content (peering traffic) which is subject to less contention and better access speeds

3) better pricing models on transit capacity which will reduce the contention ratios given by service providers

4) More training of engineers in building scalable services and routing infrastructure.

Regards,

Michuki.

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