http://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/migration/#story/34 'Airtime for Cash & Apps In The Multi-Million $ Digital Enabled Trafficking Business; Contribution To Human Trafficking and Misery' "....." My father was distraught..." Tesfom was angry too, but he couldn't leave his brother stranded. He got a friend in Sudan to buy $200 in pre-paid cellphone minutes and text the code to his brother..." "... Pre-paid mobile minutes are used in many parts of Africa, especially in places where banks are scarce or mistrusted. Girmay could easily exchange the minutes for cash..." "..... Some smugglers give refugees smartphones with apps like viber, skype and WhatsApp so that they can get in touch with their families. The apps save money on international calls, and, more important, circumvent police wiretraps."

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Read on. Blessed weekend. Regards/Wangari