Re: [kictanet] CCK PUSHES LOCAL FIRMS TO HOST WEBSITES LOCALLY
@Liko, @Eng Karuiki, Recall that this local hosting/ cyber security is not my ideal position. Just a consensus understanding I picked from my long online argument on the same with Sammy B. But maybe we can use the defamation example. If I defamed someone on a blog hosted locally, it is easier to enforce a pull-down order from a local court as oppsed to if the content sits abroad and physically under a different jurisdiction. Enforcement is therfore easier because one can walk up to the server room and make arrests if the techies decline to implement an order. This realization in itself will increase self-regulation at User,Content Provider and Operator levels. my 2pings. walu. ------------------------------ On Wed, Nov 27, 2013 8:12 PM AST (Arabian) Agosta Liko wrote:
Walu
How does local hosting does give local enforcement (police, prosecution, judiciary) some teeth ?
On Wed, Nov 27, 2013 at 7:46 PM, Walubengo J <jwalu@yahoo.com> wrote:
@WhiteAfrican,
I do get your message. But your language might be considered too strong by @BlackAfrican standard and folks may take offense. Check Ali's post on the same - same message, different words :-)
That said, I think the King @CCK has been caught "naked". Maybe the planned regulation is to make ALL GOVERNMENT data local (which is within the government/regulatory scope to make the call). Or maybe he was misquoted, or maybe I might be trying to hard to do the PR job for CCK...
@Wambua, you have off late gone completely underground?
walu. nb: the benefit of local hosting within the context of cybersecurity was argued on a 1-on-1 between me and Sammy B and we came to some consensus :- that local hosting does give local enforcement (police, prosecution, judiciary) some teeth...and by extension this in itself can act as deterrent against would-be cybercriminals.
I however dont think that this should lead to a decree that everyone MUST host locally because then I will have to give up my jwalu@yahoo.com mail account to avoid hosting my mails abroad :-)
-------------------------------------------- On Wed, 11/27/13, Erik Hersman <erik@zungu.com> wrote:
Subject: Re: [kictanet] CCK PUSHES LOCAL FIRMS TO HOST WEBSITES LOCALLY To: jwalu@yahoo.com Cc: "KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions" <kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke> Date: Wednesday, November 27, 2013, 4:41 PM
This is the kind of stupidity that makes you wonder if the people dealing with the internet regulations and policy at CCK even know what the internet is.
-- Erik Hersman
Ushahidi | iHub | BRCK@WhiteAfrican
On Nov 27, 2013, at 8:12 AM, Rad! <conradakunga@gmail.com> wrote: Absolutely absurd if this is in fact true. How does hosting sites locally mitigated against cybercrime?
What business does anyone have dictating to me where i can and can't host my websites?
On Wed, Nov 27, 2013 at 6:35 AM, Ali Hussein <ali@hussein.me.ke> wrote:
Listers
The Communications Commission of Kenya has proposed a licensing condition that may compel Internet service providers (ISPs) to bring websites hosted offshore back to the country in the fight against cyber crime...
http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Corporate-News/CCK-pushes-firms-to-host-w...
I sincerely hope that the DG was somehow misquoted on this story. Whilst its a good idea to host sites locally this in no way stops cybercrime or mitigates it. Infact with the rudimentary security infrastructure most providers have I will be loath to host any site locally leave alone an Ecommerce one locally.
Can government please focus on legislation and regulation instead of butting into my business and telling me where I should host my website??
Ali Hussein
+254 0770 906375 / 0713 601113 "I fear the day technology will surpass human interaction. The world will have a generation of idiots". ~ Albert Einstein
Sent from my iPad _______________________________________________
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KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
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KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
@Walu
This realization in itself will increase self-regulation at User,Content Provider and Operator levels.
You mean censorship? There is only one route to that as the media in this country discovered.. Ali Hussein +254 0770 906375 / 0713 601113 "I fear the day technology will surpass human interaction. The world will have a generation of idiots". ~ Albert Einstein Sent from my iPad
On Nov 28, 2013, at 10:25 AM, Walubengo J <jwalu@yahoo.com> wrote:
@Liko, @Eng Karuiki,
Recall that this local hosting/ cyber security is not my ideal position. Just a consensus understanding I picked from my long online argument on the same with Sammy B.
But maybe we can use the defamation example. If I defamed someone on a blog hosted locally, it is easier to enforce a pull-down order from a local court as oppsed to if the content sits abroad and physically under a different jurisdiction.
Enforcement is therfore easier because one can walk up to the server room and make arrests if the techies decline to implement an order.
This realization in itself will increase self-regulation at User,Content Provider and Operator levels.
my 2pings.
walu.
------------------------------
On Wed, Nov 27, 2013 8:12 PM AST (Arabian) Agosta Liko wrote:
Walu
How does local hosting does give local enforcement (police, prosecution, judiciary) some teeth ?
On Wed, Nov 27, 2013 at 7:46 PM, Walubengo J <jwalu@yahoo.com> wrote:
@WhiteAfrican,
I do get your message. But your language might be considered too strong by @BlackAfrican standard and folks may take offense. Check Ali's post on the same - same message, different words :-)
That said, I think the King @CCK has been caught "naked". Maybe the planned regulation is to make ALL GOVERNMENT data local (which is within the government/regulatory scope to make the call). Or maybe he was misquoted, or maybe I might be trying to hard to do the PR job for CCK...
@Wambua, you have off late gone completely underground?
walu. nb: the benefit of local hosting within the context of cybersecurity was argued on a 1-on-1 between me and Sammy B and we came to some consensus :- that local hosting does give local enforcement (police, prosecution, judiciary) some teeth...and by extension this in itself can act as deterrent against would-be cybercriminals.
I however dont think that this should lead to a decree that everyone MUST host locally because then I will have to give up my jwalu@yahoo.com mail account to avoid hosting my mails abroad :-)
-------------------------------------------- On Wed, 11/27/13, Erik Hersman <erik@zungu.com> wrote:
Subject: Re: [kictanet] CCK PUSHES LOCAL FIRMS TO HOST WEBSITES LOCALLY To: jwalu@yahoo.com Cc: "KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions" <kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke> Date: Wednesday, November 27, 2013, 4:41 PM
This is the kind of stupidity that makes you wonder if the people dealing with the internet regulations and policy at CCK even know what the internet is.
-- Erik Hersman
Ushahidi | iHub | BRCK@WhiteAfrican
On Nov 27, 2013, at 8:12 AM, Rad! <conradakunga@gmail.com> wrote: Absolutely absurd if this is in fact true. How does hosting sites locally mitigated against cybercrime?
What business does anyone have dictating to me where i can and can't host my websites?
On Wed, Nov 27, 2013 at 6:35 AM, Ali Hussein <ali@hussein.me.ke> wrote:
Listers
The Communications Commission of Kenya has proposed a licensing condition that may compel Internet service providers (ISPs) to bring websites hosted offshore back to the country in the fight against cyber crime...
http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Corporate-News/CCK-pushes-firms-to-host-w...
I sincerely hope that the DG was somehow misquoted on this story. Whilst its a good idea to host sites locally this in no way stops cybercrime or mitigates it. Infact with the rudimentary security infrastructure most providers have I will be loath to host any site locally leave alone an Ecommerce one locally.
Can government please focus on legislation and regulation instead of butting into my business and telling me where I should host my website??
Ali Hussein
+254 0770 906375 / 0713 601113 "I fear the day technology will surpass human interaction. The world will have a generation of idiots". ~ Albert Einstein
Sent from my iPad _______________________________________________
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KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
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KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
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KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.
This is what Walu is talking about, it's easier to enforce LAWFULLY local hosted content than that in the west. See this report from CIPESA. My understanding is Western country companies have a very low opinion on our judicial system. They NEVER obey court orders from these region. http://www.cipesa.org/?wpfb_dl=65 http://www.cipesa.org/2013/09/online-freedoms-under-siege-as-african-countri... Online Freedoms Under Siege as African Countries Seek Social Media Users’ Information Date posted: September 9, 2013 Only a small fraction of requests made by law enforcement officials to Facebook, Google and Twitter for users’ identities or to block content originate from Africa, but there is cause to worry. Facebook, whose popularity across Africa is growing exponentially, lists Botswana, Egypt, Ivory Coast, South Africa, and Uganda among the countries that requested users’ details in the first half of 2013. Meanwhile, last year saw seven African countries ask Google to remove content compared to only one request from the continent – by Libya – in 2010 and 2011. The beauty is that most of those requests were rejected. No African country made a request for user account information either to Google or Twitter in the first half of 2013. *Facebook* In the first half of 2013, Botswana made three requests to Facebook related to seven users. Egypt had eight requests regarding 11 accounts, the Ivory Coast lodged four requests, Uganda one request and South Africa 14 requests on nine users. All requests from Africa were denied. *Table 1: Facebook Data Requests (**By Author from Facebook Global Government Requests Report) <https://www.facebook.com/about/government_requests>* *Country* *Total Requests* *Users/Accounts requested* *Compliance rate* Botswana 3 7 0% Egypt 8 11 Ivory Coast 4 4 Uganda 1 1 South Africa 14 9 *Global Highest* India 3,245 4,144 50% United States of America 11,000 – 12,000 20,000 – 21,000 79% *Google* Eight African countries have made at least one content removal request to Google since 2010. Djibouti’s 2012 request to block YouTube videos containing the movie *Innocence of Muslims* on the grounds of “religious offense” was rejected. But a similar request by Egypt was temporarily complied with, because of the “difficult circumstances” in this country at the time. Meanwhile, a Kenyan request to remove content from blogger, arising out of a court order in a defamation case, was rejected. The Island nation of Mauritius made two content removal requests in the first half of 2012. Both were for reasons of defamation; both were rejected. Madagascar’s two requests were court-mandated on defamation grounds but Google accepted only one. Sierra Leone made one request regarding 60 items on Youtube which it wanted blocked as they portrayed or promoted violence. Google declined the request, which was made by executive not court order. In the first half of 2012, South Africa had three court-ordered removal requests related to 11 items and Google fully complied. In the second half of 2012, Pretoria made three court ordered requests related to eight items and 33% was complied with. All South African requests were related to defamation. Previous Google reports show that in the period July – December 2010, Libya made 68 requests for a total of 203 items to be removed from Youtube. Of these requests, 31% were complied with, either by some or all of the content being removed. In the subsequent six months, Libya’s two requests regarding five items were denied. All of Libya’s requests were not backed by a court order *Twitter* South Sudan, the continent’s youngest nation, is the only African country that made a user information request to Twitter between July and December 2012. Juba’s request was denied. *A Catalogue of Infringements* While only a handful of African countries are making these requests, there is nonetheless evidence of a worrying trend, in which African countries are taking both legal and non-legal measures to curtail the freedoms of individuals to express themselves on the internet. The last year has seen a spiral of activity against online freedom of expression in numerous African countries. In fact, 2013 might go down as a record year in terms of curtails on internet rights on the continent. Gambia has passed a law<http://globalvoicesonline.org/2013/07/12/new-internet-law-in-the-gambia-puts-gag-on-government-criticism/>under which those who publish “false news” online about the government can be handed a 15 year jail term and fined up to US$90,000. Meanwhile, Zambia president Michael Sata’s government in July blocked access to the *Zambian Watchdog *website<http://cpj.org/2013/07/in-zambia-harassment-of-watchdog-site-continues.php>, accusing it of promoting hate speech. Two journalists arrested on suspicion of working with the online publishers were due to appear in court. Another website, *Zambia Reports, was blocked too. *Some observers said blocking the websites was part of the government’s campaign to silence independent critics. Next door in Zimbabwe, security agencies spent several weeks in the run-up to the July 2013 general elections looking for ‘Baba Jukwa’<http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/10178570/Mugabe-hunts-for-internet-mole-Baba-Jukwa-revealing-his-secrets.html>, whose Facebook page published popular exposes of the excesses of President Robert Mugabe’s government. Three weeks before election day, there were reports Mr. Mugabe’s machinery had staked a US$300,000 bounty to unearth the identity of the whistleblower as it moved to block access to the site. There have also been cases of bloggers charged in court in Kenya and others sought by authorities<http://www.nation.co.ke/News/14-bloggers-linked-to-hate-messages/-/1056/1732288/-/cut5kvz/-/index.html>over their Facebook, blogger and Twitter posts, amidst concerns that authorities were infringing citizens’ right to free expression. The country also asked internet intermediaries to monitor their traffic<http://iwpr.net/report-news/tackling-online-hate-speech-kenya>for messages deemed “inflammatory” or “divisive” in a move some observers believed could be an invasion of privacy. Kenya has also ordered the blocking of access to some websites, such as Mashada<http://jameni.com/was-the-government-justified-in-shutting-down-mashada-com/> . Burundi – always a high-flying culprit in clamping on free expression – in May ordered the online newspaper www.iwacu-burundi.org to block readers’ comments for 30 days, after accusing<http://www.trust.org/item/20130531164503-qium7/?source%20=%20hppartner>it of publishing comments that violated media law on “national unity, public order and security, inciting ethnic hatred, defending criminal activity and insulting the head of state.” Perhaps more than any other country in Africa, Ethiopia regularly blocks websites, undertakes surveillance of websites and social media, and charges journalists over content published offline and online. In May 2013, the Supreme Court upheld the conviction and 18-year prison sentence for journalist and blogger Eskinder Nega<http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/voices-in-danger-jailed-for-18-years-for-criticising-ethiopias-government-journalist-eskinder-nega-vows-to-keep-fighting-8644555.html>, convicted last year of “terrorism acts” related to his writing. The state-run telecom monopoly Ethiopia Telecom has for many years been used to filter content<https://opennet.net/blog/2012/11/update-information-controls-ethiopia>and hundreds of websites remain blocked. These include blogs and websites of a number of recently convicted individuals, news organisations, political parties, bloggers, and international organisations. In Uganda, where authorities have in the past ordered internet service providers to block access to certain websites and services, the government announced<http://www.cipesa.org/2013/06/ugandas-assurances-on-social-media-monitoring-ring-hollow/>it would form a social media monitoring center “to weed out those who use this media to damage the government and people’s reputations” and also targeted at those “bent to cause a security threat to the nation.” Many other countries on the continent have variously interfered with citizen’s internet rights – many times unjustifiably. The number of requests made by African countries is therefore not reflective of the state of online freedom on the continent. This is because most governments have unilateral means of dealing with situations they do not like, without going through multilateral intermediaries. As we are witnessing, they can enact national legislations, issue uncontested orders to local intermediaries, or use extra-legal measures. With more people on the continent getting online (mobile penetration in Africa stands at 63%, internet usage at 16% of the population), governments are likely to infringe more on citizens’ online freedoms. A challenge then is to promote awareness about protecting and promoting online freedoms. There is also a need to continuously promote responsible user behaviour online, as not all state efforts to monitor citizens’ actions online are unjustifiable. Download the full OpenNet Africa Brief here<http://www.cipesa.org/?wpfb_dl=65> . To learn more about CIPESA’s OpenNet Africa project and its monitoring of online freedoms, or to share an idea or report a violation, write to: programmes@cipesa.org. ______________________ Mwendwa Kivuva, Nairobi, Kenya. twitter.com/lordmwesh google ID | Skype ID: lordmwesh On 28 November 2013 02:59, Ali Hussein <ali@hussein.me.ke> wrote:
@Walu
This realization in itself will increase self-regulation at User,Content Provider and Operator levels.
You mean censorship?
There is only one route to that as the media in this country discovered..
Ali Hussein
+254 0770 906375 / 0713 601113
"I fear the day technology will surpass human interaction. The world will have a generation of idiots". ~ Albert Einstein
Sent from my iPad
On Nov 28, 2013, at 10:25 AM, Walubengo J <jwalu@yahoo.com> wrote:
@Liko, @Eng Karuiki,
Recall that this local hosting/ cyber security is not my ideal position. Just a consensus understanding I picked from my long online argument on the same with Sammy B.
But maybe we can use the defamation example. If I defamed someone on a blog hosted locally, it is easier to enforce a pull-down order from a local court as oppsed to if the content sits abroad and physically under a different jurisdiction.
Enforcement is therfore easier because one can walk up to the server room and make arrests if the techies decline to implement an order.
This realization in itself will increase self-regulation at User,Content Provider and Operator levels.
my 2pings.
walu.
------------------------------ On Wed, Nov 27, 2013 8:12 PM AST (Arabian) Agosta Liko wrote:
Walu
How does local hosting does give local enforcement (police, prosecution,
judiciary) some teeth ?
On Wed, Nov 27, 2013 at 7:46 PM, Walubengo J <jwalu@yahoo.com> wrote:
@WhiteAfrican,
I do get your message. But your language might be considered too strong
by @BlackAfrican standard and folks may take offense. Check Ali's post on
the same - same message, different words :-)
That said, I think the King @CCK has been caught "naked". Maybe the
planned regulation is to make ALL GOVERNMENT data local (which is within
the government/regulatory scope to make the call). Or maybe he was
misquoted, or maybe I might be trying to hard to do the PR job for CCK...
@Wambua, you have off late gone completely underground?
walu.
nb: the benefit of local hosting within the context of cybersecurity was
argued on a 1-on-1 between me and Sammy B and we came to some consensus :-
that local hosting does give local enforcement (police, prosecution,
judiciary) some teeth...and by extension this in itself can act as
deterrent against would-be cybercriminals.
I however dont think that this should lead to a decree that everyone MUST
host locally because then I will have to give up my jwalu@yahoo.com mail
account to avoid hosting my mails abroad :-)
--------------------------------------------
On Wed, 11/27/13, Erik Hersman <erik@zungu.com> wrote:
Subject: Re: [kictanet] CCK PUSHES LOCAL FIRMS TO HOST WEBSITES LOCALLY
To: jwalu@yahoo.com
Cc: "KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions" <kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke>
Date: Wednesday, November 27, 2013, 4:41 PM
This is the kind of
stupidity that makes you wonder if the people dealing with
the internet regulations and policy at CCK even know what
the internet is.
--
Erik Hersman
Ushahidi | iHub | BRCK@WhiteAfrican
On Nov 27, 2013, at 8:12 AM, Rad!
<conradakunga@gmail.com>
wrote:
Absolutely absurd if this is in
fact true.
How does hosting sites locally mitigated against
cybercrime?
What business does anyone have dictating to me
where i can and can't host my websites?
On Wed, Nov 27, 2013 at
6:35 AM, Ali Hussein <ali@hussein.me.ke>
wrote:
Listers
The Communications
Commission of Kenya has proposed a licensing condition that
may compel Internet service providers (ISPs) to bring
websites hosted offshore back to the country in the fight
against cyber crime...
http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Corporate-News/CCK-pushes-firms-to-host-w...
I sincerely hope that the DG was
somehow misquoted on this story. Whilst its a good idea to
host sites locally this in no way stops cybercrime or
mitigates it. Infact with the rudimentary security
infrastructure most providers have I will be loath to host
any site locally leave alone an Ecommerce one
locally.
Can government please focus on
legislation and regulation instead of butting into my
business and telling me where I should host my website??
Ali Hussein
+254 0770 906375 / 0713
601113
"I fear the day technology will
surpass human interaction. The world will have a generation
of idiots". ~ Albert Einstein
Sent from my iPad
_______________________________________________
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https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/conradakunga%40gmail.c...
The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a
multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions
interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. The
network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT
sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth
and development.
KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable
behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect
people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't
flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam,
do not market your wares or qualifications.
_______________________________________________
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The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a
multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions
interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. The
network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT
sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth
and development.
KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable
behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect
people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't
flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam,
do not market your wares or
qualifications.
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interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. The
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Walu You have just explained the biggest risk when it comes to local hosting and in most cases getting a .co.ke On Thu, Nov 28, 2013 at 12:14 PM, Kivuva <Kivuva@transworldafrica.com>wrote:
This is what Walu is talking about, it's easier to enforce LAWFULLY local hosted content than that in the west. See this report from CIPESA.
My understanding is Western country companies have a very low opinion on our judicial system. They NEVER obey court orders from these region.
http://www.cipesa.org/?wpfb_dl=65
http://www.cipesa.org/2013/09/online-freedoms-under-siege-as-african-countri... Online Freedoms Under Siege as African Countries Seek Social Media Users’ Information
Date posted: September 9, 2013
Only a small fraction of requests made by law enforcement officials to Facebook, Google and Twitter for users’ identities or to block content originate from Africa, but there is cause to worry.
Facebook, whose popularity across Africa is growing exponentially, lists Botswana, Egypt, Ivory Coast, South Africa, and Uganda among the countries that requested users’ details in the first half of 2013. Meanwhile, last year saw seven African countries ask Google to remove content compared to only one request from the continent – by Libya – in 2010 and 2011. The beauty is that most of those requests were rejected.
No African country made a request for user account information either to Google or Twitter in the first half of 2013.
*Facebook*
In the first half of 2013, Botswana made three requests to Facebook related to seven users. Egypt had eight requests regarding 11 accounts, the Ivory Coast lodged four requests, Uganda one request and South Africa 14 requests on nine users. All requests from Africa were denied.
*Table 1: Facebook Data Requests (**By Author from Facebook Global Government Requests Report) <https://www.facebook.com/about/government_requests>* *Country* *Total Requests* *Users/Accounts requested* *Compliance rate* Botswana 3 7 0% Egypt 8 11 Ivory Coast 4 4 Uganda 1 1 South Africa 14 9 *Global Highest* India 3,245 4,144 50% United States of America 11,000 – 12,000 20,000 – 21,000 79%
*Google*
Eight African countries have made at least one content removal request to Google since 2010. Djibouti’s 2012 request to block YouTube videos containing the movie *Innocence of Muslims* on the grounds of “religious offense” was rejected. But a similar request by Egypt was temporarily complied with, because of the “difficult circumstances” in this country at the time.
Meanwhile, a Kenyan request to remove content from blogger, arising out of a court order in a defamation case, was rejected. The Island nation of Mauritius made two content removal requests in the first half of 2012. Both were for reasons of defamation; both were rejected. Madagascar’s two requests were court-mandated on defamation grounds but Google accepted only one. Sierra Leone made one request regarding 60 items on Youtube which it wanted blocked as they portrayed or promoted violence. Google declined the request, which was made by executive not court order.
In the first half of 2012, South Africa had three court-ordered removal requests related to 11 items and Google fully complied. In the second half of 2012, Pretoria made three court ordered requests related to eight items and 33% was complied with. All South African requests were related to defamation.
Previous Google reports show that in the period July – December 2010, Libya made 68 requests for a total of 203 items to be removed from Youtube. Of these requests, 31% were complied with, either by some or all of the content being removed. In the subsequent six months, Libya’s two requests regarding five items were denied. All of Libya’s requests were not backed by a court order
*Twitter*
South Sudan, the continent’s youngest nation, is the only African country that made a user information request to Twitter between July and December 2012. Juba’s request was denied.
*A Catalogue of Infringements* While only a handful of African countries are making these requests, there is nonetheless evidence of a worrying trend, in which African countries are taking both legal and non-legal measures to curtail the freedoms of individuals to express themselves on the internet.
The last year has seen a spiral of activity against online freedom of expression in numerous African countries. In fact, 2013 might go down as a record year in terms of curtails on internet rights on the continent.
Gambia has passed a law<http://globalvoicesonline.org/2013/07/12/new-internet-law-in-the-gambia-puts-gag-on-government-criticism/>under which those who publish “false news” online about the government can be handed a 15 year jail term and fined up to US$90,000. Meanwhile, Zambia president Michael Sata’s government in July blocked access to the *Zambian Watchdog *website<http://cpj.org/2013/07/in-zambia-harassment-of-watchdog-site-continues.php>, accusing it of promoting hate speech. Two journalists arrested on suspicion of working with the online publishers were due to appear in court. Another website, *Zambia Reports, was blocked too. *Some observers said blocking the websites was part of the government’s campaign to silence independent critics.
Next door in Zimbabwe, security agencies spent several weeks in the run-up to the July 2013 general elections looking for ‘Baba Jukwa’<http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/10178570/Mugabe-hunts-for-internet-mole-Baba-Jukwa-revealing-his-secrets.html>, whose Facebook page published popular exposes of the excesses of President Robert Mugabe’s government. Three weeks before election day, there were reports Mr. Mugabe’s machinery had staked a US$300,000 bounty to unearth the identity of the whistleblower as it moved to block access to the site.
There have also been cases of bloggers charged in court in Kenya and others sought by authorities<http://www.nation.co.ke/News/14-bloggers-linked-to-hate-messages/-/1056/1732288/-/cut5kvz/-/index.html>over their Facebook, blogger and Twitter posts, amidst concerns that authorities were infringing citizens’ right to free expression. The country also asked internet intermediaries to monitor their traffic<http://iwpr.net/report-news/tackling-online-hate-speech-kenya>for messages deemed “inflammatory” or “divisive” in a move some observers believed could be an invasion of privacy. Kenya has also ordered the blocking of access to some websites, such as Mashada<http://jameni.com/was-the-government-justified-in-shutting-down-mashada-com/> .
Burundi – always a high-flying culprit in clamping on free expression – in May ordered the online newspaper www.iwacu-burundi.org to block readers’ comments for 30 days, after accusing<http://www.trust.org/item/20130531164503-qium7/?source%20=%20hppartner>it of publishing comments that violated media law on “national unity, public order and security, inciting ethnic hatred, defending criminal activity and insulting the head of state.”
Perhaps more than any other country in Africa, Ethiopia regularly blocks websites, undertakes surveillance of websites and social media, and charges journalists over content published offline and online. In May 2013, the Supreme Court upheld the conviction and 18-year prison sentence for journalist and blogger Eskinder Nega<http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/voices-in-danger-jailed-for-18-years-for-criticising-ethiopias-government-journalist-eskinder-nega-vows-to-keep-fighting-8644555.html>, convicted last year of “terrorism acts” related to his writing. The state-run telecom monopoly Ethiopia Telecom has for many years been used to filter content<https://opennet.net/blog/2012/11/update-information-controls-ethiopia>and hundreds of websites remain blocked. These include blogs and websites of a number of recently convicted individuals, news organisations, political parties, bloggers, and international organisations.
In Uganda, where authorities have in the past ordered internet service providers to block access to certain websites and services, the government announced<http://www.cipesa.org/2013/06/ugandas-assurances-on-social-media-monitoring-ring-hollow/>it would form a social media monitoring center “to weed out those who use this media to damage the government and people’s reputations” and also targeted at those “bent to cause a security threat to the nation.” Many other countries on the continent have variously interfered with citizen’s internet rights – many times unjustifiably.
The number of requests made by African countries is therefore not reflective of the state of online freedom on the continent. This is because most governments have unilateral means of dealing with situations they do not like, without going through multilateral intermediaries. As we are witnessing, they can enact national legislations, issue uncontested orders to local intermediaries, or use extra-legal measures.
With more people on the continent getting online (mobile penetration in Africa stands at 63%, internet usage at 16% of the population), governments are likely to infringe more on citizens’ online freedoms. A challenge then is to promote awareness about protecting and promoting online freedoms. There is also a need to continuously promote responsible user behaviour online, as not all state efforts to monitor citizens’ actions online are unjustifiable.
Download the full OpenNet Africa Brief here<http://www.cipesa.org/?wpfb_dl=65> .
To learn more about CIPESA’s OpenNet Africa project and its monitoring of online freedoms, or to share an idea or report a violation, write to: programmes@cipesa.org.
______________________ Mwendwa Kivuva, Nairobi, Kenya. twitter.com/lordmwesh google ID | Skype ID: lordmwesh
On 28 November 2013 02:59, Ali Hussein <ali@hussein.me.ke> wrote:
@Walu
This realization in itself will increase self-regulation at User,Content Provider and Operator levels.
You mean censorship?
There is only one route to that as the media in this country discovered..
Ali Hussein
+254 0770 906375 / 0713 601113
"I fear the day technology will surpass human interaction. The world will have a generation of idiots". ~ Albert Einstein
Sent from my iPad
On Nov 28, 2013, at 10:25 AM, Walubengo J <jwalu@yahoo.com> wrote:
@Liko, @Eng Karuiki,
Recall that this local hosting/ cyber security is not my ideal position. Just a consensus understanding I picked from my long online argument on the same with Sammy B.
But maybe we can use the defamation example. If I defamed someone on a blog hosted locally, it is easier to enforce a pull-down order from a local court as oppsed to if the content sits abroad and physically under a different jurisdiction.
Enforcement is therfore easier because one can walk up to the server room and make arrests if the techies decline to implement an order.
This realization in itself will increase self-regulation at User,Content Provider and Operator levels.
my 2pings.
walu.
------------------------------ On Wed, Nov 27, 2013 8:12 PM AST (Arabian) Agosta Liko wrote:
Walu
How does local hosting does give local enforcement (police, prosecution,
judiciary) some teeth ?
On Wed, Nov 27, 2013 at 7:46 PM, Walubengo J <jwalu@yahoo.com> wrote:
@WhiteAfrican,
I do get your message. But your language might be considered too strong
by @BlackAfrican standard and folks may take offense. Check Ali's post on
the same - same message, different words :-)
That said, I think the King @CCK has been caught "naked". Maybe the
planned regulation is to make ALL GOVERNMENT data local (which is within
the government/regulatory scope to make the call). Or maybe he was
misquoted, or maybe I might be trying to hard to do the PR job for CCK...
@Wambua, you have off late gone completely underground?
walu.
nb: the benefit of local hosting within the context of cybersecurity was
argued on a 1-on-1 between me and Sammy B and we came to some consensus :-
that local hosting does give local enforcement (police, prosecution,
judiciary) some teeth...and by extension this in itself can act as
deterrent against would-be cybercriminals.
I however dont think that this should lead to a decree that everyone MUST
host locally because then I will have to give up my jwalu@yahoo.com mail
account to avoid hosting my mails abroad :-)
--------------------------------------------
On Wed, 11/27/13, Erik Hersman <erik@zungu.com> wrote:
Subject: Re: [kictanet] CCK PUSHES LOCAL FIRMS TO HOST WEBSITES LOCALLY
To: jwalu@yahoo.com
Cc: "KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions" <kictanet@lists.kictanet.or.ke>
Date: Wednesday, November 27, 2013, 4:41 PM
This is the kind of
stupidity that makes you wonder if the people dealing with
the internet regulations and policy at CCK even know what
the internet is.
--
Erik Hersman
Ushahidi | iHub | BRCK@WhiteAfrican
On Nov 27, 2013, at 8:12 AM, Rad!
<conradakunga@gmail.com>
wrote:
Absolutely absurd if this is in
fact true.
How does hosting sites locally mitigated against
cybercrime?
What business does anyone have dictating to me
where i can and can't host my websites?
On Wed, Nov 27, 2013 at
6:35 AM, Ali Hussein <ali@hussein.me.ke>
wrote:
Listers
The Communications
Commission of Kenya has proposed a licensing condition that
may compel Internet service providers (ISPs) to bring
websites hosted offshore back to the country in the fight
against cyber crime...
http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Corporate-News/CCK-pushes-firms-to-host-w...
I sincerely hope that the DG was
somehow misquoted on this story. Whilst its a good idea to
host sites locally this in no way stops cybercrime or
mitigates it. Infact with the rudimentary security
infrastructure most providers have I will be loath to host
any site locally leave alone an Ecommerce one
locally.
Can government please focus on
legislation and regulation instead of butting into my
business and telling me where I should host my website??
Ali Hussein
+254 0770 906375 / 0713
601113
"I fear the day technology will
surpass human interaction. The world will have a generation
of idiots". ~ Albert Einstein
Sent from my iPad
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participants (4)
-
Agosta Liko -
Ali Hussein -
Kivuva -
Walubengo J