Market failures are often associated with time-inconsistent preferences,^[5] information asymmetries,^[6] non-competitive markets,principal–agent problems, externalities,^[7] or public goods.^[8] The existence of a market failure is often the reason for government intervention in a particular market.^[9][10] Economists, especially microeconomists, are often concerned with the causes of market failure and possible means of correction.^[11] Such analysis plays an important role in many types of public policy decisions and studies. However, some types of government policy interventions, such as taxes, subsidies, bailouts, wage and price controls, and regulations, including attempts to correct market failure, may also lead to an inefficient allocation of resources, sometimes called government failure.^[12] Thus, there is sometimes a choice between imperfect outcomes, i.e. imperfect market outcomes with or without government interventions. But either way, if a market failure exists the outcome is not Pareto efficient. Mainstream neoclassical and Keynesian economists believe that it may be possible for a government to improve the inefficient market outcome, while several heterodox schools of thought disagree with this.^[13]

While Creative Destruction alludes to free-market economics as a description of processes such as downsizing in order to increase the efficiency and dynamism of a company or economy.

The case of Orange and yu in my humble opinion is the stuff of Business School studies at Strathmore and others for years to come.

The questions that the country now needs to ask include:-

1. How will the demise of two major multinationals in Kenya going to affect the country's FDI outlook? Kenya is quickly gaining a reputation as a graveyard for MNCs who come here without appreciating the GLOCAL Principle.

2. What are the market dynamics that are going to be unleashed by a a defacto duopoly that now exists?

3. What impact will it have going forward on the attractiveness of Kenya as a destination for tech giants and Startups alike?

4. Is the regulatory environment being optimally executed to protect both investors and consumers alike? 

5. Lastly - the more things change the more they remain the same? Seriously. The way this is going I won't be surprised if Airtel also throws in the towel seeing as they haven't turned a profit since their entry into the country.