Dropping the ties that bind – how Africa can help itself to get lower
bandwidth prices

In Kenya two international cables – Seacom and TEAMS – have arrived but a
fierce row has broken out over pricing. On the Government-backed TEAMS
cable, Permanent Secretary Bitange Ndemo has said loudly and publicly that
rates should come down to nearer US$200 per mbps. The cable’s owners say
they have to recoup their money and that there will plenty of time later
for prices to come down. Russell Southwood looks at some of the blockages
to the benefits the international cables might bring and how they might be
overcome.

By 2011, Africa will have eight international fibre cables connecting it
to the rest of the world. New infrastructure is already delivering an
eight to ten fold reduction in the prices formerly charged by the
satellite companies. But the old African mindset of “selling shortage at
the highest price” is not changing quickly enough to keep up with the new
future of plentiful bandwidth. A number of blockages are emerging that
need to be overcome if Africa is to take full advantage of its new fibre
assets:

* Holding bandwidth prices up

We have sat in rooms with bandwidth providers in at least two countries
where they have argued that the new international fibre will not make that
much difference to the prices charged to their customers. Indeed, the
first move of many of the providers was to simply increase (rather
modestly) the bandwidth their customers were receiving, whilst keeping the
price the same.

So the new cable owners find themselves arguing what might be called the
“SAT position”. When the cable is being built, all the rhetoric is about
lowering prices but the moment the cable is implemented, it suddenly
becomes about getting back the money as quickly as possible for their
investment, despite the long-term nature of cable investment.

Telkom SA claimed to have recouped its investment on SAT3 in eighteen
months but it is unlikely with the new lower rates that cable investors
will see a full return for a much longer period. Apparently CCK is so
cross with this switchover from promising lowered bandwidth costs to
trying to keep the price high that it will be investigating price levels
on the TEAMS cable.

However, all this price-hiking is short-term as with the arrival of EASSy
and its WIOCC consortium, prices will fall sharply again. If that has not
occurred WIOCC has a price-fall mechanism that will see bandwidth in the
market fall to US$100 per mbps. In East Africa, there has been a lively
debate over pricing but expect the same price-hiking tactics in West
Africa where media coverage may not be as intense.

* Not granting international landing station licences

One of the major issues in West Africa has been the granting, or perhaps
we should say the failure, to grant international landing station rights
to those building the new international fibre cables. How can this be
occurring when everyone at every level has been arguing for cheaper
bandwidth? Well, it’s the old self-interests being more powerful than the
forces for change and everyone behaving according to the old model of
behaviour and protecting the incumbent.

The most extreme example is Senegal where the regulator has delayed
granting landing stations to the cables most likely to be first in the
race to complete: Glo One and Main One. In more competitive East Africa,
the independently-owned Seacom cable was able to either partner with
another independent (KDN) or land using a licence in its own name in
Tanzania.

But life has not been made that easy in Senegal where Main One is seeking
to partner with the only possible alternative to France Telecom-owned
Sonatel, Expresso. There is no opportunity to have an independent licence
because this might make it too easy to compete with the de-facto monopoly
of Sonatel, which is involved in the France Telecom cable initiative ACE.
But why blame the regulator when the real delay is coming from Government
that takes all the decisions?

The cynic might conclude that these delays will help Sonatel get ACE in
place and keep out other cables for as long as possible. Of course, the
speedy licensing of Glo One and Main One would prove the cynics wrong but
don’t hold your breath.

* Rates between landlocked countries

Once the new cheap bandwidth is at the landing stations, the trouble
really begins. Operators do much “teeth-sucking” and say “of course, you
know that’s not the real price. We have to charge for transit.”

In countries without a landing station, this leaves them in the hands of
those accustomed to the old way of doing things. When incumbents dealt
only with incumbents for cross-border transit, they both had an informal
agreement that they would charge the same high price for each end of the
transit. The net result is that prices for cross-border transit remain
high. One country we visited recently, it was paying more for the transit
to the landing station in a neighbouring country than it was for the
onward transmission to Europe.

In East Africa, this is less of a problem as some thought was devoted to
the issue and solutions are on the table. With World Bank prompting, the
EASSy partners came up with the East African Backbone System that delivers
inland bandwidth at more or less the same priceas at the landing station.
Seacom has also delivered on its promise of the same price inland as at
the landing station for those countries where it has inland partner
(Rwanda and Uganda).

But the problem will be much harder to solve in West Africa as the main
independent cable Main One has taken the view that its capacity will be
delivered by the operators themselves, who will doubtless turn every trick
in the book to ensure that prices remain high for the transit portion.

What regulators should be encouraging is regional carriers’ carriers who
can compete with the existing telcos who might seek to keep prices high.
The West African and Southern African Power Pools have ample fibre
capacity to make a reality of this ambition working with independent
partners.

* The high cost of national transit to reach the POP or the landing station

If cross-border transit rates are a form of highway robbery, then national
transit rates show many of the same symptoms. It is cheaper to go from
Lagos to Sessimbra in Portugal than it is to go from Lagos to Abajua. If
rates are based on distance, then the new international fibre cables have
exposed the high rates charged for national backbone delivery.

Not surprisingly, these national transit rates remain high where there are
legal or de-facto monopolies. Without competition, it is hardly surprising
that the old pattern of charging what you can get away with is maintained.
But you cannot have competition at the international level, without it
having knock-on consequences at the national level.

National backbone operators will need to improve their efficiency levels
or risk others building out their own backbones (where this is allowed).
All operators know that in this circumstance they can cut between a third
to a half off of the current rates being charged. The choice is a stark
one: either you have a price-controlled monopoly with lower prices or you
allow operators to compete and get lower prices.

The sceptics will say “But who wants all this new bandwidth? There aren’t
the customers. (appropriate shrug of shoulders) This is Africa.” The
alternative to this old way of thinking is to have a “low price, high
volume” strategy that is about creating volume markets at yes, you guessed
it, commodity prices. Then you sell the new customers services and
applications on top. In the mobile field, MPesa is the best example of how
an Africa-targeted service can take off.

It’s not about relying on the “same old, same old corporates” but about
addressing the residential middle classes with Internet in places like
Nigeria and Kenya who will provide the “critical mass” for reaching out
more widely. It’s about bringing the small-scale companies and NGOs to the
party and persuading them of the virtues of using the Internet to get
things done more quickly. In short, it needs a strong dose of corporate
vision rather than seeing the future through the rear-view mirror of
history.

nb: sorry for crossposting....

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