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Mobile Roaming Charges in UE to be abolished in 2015
by Vitalis Olunga 03 Apr '14

03 Apr '14

This could be of interest. http://www.mobileworldlive.com/european-parliament-backs-telecoms-reform-pa… A similar effort is taking shape in Southern Africa Development Community (SADC). Can this could be replicated in other regions in Africa, specifically EAC. Regards Vitalis Vital Networks limited

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Government Self-appraisal - ICT report?
by Walubengo J 03 Apr '14

03 Apr '14

I missed the CS / PS presentation on what the Jubilee govt has achieved over the last one year in the digital space. Anyone with a document on the same? CS Matiang'i? PS Tiampati? Plse share. I wish to interrogate and understand the same. walu.

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35 U.S. Senators led by John Thune and Marco Rubio demand answers on ICANN transition
by Michael Bullut 03 Apr '14

03 Apr '14

Greetings Listers, An interesting read *here. <http://domainingafrica.com/35-u-s-senators-led-by-john-thune-and-marco-rubi…>* *Apologies for cross-posting!* Warm regards, Michael Bullut. --- *Cell:* *+254 723 393 114.**Skype Name:* *Michael Bullut.* *Twitter:* * @Kipsang <http://twitter.com/Kipsang/> * *Blog: http://www.kipsang.com/ <http://www.kipsang.com/>* *E-mail:* *main(a)kipsang.com <main(a)kipsang.com>* *---*

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Orange and yu exit: Market Failure or Creative Destruction (Capitalism Style)?
by Ali Hussein 02 Apr '14

02 Apr '14

Listers Jaindi Kisero's article on the imminent departure (demise?) of two telcos in Kenya make compelling reading. http://www.nation.co.ke/oped/Opinion/mobile-phone-firm-pullout-market-failu… The article basically explores the possibility that market failure is what we are experiencing in Kenya. According to Wikipedia Market Failure is a concept within economic theory describing when the allocation of goods and services by a free market is not efficient. That is, there exists another conceivable outcome where a market participant may be made better-off without making someone else worse-off. (The outcome is not Pareto optimal.) Market failures can be viewed as scenarios where individuals' pursuit of pure self-interest leads to results that are not efficient – that can be improved upon from the societal point-of-view.[1][2] The first known use of the term by economists was in 1958,[3] but the concept has been traced back to the Victorian philosopher Henry Sidgwick.[4] Market failures are often associated with time-inconsistent preferences,[5] information asymmetries,[6] non-competitive markets,principal–agent problems, externalities,[7] or public goods.[8] The existence of a market failure is often the reason for government intervention in a particular market.[9][10] Economists, especially microeconomists, are often concerned with the causes of market failure and possible means of correction.[11] Such analysis plays an important role in many types of public policy decisions and studies. However, some types of government policy interventions, such as taxes, subsidies, bailouts, wage and price controls, and regulations, including attempts to correct market failure, may also lead to an inefficient allocation of resources, sometimes called government failure.[12] Thus, there is sometimes a choice between imperfect outcomes, i.e. imperfect market outcomes with or without government interventions. But either way, if a market failure exists the outcome is not Pareto efficient. Mainstream neoclassical and Keynesian economists believe that it may be possible for a government to improve the inefficient market outcome, while several heterodox schools of thought disagree with this.[13] While Creative Destruction alludes to free-market economics as a description of processes such as downsizing in order to increase the efficiency and dynamism of a company or economy. The case of Orange and yu in my humble opinion is the stuff of Business School studies at Strathmore and others for years to come. The questions that the country now needs to ask include:- 1. How will the demise of two major multinationals in Kenya going to affect the country's FDI outlook? Kenya is quickly gaining a reputation as a graveyard for MNCs who come here without appreciating the GLOCAL Principle. 2. What are the market dynamics that are going to be unleashed by a a defacto duopoly that now exists? 3. What impact will it have going forward on the attractiveness of Kenya as a destination for tech giants and Startups alike? 4. Is the regulatory environment being optimally executed to protect both investors and consumers alike? 5. Lastly - the more things change the more they remain the same? Seriously. The way this is going I won't be surprised if Airtel also throws in the towel seeing as they haven't turned a profit since their entry into the country. Ali Hussein +254 0770 906375 / 0713 601113 Twitter: @AliHKassim Skype: abu-jomo LinkedIn: http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim Blog: www.alyhussein.com "I fear the day technology will surpass human interaction. The world will have a generation of idiots". ~ Albert Einstein Sent from my iPad

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McKinsey-Lions go digital: The Internet's transformative potential in Africa
by Gideon 02 Apr '14

02 Apr '14

McKinsey: Kenya and Senegal lead on Internet's contribution to overall GDP in Africa (iGDP) - See more at: http://dotafrica.mobi/mckinsey-kenya-senegal-lead-internets-contribution-gd… GIdeon Rop DotConnectAfrica

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Construction at Konza City to start in three months time
by Grace Githaiga 01 Apr '14

01 Apr '14

Construction at Konza City, Kenya’s pioneer technopolis, is expected to start in the next three months.The chairman of the Konza Technopolis Development Authority (Kotda) John Ngumi said companies are waiting for an ongoing survey to be completed to start construction of infrastructure. http://www.nation.co.ke/business/Construction-at-Konza-City-to-start-in-thr…

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Fwd: [AfrICANN-discuss] 42 fellows for the ICANN 50 meeting - 42 boursiers pour la 50ème réunion de l'ICANN
by Bob Omondi 31 Mar '14

31 Mar '14

Just in case you have not seen this... Regards Bob. ---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: Yaovi Atohoun <yaovi.atohoun(a)icann.org> Date: Mon, Mar 31, 2014 at 9:00 PM Subject: [AfrICANN-discuss] 42 fellows for the ICANN 50 meeting - 42 boursiers pour la 50ème réunion de l'ICANN To: AfrICANN list <africann(a)afrinic.net> Dear all (Français plus bas) 42 fellows from 34 countries have been selected to participate in ICANN's Fellowship program at the 50th Public Meeting in London, 22-26 June 2014. More informagtion at http://www.icann.org/en/news/announcements/announcement-31mar14-en.htm The 51st ICANN meeting in Los Angeles to be held 12-16 October 2014 - Application Round opens: 18 April 2014 at 23:59 UTC - Application Round closes: 2 June 2014 at 23:59 UTC - Selected Fellows announced: 14 July 2014 Thanks ----------- Bonjour à tous, 42 boursiers provenant de 34 pays ont été sélectionnés pour participer à la 50ème réunion de L'ICANN qui aura lieu à Londres du 22 au 26 Juin 2014. Plus d'information sur l'annonce à l'adresse http://www.icann.org/en/news/announcements/announcement-31mar14-en.htm La 51ème réunion de l'ICANN aura lieu à Los Angeles du 12 au 16 Octobre 2014 La réception des demandes de bourses commence le 18 Avril 2014 à 23:59 UTC Date limite de réception des demandes le 2 juin 2014 à 23:59 UTC Laliste des candidats retenus sera publiée le 14 Juillet 2014 Merci - Yaovi Atohoun Stakeholder Engagement and Operations Manager - Africa ICANN - www.icann.org Mobile : +229 66015649 / 97891228 Skype : yaovi.atohoun.icann _______________________________________________ AfrICANN mailing list AfrICANN(a)afrinic.net https://lists.afrinic.net/mailman/listinfo.cgi/africann

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Re: [kictanet] Appeal Court Decision to anarchic sector
by ICT Researcher 31 Mar '14

31 Mar '14

Using this precedent, what would stop each of every the remainder of television broadcasters also demanding a license? On the grounds that every (corporate) person is equal before the law? Just wondering. ------------------------------ On Sun, Mar 30, 2014 5:32 PM MSKS David Makali wrote: >Wkigunju: So what remedy was offered to PANG?? Purely out of justice and fairness, am curious. I followed the judgment to the end. So the court finds cck was illegal, and its actions null and void, yet riding on the same nullify, the court proceeds to take over the CAK's presumed mandate and, sorry to say but ironically arbitrarily, without complying with any due process (since it had nullified the cck one that awarded pang and signet licenses) proceeds to award the media a license uncompetitively while depriving Pang? Isnt this synonymous with stealing from one and giving to another? Am Damned if this is justice. > >- Makali >This is official mail. If you doubt the content, call back on +254722517540. > >On Mar 30, 2014, at 3:50 PM, "wgikunju(a)gmail.com" <wgikunju(a)gmail.com> wrote: > >> You're spreading false alarm ICT researcher, the Judges offered remedy for PANG, and directed that the government should comply with the Constitution to legally constitute a 'CCK' with authority to regulate the industry. Please read the judgement in full. >> --WG >> -----Original message----- >> From: ICT Researcher >> Sent: 30/03/2014, 3:10 pm >> To: wgikunju(a)gmail.com >> Cc: KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions >> Subject: [kictanet] Appeal Court Decision to anarchic sector >> >> >> Just watching http://www.citizennews.co.ke/news/2012/local/item/18216-appeal-court-orders… >> >> 1. Declared CCK media regulatory role illegal >> 2. Court cancelled licensed earlier issued to PANG >> 3. Court awards 3 a license exempted from competitive bidding process >> 4. Court give license subject to same terms and conditions >> 5. Court rushes next year's switch off date to September this year >> >> Since the court declared CCK illegal, will the same court assume implementation role including migration process? >> >> Foreign investors in Kenya have cause to be very worried. >> >> >> >> >> >> _______________________________________________ >> kictanet mailing list >> kictanet(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke >> https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet >> >> Unsubscribe or change your options at https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/dmakali%40yahoo.com >> >> The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development. >> >> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications. > >_______________________________________________ >kictanet mailing list >kictanet(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke >https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet > >Unsubscribe or change your options at https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/ict.researcher%40yaho… > >The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development. > >KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications.

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Press Release by African Union of the accreditation of DotAfrica
by Auguste K. Yankey 31 Mar '14

31 Mar '14

Thank you for sharing to your various mailing list. With my best regards, 0100101101110111101000101010101100101010100101011000101010001011010001101101001 Auguste YANKEY K. Information Society Div. Dept. of Infrastructure and Energy www.AFRICA-UNION.org<http://www.africa-union.org/> or www.AU.int/infosoc<http://www.au.int/infosoc> P.O.Box 3243, Addis-Ababa, ETHIOPIA E: yankeyka(a)africa-union.org<mailto:[email protected]> E: yankeyka(a)yahoo.fr<mailto:[email protected]> 0100101101110111101000101010101100101010100101011000101010001011010001110111010 Auguste K. Yankey Senior Policy Officer | Infrastructure and Energy Division | African Union Commission Tel: (251) 11 551 77 00 | Fax: (251) 11 551 78 44 | E-mail: YANKEYKA(a)africa-union.org<mailto:[email protected]> | Web:www.au.int<http://www.au.int> Addis Ababa | Ethiopia Disclaimer: This message contains confidential information and is intended only for the recipient . If you are not the intended message recipient you must not disseminate, distribute or copy this e-mail. Please notify the sender immediately by e-mail if you have received this e-mail by mistake and delete this e-mail from your system. E-mail transmission cannot be guaranteed to be secure or error-free as information could be intercepted, corrupted, lost, destroyed, arrive late or incomplete, or contain viruses. The Sender therefore does not accept liability for any errors or omissions in the contents of this message, which arise as a result of e-mail transmission. [cid:[email protected]] Please consider the environment before printing this email message.

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Re: [kictanet] Digital Migration Appeal Court Ruling: COFEK Response
by Wainaina Mungai 31 Mar '14

31 Mar '14

Japheth, The issue is not the "persons" - but more of the regulator as a body/institution needs to be truly independent and free of government control or business owner influences/bullying. The persons occupying the offices must be empowered and protected by the law for us to achieve. *(5) Parliament shall enact legislation that provides for the establishment of a body, which shall--* *(a) be independent of control by **government**, **political interests** or **commercial interests**; *(b) reflect the interests of all sections of the society; and **(c) set media standards and regulate compliance with those standards. Wainaina On Mon, Mar 31, 2014 at 9:39 AM, Consumers Federation of Kenya (COFEK) < hotline(a)cofek.co.ke> wrote: > Great comments, and to the point - wish the "right" people can apply to be > considered as board members of the would be "new" regulator > > > > Japheth > > > > *From:* kictanet [mailto:kictanet-bounces+hotline= > cofek.co.ke(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke] *On Behalf Of *Wyne Bar > *Sent:* Monday, March 31, 2014 9:23 AM > *To:* The Consumers Federation of Kenya (Cofek) > > *Cc:* KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions > *Subject:* Re: [kictanet] Digital Migration Appeal Court Ruling: COFEK > Response > > > > I have kept off this debate because of vested interests by several parties > claiming to be making objective analyses. On this list, there's little, if > any, objectivity in the matter of Signal Distribution licensing and > #DigitalMigrationKE as a whole. I will therefore abstain from making direct > comment on the ruling, STBs, Tenders, BSD licences or the Switch-Off date. > > Instead, I propose we focus on the new regulator. Six years ago, we had a > somewhat related debate (copied below) about Media Owners versus Editorial > Freedom. > > The matter of what really constitutes 'media freedom' came up in 2012/13 > as it did in 2008 around the election period. It came up again during > debates on Media Laws as media owners presented their grievances. We forget > to sort out media regulation in fair weather. > > After the ruling by the Supreme Court enforcing Section 34 of the > Constitution, what we may want to ensure as "Consumers of media", is that > the new regulator will be truly "independent" and yet "powerful"...cannot > be influenced by Media Owners or Government etc and can make & enforce bold > decisions. > > If we get the composition, independence and (power) of the new regulator > wrong, nothing else we debate here about Signal Distribution, investor > protection or consumer rights will be of any consequence in protecting > consumers from rogue media or a rogue government. > > On Broadcasting, the cliché "content is king" still holds and whether or > not BSD licence goes to local private media, the right to > access/rebroadcast their FTA content must remain with the Broadcaster. That > is also true for upcoming content producers who need protection of their > content from other players along the value chain. As we debate the issues, > let us remember there are many players in the Digital Broadcasting value > chain. > > As the ruling has proved, the REGULATOR is a critical player in the > industry. Let us all help to put together a regulator that will guarantee > justice, innovation and all our ICT aspirations as a country. > > **This is my personal position as a Kenyan consumer of media...and my > views do not represent any media house; or group of Broadcasters** > > Have a regulated day, > > Wainaina > > ---------- Forwarded message ---------- > From: Wainaina Mungai <wainaina(a)madeinkenya.org> > Date: Wednesday, February 13, 2008 > Subject: [kictanet] Kenya: The Media is Not Innocent > To: wainaina.mungai(a)gmail.com > Cc: KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions <kictanet(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke> > > > Allow me to re-deflect the issue away from a specific media house and > state the following as a way forward: > > 1. Journalists must work with all Kenyans to make the press free from > undue influence from Media Owners. Press Freedom will not be achieved until > we liberate the journalists from the editorial biases of the media owners. > > 2. Editors must be held responsible when media houses publish/broadcast in > an unethical manner. For this to hold, we must ensure that the media owners > are not the 'final' editors. > > 3. Journalists/reporters have developed a culture of accepting inducements > in order to edit stories as requested. This must be treated as a crime due > to the privileges society accords the press. > > 4. Media houses must employ and retrain qualified and ethical staff. There > must be standards that ensure professionalism. Engineers, Doctors and > others submit to standards that the media continues to dodge. > > 5. Kenya needs a Media Council "with teeth"...that will be a watchdog that > acts in the interest of the public not as a affiliate lobby for Media > Owners. > > The verdict should be a clear message to all of us in the media circles. > It's time to look inwards and liberate the profession of journalism from > the businessmen who own the media houses. > > Wainaina > > > > > On 2/13/08, Wainaina Mungai <wainaina.mungai(a)gmail.com> wrote: > > > > Thanks Farida, > > > > We should not consider the presence of lessos in ballot boxes in Kajiado > or Kamukunji as evidence that your story was true. The pre-marking or > ballots and the lesso story are what would be considered mutually exclusive > events. The use of lessos as indicator of accuracy is at the very least > speculative. The fact that [it is possible] for an election to be stolen > does not mean that and election [will be] stolen. > > > > For KTN/Standard, the more direct issues as you vouch for the integrity > of your story would be: > > > > 1. Did you have [evidence] that the ballot boxes were stuffed with > pre-marked ballot papers? or were you speculating because someone came > forward as a "witness"? > > > > > > 2. Do you believe that the killings of the Administration Police in > Nyanza were a direct result of the story you authorised? If so, what have > you done to at least console the families of the bereaved policemen? > > > > > > 3. Did you have evidence that the Citi Hoppa buses that were carrying > APs to various parts of the country were meant to be used for a rigging > mission? and would you consider that your story was responsible for the > burning of Citi Hoppa buses? > > > > > > Most voters know that ballot boxes are checked before the start of > voting and sealed infront of witnesses (agents, ECK officials etc). It is > therefore unlikely that rigging would only take place is unless there is an > elaborate conspiracy involving [all] officials/agents at a polling station. > > > > Overall, the "vibes" KTN/Standard fraternity must contend with is not > that they are a model of "free press" but that it is biased against the > government or pro-ODM. The vibes stations such as Royal Media, Kameme and > KBC contend with is that they have given Kenyans reason to be seen as > pro-government/PNU. Those are the issues the press must address honestly > and not hide behind tags and clichés such as 'press freedom' and 'muzzling > the press'. > > > > NOTE: I work for a competing media house but that is not my motivation > for the issues i have raised on KTN/Standard. I respect journalists for the > effort that goes into writing even the simplest story. However, I am aware > that media houses and journalists have continued to allow their political > and other biases to influence the way they report stories. > > > > Wainaina > > > > On Feb 14, 2008 12:09 AM, Farida Karoney <fkaroney(a)ktnkenya.com> wrote: > > > > Wainaina > > I personally authorised the story you are blaming KTN for and can vouch > for the integrity of that report any time. If indeed you believe it is not > possible to steal an election, how come that ballot boxes were found with > lessos, and election materials in some polling stations? > > > > We cannot resolve explosive issues by hiding or supressing the truth, > and no one is trying to exonerate the press. Let us not pretend that we do > not know why we are where we are, it is definately not because of KTN or > the Standard Group. > > > > And it is certainly not an academic excercise, afterall most of us do > not have another place to call home except Kenya. Believe me, any Country > which calls itself democratic must be able to live with a free press, no > matter how much of a nuisance it is. > > > > By all means industry players need mechanisms to promote responsible > behaviour in the media but aggression against media houses in light of the > current political crisis is in my opinion misplaced. > > > > regards > > Farida > > > > > > ----- Original Message ----- > > From: Wainaina Mungai > > > > This message was sent to: wainaina(a)madeinkenya.org > > Unsubscribe or change your options at > http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/wainaina%40madeinkenya… > > > > > > -- > > > On Sunday, March 30, 2014, Ngigi Waithaka <ngigi(a)at.co.ke> wrote: > > Guys, > > > > If an organization by the then name of CCK had done its homework and had > greed not been the overriding factor in issuing the Digital Licenses, we > would not be in the mess that we are in today, where Wanjiku has lost big > time. > > > > Any smart person @CCK would have foreseen what has happened the moment > the current broadcasters lost the bid for the digital broadcasting license. > You cannot wish away such a large fish swimming in the pool. The smart > thing would be to work with the big fish as you rear other fish and only > confront the big fish once you have other sizeable fish in that pool. > > > > They say "...The law is an ass..." and I can't think of a more > applicable case than this! > > > > Way forward: > > 1. Issue the local broadcasters the Digital License. This gets them out > of the way > > 2. Issue similar Licenses to Signet and that other Chinese firm > > 3. Get sober minds at CAK. If we don't do this, we wouldn't have a > regulator to talk about in the next couple of months. > > 4. And let the conspicuously absent CS ICT to take charge. There is not > a single *BIG* deal that touches ICT that can go through without hullabaloo! > > > > Exactly whats is hard in doing this? > > > > > > On Sat, Mar 29, 2014 at 11:57 AM, Bernard Kioko [Bernsoft Group] < > bkioko(a)bernsoft.com> wrote: > >> > >> David, > >> > >> > >> > >> You have summarized it well. > >> > >> > >> > >> Perhaps the benefit of what happened yesterday is that at the Supreme > Court, sanity will carry the day without the option of going to any other > court thereafter. It appeared to me like that's the "the plan" . Then > again, is this wishful thinking on my part. > >> > >> > >> > >> Regards > >> > >> > >> > >> From: kictanet [mailto:kictanet-bounces+bkioko= > bernsoft.com(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke] On Behalf Of David Makali > >> Sent: Saturday, March 29, 2014 11:40 AM > >> To: bkioko(a)bernsoft.com > >> Cc: kictanet(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke > >> > >> Subject: Re: [kictanet] Digital Migration Appeal Court Ruling: COFEK > Response > >> > >> > >> > >> The court exceeded its mandate and sowed more confusion: > >> > >> > >> > >> 1. By legitimizing the expectation of the media owners for a license > and proceeding to grant it one uncompetitively. So, why did the const > require vetting of judges who were in office by 2010? They had a legitimate > expectation to continue working into pensionhood, having held their > positions for years. The pt: the constitution erased all preferential > expectations and set a new standard because of grievances over legitimacy > and competence of the status quo. In the case of ICT/ broadcasting, > similar questions lie over the evenness of the ground. The "competitive" > standard in the award of any public resource or positions is to address > such issues. > >> > >> > >> > >> 2. By simply voiding the rights of PANG which had been issued a license > pursuant to a competitive process, however conducted by an "illegal" cck, > and disregarding the injustice and financial consequences of such a > decision. Why uphold the rights of one party and extinguish the rights of > others? The court's Sympathy only seemed to lie on one side for which it > poured out its heart generously, but totally ignored the rights of Pang and > its subscribers. A middle ground position, recognizing the predicament of > the current media investors and a suitable remedy to the injustice it found > committed against them by cck would have sufficed to put the country on a > forward footing. But this? The next Destination seems to be the Supreme > Court, which am afraid is going to be choking soon with many unnecessary > petitions, thanks to the court of appeal's contestable strokes of justice. > Pang, a subscriber, another investors, or even "cofek's" unrecognized > consumers have more than enough ground the way I see it. > >> > >> > >> > >> 3. By failing to admonish the govt for its confused policy (chaotic > really) and confirming how dangerous it is to invest n this country, in ict > particularly, because it has protected investors, and others are secondary > regardless of the processes, which are now routinely reversed. > >> > >> Unsubscribe or change your options at > https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/ngigi%40at.co.ke > >> > >> The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform > for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and > regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT > sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development. > >> > >> KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors > online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, > share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do > not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications. > > > > > > > > -- > > Regards, > > Waithaka Ngigi > > Chief Executive Officer | Alliance Technologies | MCK Nairobi Synod > Building > > T + 254 (0) 20 2333 471 |Office Mobile: +254 786 28 28 28 | M + 254 737 > 811 000 > > www.at.co.ke > > < > https://ci5.googleusercontent.com/proxy/Klzt0M0J4ArCmV6P9nQpTWHWBBTkFaGwX5_… > > > > >

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