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Marching to a different drum – Africa enters the age of mobile content
by alice 10 Nov '07

10 Nov '07

Marching to a different drum – Africa enters the age of mobile content News Update concentrates all its coverage on what happens in Africa. But this week we have to describe events elsewhere because as all too often happens, key decisions that will affect the continent are happening elsewhere. Unless something fairly radical happens in the next 12-18 months, the development of mobile content revenues on the continent will be shaped by the “hand-me-down” attitudes and technologies of others. Russell Southwood seeks to explain. Last week saw two more salvoes fired in the war for mobile operating systems. American advertising and search engine company Google launched its Android operating system in partnership with the Open Handset Alliance and 30 mobile phone makers and interested parties like Qualcomm. But amongst the larger makers, it is working closely with no 2 player Samsung with whom it agreed a deal on mobile tools in January 2007. Google described Android as “all of the software to run a mobile phone, but without the proprietary obstacles that have hindered mobile innovation.” Meanwhile the world’s largest mobile handset manufacturer (Nokia) agreed with the world’s largest mobile phone operator (Vodafone) to launch an integrated suite of Vodafone services combined with Nokia Ovi services on a range of Nokia handsets. A number of these handsets will be exclusive to Vodafone. By all accounts, it improves access to the Nokia Music Store, although Vodafone has its own product, Omnifone MusicStation. Vodafone looks set to take over Vodacom in the not-too-distant future. Meanwhile Symbian, which is already on 165 million handsets worldwide, was dismissive of the Google offering. John Forsyth, Symbian said:”… a mobile OS is a very specialised form of rocket science. It's not search rocket science." However this has not prevented one-time computer company Apple from showing it can deliver this kind of rocket science, so why not Google? Whoever gains dominance in this market and whether the approach is open or closed will affect how mobile content develops in Africa. And it is at this point two key issues coincide for those in Africa who want to develop mobile content revenues. Everyone knows that the mobile phone and not the computer is the continent’s device of choice but this rather masks the considerable variation in phone operating systems, web access availability and just plain old functionality. The average phone on the street is at the bottom end of the range and is really only fit for receiving SMS messages. This brings us to the hoop-la surrounding the launch of the iPhone today in the UK as I write. Leave aside the usual promotional hype and the sight of members of Cult Apple waiting overnight to buy their treasured object, this phone is different. From trying it on a recent US visit, it has an easy-to-use functionality that with adaptation has much to commend it in the African context. It’s intuitive and icon driven, allowing a lower level of functional literacy for users. (However, the iPhone will not be going to South Africa any time soon. See Telecoms News – In Brief) The barrier to this kind of device is cost and the discussion mirrors similar ones held about palm computers for Africa. The iPhone launch price in the UK is US$538 as it is being launched as a premium product with a monthly plan costing US$70. But give it 2-3 years and it will be down to $300 and be a mainstream product, not necessarily produced by Apple. But secondhand prices in Africa may take it down closer to $100-150. But even this lowered price will not breach the magic $100 level that Nicolas Negroponte set himself and failed to reach for a low-cost computer. Also the low price phones produced as part of the GSM Association initiative are stripped back in terms of overall functionality. But if Africa is to have access to web content on its mobiles, then it needs a cheaper phone device that can access web content with a screen that is bigger than two large postage stamps. Also whilst Africa’s mobile companies engage in the data upgrade arms race, little thought seems to have been given to battery life issues. The iPhone may not have 3G but it has an 8 hour battery life compared to the 3G compatible Nokia N95 which has only a 4 hour battery life. No-one seems yet to have thought through the energy implications of even a significant minority of Africans using 3G phones. Now I can hear you saying that all of this is fantasy stuff for Africa. But Vodacom in South Africa said in October 2007 that it had 139,000 HSDPA customers and 899,000 Vodafone Live! subscribers, the latter being the content service it markets from what is likely to become its parent company. It is also pioneering a mobile TV service to its 3G subscribers in South Africa. Numbers are modest but growing. Ah yes, but South Africa is different. Nevertheless jobs service in Kenya attracted 35,000 subscribers and other services elsewhere in Africa are attracting tens of thousands of people. With numbers on this scale, mobile phones are not just communications devices but media. Certain types of advertisers will be very interested in getting to the largely young demographic that uses these services. The sums will not be spectacular but they will help to fuel further growth. But the barriers to growth in mobile content revenues are significant. Last year we sat in on a seminar with mobile phone companies drawn from right across Africa. Every single person stressed how important content development was to their company and how they had a member of staff working on it. However, with few exceptions not one of them talked about a successful mobile content service that they were actually operating. Mobile companies were not set up to do content and the revenues are not yet large enough to gain real traction with operational managers. A number of mobile operators are owned by multinational owners who have sought to introduce content bundles that have been developed in Europe and the USA. But as one of the more honest managers for these companies admitted, there is only really on the most optimistic view a 50-60% fit with the African market. So there is a need for better and more compelling local mobile content. But this is where the complications start. The typical income split is 50% to the mobile operator, 10-20% to the mobile platform provider and 30-40% to the content provider. Anxious to drive up income from this source, the mobile operators are seeking to take a bigger share of the value in other countries. However, they need to be careful not to kill the goose that might lay the golden egg. They could easily give more generous deals as they benefit from the minutes these services add. Ideally there needs to be a new service every 4 weeks in some African country so that it’s possible to work out what works locally and the optimum price. Another difficulty is that mobile providers are insisting on exclusive deals. For example, if you want to launch your mobile content service with a particular mobile operator, you have to offer an exclusive deal for one year or more. The mobile operators still see content as a marketing device rather than revenue in its own right. The walled garden approach is very like the early days of the Internet where people like AOL tried to create their own content universe. Understandably, the mobile operators would like to control the development of content on their media and take a large part of the rewards. Apple’s approach to iTunes illustrates how lucrative this approach can be. The difficulty is that for mobile content to thrive in Africa, it has to be easier to get it to market and to as wider range of people as possible. At the moment, mobile content creators may have to re-version their services for as many as 3-5 different delivery platforms. The discussion parallels those that were had in the early days in Africa about interconnection between mobile operators. Many operators said they would not connect to other operators because it would be easier to retain subscribers and revenues if the stayed isolated. In the event, interconnection meant almost all operators benefited from there being a large and growing “critical mass” of users. The same would almost certainly be true for mobile content and perhaps the time is ripe for operators to talk to each other about how best to promote wider use of content, rather than simply tending their own back gardens. African Mobile Content Alliance anyone? From Balancing Act <mailbox:///C%7C/Users/IPM/AppData/Roaming/Thunderbird/Profiles/u11w6ixk.default/Mail/Local%20Folders/Inbox?number=856298414#top>

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On MAURITIUS COMPUTER MISUSE AND CYBERCRIME ACT 2003 and MOROCCAN COPYRIGHT LAW
by Rebecca Wanjiku 09 Nov '07

09 Nov '07

MAURITIUS COMPUTER MISUSE AND CYBERCRIME ACT 2003 Kelly O'Connell, Miami Attorney Email Mauritius is an island located in the Atlantic near Southern Africa, in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar. It was first explored by Portuguese sailors in the early in the 16th century. Later it was controlled by the Dutch, French, and British until independence was achieved in 1968. Given its inherent limitations of history, location, and natural resources, the country has developed into an unmitigated success, by anyone's standard. The Government carefully assembled the infrastructure for a large, state-of-the-art cyber complex in the early 2000's which should prove attractive to any company wishing for access to the Asian continent within a business-friendly and highly modernized infrastructure. This law is an attempt to protect any foreign or local businesses setting up shop there. To better understand the Computer Misuse and Cybercrime Act 2003; Act No. 22 of 2003; Offense, found in Part II, these questions will be answered: What is "Unauthorized Access to Computer Data"? What is "Access with Intent to Commit Offences," or "Unauthorized Password Disclosure"? What is "Unauthorized Access to and Interception of Computer Service"? What is "Unauthorized Modification of Computer Material", or "Damaging or Denying Access to Computer System"? What is "Unlawful Possession of Devices and Data" or "Electronic Fraud"? Mauritius island state has staged an impressive economic evolution, based upon its stable democracy, featuring a British system of regular free elections and a positive human rights record, as the markets transition from agriculture to building the industrial, financial, and tourist sectors. The country has attracted considerable foreign direct investments, earning one of Africa's highest average incomes, per annum. The population is about one and a quarter million within a land mass about ten times the size of Washington, DC. A serious approach to property laws, in general, and Intellectual Property laws specifically, is a major reason this well-ordered economy thrives. What is "Unauthorized Access to Computer Data"? This occurs when a person causes a computer to "perform a function," ie, enters with the intent of a going into a computer system to have unauthorized access. Here, "Unauthorized" means either lacking general authority to enter a system, or without specific consent of the owner of the equipment. The law does not differentiate whether the person had intent to go after specific data or programming, or whether he was simply accessing the device with a general intent to enter, without any firm goal in mind beyond that. Those convicted of this crime will be fined 50,000 rupees and/or be sentenced to "penal servitude" for no more than 5 years. The act allows for a defense of a "reasonable belief" of consent or authority. (Part II, Section 3) What is "Access with Intent to Commit Offences," or "Unauthorized Password Disclosure"? "Access with Intent to Commit Offences" occurs when a person causes a computer system to do an act for the purpose of accessing any program or data found within a computer system, with intent to commit any crimes listed under the rest of this same Act. It is deemed irrelevant whether the initial access was authorized, or unauthorized; or whether the crime occurred at the same time, or at some period later. Those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 200,000 rupees, and/or incarcerated not to exceed 20 years. (Part II, Section 4.) "Unauthorized Password Disclosure" happens if anyone "knowingly discloses any password, access code, or any other means of gaining access to any program or data held in any computer system" to commit a crime of theft, to damage files, or defame another, If convicted of this crime, the person will be fined 50,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not exceeding 5 years. (Part II, Section 8.) What is "Unauthorized Access to and Interception of Computer Service"? This occurs when anyone purposefully, and without permission or authority, breaches a computer system for the end of obtaining computer service to intercepts "any function of, or any data within a computer system." Those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 100,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not to exceed 10 years. If such an act impairs or compromises the function of a computer system, including disruption or excision of data delivery, Those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 200,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not exceeding 20 years. It is irrelevant if the breacher's intent was to harm the system or disrupt the flow of data. (Part II, Section 5.) What is "Unauthorized Modification of Computer Material", or "Damaging or Denying Access to Computer System"? This occurs when anyone purposefully acts to cause an "unauthorized modification of data held in any computer system." Those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 100,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not exceeding 10 years. If such an act suppresses the system or modifies data, those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 200,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not exceeding 20 years. A "modification" is illegal if the person doing so "is not himself entitled to determine whether the modification should be made;" and has done so beyond the scope of authority, or without permission. It is irrelevant if the damage or modification is temporary or permanent. (Part II, Section 6.) "Damaging or Denying Access to Computer System" is when any person who, without consent or authority, causes "degradation, failure, interruption or obstruction of the operation of a computer system; or denial of access to, or impairment of any program or data storage," those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 200,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not exceeding 20 years. (Part II, Section 7.) What is "Unlawful Possession of Devices and Data" or "Electronic Fraud"? This occurs when anyone "manufactures, sells, procures for use, imports, distributes or otherwise makes available, a computer system or any other device, designed or adapted primarily for the purpose of committing any offence" under this Act. Also, to have such a computer program in possession, is likewise a crime, unless with excuse or justification. Those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 50,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not exceeding 5 years. (Part II, Section 9.) "Electronic Fraud" occurs when anyone "fraudulently causes loss of property" to another by "any input, alteration, deletion or suppression of data;" or interfering with a computer system, with intent to commit this crime. Those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 200,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not exceeding 20 years. (Part II, Section 1) MOROCCAN COPYRIGHT LAW Kelly O'Connell, Miami Attorney Email Morocco has a rich French legal history, which included European intellectual property law. The French law was set aside to make way for the global economy represented by World Intellectual Property Organization, which Morocco assented to the standards of, first in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property, or TRIPS Agreement; and then, in the Law No. 2-00 on Copyright and Related Rights of February 15, 2000. That Moroccan law is still influenced by the old dahirs (laws). To better understand Moroccan Copyright law, these questions will be addressed: What are Copyright Protected Works, What are Their Conditions? What Are Some Unusual Aspects of Moroccan Copyright Law? How Does Copyright Ownership Work? What are the Formalities and Documentation for Moroccan Copyright? Does the Law Treat as Special Moroccan National Folkways? History of Moroccan Copyright Law: Morocco, like the rest of the Muslim world, did not have a strong history of protecting Intellectual Property (IP) rights. In fact, until the 20th century, the concept was foreign to the law of this country. Morocco did have better IP rights than neighbors since it accessed French laws on the topic, resulting in the dahirs of 1916 and 1970, although application of these standards was hardly uniform. Morocco decided to set aside the old French model and strive for a global model after it chose to attempt to become a member of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). This represented a bold, non-typical deviation from the colonial model when they rejected the regional model to pursue membership in 1993 (Morocco also attempted to become an early member of the European Union, but were rejected out of hand for not technically being a European state). The Government was given guidelines to follow, such as ratifying the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property, or TRIPS Agreement. This transformed the intellectual property thinking in the state as Morocco struggled to bring their legislation and regulations in agreement with international standards and procedures. Morocco, was classed a "developing country" and signed the TRIPS Agreement, and was given a deadline of the year 2000 to redraft its IP legislation to meet WIPO standards. This explains why the new IP law was passed when it was, yielding Morocco Law No. 2-00 on Copyright and Related Rights of February 15, 2000 was signed into effect. What are Copyright Protected Works, What are Their Conditions? "Protected work" in the Moroccan Copyright Law of 2000 are too numerous to list, but Morocco accepts the Berne Convention, which does have a long, but incomplete listing. Protected works presume several characteristics. First, the work being protected must be an "original", which is not a well-developed definition in the Moroccan Copyright Law of 2000. The old 1970 dahir and French law in general define an original as "when its characteristic features and its form, or its form alone, make possible the identification of its author." The new law refers to "originality" as "works that are original intellectual creations in the literary and artistic field." The test for originality, then, will be one of a common sense persuasion through examples and proofs. Second, the work cannot be simply an idea, but an original idea that has been worked-up into some sort of model. Third, there must be an author. This means, according to the law in Article 47, is the person who is shown, via "display on each of the copies the name, pseudonym or mark of the author." Therefore, a model work with a name on it, were it unique, would translate to authorship, and all rights accrued therein, as explained in Article 38. An anonymous, pseudonimical or unknown work is "authored" by the publisher of such. What Are Some Unusual Aspects of Moroccan Copyright Law? While not completely unique, Moroccan copyright law follows the French, as opposed to U.S. standard, and does not require copyrighted articles be fixed on material support for copyright. This is undoubtedly to help preserve Moroccan folksongs as IP. Also, the 2000 Copyright law does not recognize "compilations", again unlike its U.S. counterpart. This has created an interesting situation where computer databases are not treated typically within the 2000 law, but case law (Coprosa decision) and legislation (1985 law) developed to grant databanks original protection, and to help with this void, given as a 'right of extraction and reuse', although the protection has not gone beyond 15 years. Databases are classed derivative works, in Article 5(b), but with no details as to scope and term of the protection. How Does Copyright Ownership Work? In Article 1, paragraph (1), the new law states an author of a work is "the natural person who created the work," and "He or she is the first owner of the moral and economic right in the work," according to Article 31. Proof is that "his or her name appears visibly on the work," according to Article 38. Yet this name, according to Article 1, paragraph (1), might not be the real author or person who commissioned it. The law only applies to "real persons," not legal entities -- although the case law disagrees with this point -- and protection lasts a lifetime plus fifty years, according to (Article 26). What are the Formalities and Documentation for Moroccan Copyright? Formalities: For Copyright registration formalities, and unlike U.S. copyright, the Moroccan Copyright Law of 2000 and the decree of 8 March 1965 do not gave a particular manner of registering copyright or an stipulation to deposit of works. While there is a stipulation in the dahir of 7 October 1932 that says four copies of any work produced in number and put in circulation on Moroccan territory26 must be deposited with the General Library and Archives (BGA) in Rabat. Strangely, this rule has no relation to copyright, since this is registered nowhere else. The Moroccan Copyright Office relies upon a procedure of declaration and the admissibility of such on the Report of the Authentification Commission to then accept them. Documentation: Again, for Moroccan texts, there is no documentary evidence needed to attest to authorship of a work, or any body set up for such a purpose. But the dahir of 7 October 1932 stipulates that on legal deposit, when a work is put into circulation in Morocco, four copies shall be handed over to the BGA, and a formal document is then issued in return. The article gives the name and status of the author referring to 'claims', not unlike copyright forms of the American and Canadian Copyright Offices. But Article 12 of the dahir of 7 October 1932 does not create copyright, nor constitute any kind of certificate of ownership, or a defensible certificate of entitlement regarding such rights. Does the Law Treat as Special Moroccan National Folkways? Yes. Morocco has an extremely rich cultural heritage, expressed in dance, song, and art. The old dahirs protected these works, naming indigenous art and invention as, "folklore", being "unpublished works where the identity of the author is unknown but where there is every ground to presume that he is or was a Moroccan national," according to dahir 29 of the 1970 code. Article 7, "Protection of Expressions of Folklore" makes the fixing of folklore works under approval of the Moroccan Copyright Bureau. _______________________________________________ AfrICANN mailing list AfrICANN(a)afrinic.net https://lists.afrinic.net/mailman/listinfo.cgi/africann -- becky beckyit.blogspot.com __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com ---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: Anne-Rachel Inné <annerachel(a)gmail.com> Date: Nov 8, 2007 3:56 PM Subject: [AfrICANN-discuss] On MAURITIUS COMPUTER MISUSE AND CYBERCRIME ACT 2003 and MOROCCAN COPYRIGHT LAW To: africann(a)afrinic.net Cc: Me SARR Abdou Abbas <sarr.abdou(a)sarr-allard.com> MAURITIUS COMPUTER MISUSE AND CYBERCRIME ACT 2003 Kelly O'Connell, Miami Attorney Email Mauritius is an island located in the Atlantic near Southern Africa, in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar. It was first explored by Portuguese sailors in the early in the 16th century. Later it was controlled by the Dutch, French, and British until independence was achieved in 1968. Given its inherent limitations of history, location, and natural resources, the country has developed into an unmitigated success, by anyone's standard. The Government carefully assembled the infrastructure for a large, state-of-the-art cyber complex in the early 2000's which should prove attractive to any company wishing for access to the Asian continent within a business-friendly and highly modernized infrastructure. This law is an attempt to protect any foreign or local businesses setting up shop there. To better understand the Computer Misuse and Cybercrime Act 2003; Act No. 22 of 2003; Offense, found in Part II, these questions will be answered: What is "Unauthorized Access to Computer Data"? What is "Access with Intent to Commit Offences," or "Unauthorized Password Disclosure"? What is "Unauthorized Access to and Interception of Computer Service"? What is "Unauthorized Modification of Computer Material", or "Damaging or Denying Access to Computer System"? What is "Unlawful Possession of Devices and Data" or "Electronic Fraud"? Mauritius island state has staged an impressive economic evolution, based upon its stable democracy, featuring a British system of regular free elections and a positive human rights record, as the markets transition from agriculture to building the industrial, financial, and tourist sectors. The country has attracted considerable foreign direct investments, earning one of Africa's highest average incomes, per annum. The population is about one and a quarter million within a land mass about ten times the size of Washington, DC. A serious approach to property laws, in general, and Intellectual Property laws specifically, is a major reason this well-ordered economy thrives. What is "Unauthorized Access to Computer Data"? This occurs when a person causes a computer to "perform a function," ie, enters with the intent of a going into a computer system to have unauthorized access. Here, "Unauthorized" means either lacking general authority to enter a system, or without specific consent of the owner of the equipment. The law does not differentiate whether the person had intent to go after specific data or programming, or whether he was simply accessing the device with a general intent to enter, without any firm goal in mind beyond that. Those convicted of this crime will be fined 50,000 rupees and/or be sentenced to "penal servitude" for no more than 5 years. The act allows for a defense of a "reasonable belief" of consent or authority. (Part II, Section 3) What is "Access with Intent to Commit Offences," or "Unauthorized Password Disclosure"? "Access with Intent to Commit Offences" occurs when a person causes a computer system to do an act for the purpose of accessing any program or data found within a computer system, with intent to commit any crimes listed under the rest of this same Act. It is deemed irrelevant whether the initial access was authorized, or unauthorized; or whether the crime occurred at the same time, or at some period later. Those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 200,000 rupees, and/or incarcerated not to exceed 20 years. (Part II, Section 4.) "Unauthorized Password Disclosure" happens if anyone "knowingly discloses any password, access code, or any other means of gaining access to any program or data held in any computer system" to commit a crime of theft, to damage files, or defame another, If convicted of this crime, the person will be fined 50,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not exceeding 5 years. (Part II, Section 8.) What is "Unauthorized Access to and Interception of Computer Service"? This occurs when anyone purposefully, and without permission or authority, breaches a computer system for the end of obtaining computer service to intercepts "any function of, or any data within a computer system." Those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 100,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not to exceed 10 years. If such an act impairs or compromises the function of a computer system, including disruption or excision of data delivery, Those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 200,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not exceeding 20 years. It is irrelevant if the breacher's intent was to harm the system or disrupt the flow of data. (Part II, Section 5.) What is "Unauthorized Modification of Computer Material", or "Damaging or Denying Access to Computer System"? This occurs when anyone purposefully acts to cause an "unauthorized modification of data held in any computer system." Those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 100,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not exceeding 10 years. If such an act suppresses the system or modifies data, those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 200,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not exceeding 20 years. A "modification" is illegal if the person doing so "is not himself entitled to determine whether the modification should be made;" and has done so beyond the scope of authority, or without permission. It is irrelevant if the damage or modification is temporary or permanent. (Part II, Section 6.) "Damaging or Denying Access to Computer System" is when any person who, without consent or authority, causes "degradation, failure, interruption or obstruction of the operation of a computer system; or denial of access to, or impairment of any program or data storage," those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 200,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not exceeding 20 years. (Part II, Section 7.) What is "Unlawful Possession of Devices and Data" or "Electronic Fraud"? This occurs when anyone "manufactures, sells, procures for use, imports, distributes or otherwise makes available, a computer system or any other device, designed or adapted primarily for the purpose of committing any offence" under this Act. Also, to have such a computer program in possession, is likewise a crime, unless with excuse or justification. Those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 50,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not exceeding 5 years. (Part II, Section 9.) "Electronic Fraud" occurs when anyone "fraudulently causes loss of property" to another by "any input, alteration, deletion or suppression of data;" or interfering with a computer system, with intent to commit this crime. Those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 200,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not exceeding 20 years. (Part II, Section 1) MOROCCAN COPYRIGHT LAW Kelly O'Connell, Miami Attorney Email Morocco has a rich French legal history, which included European intellectual property law. The French law was set aside to make way for the global economy represented by World Intellectual Property Organization, which Morocco assented to the standards of, first in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property, or TRIPS Agreement; and then, in the Law No. 2-00 on Copyright and Related Rights of February 15, 2000. That Moroccan law is still influenced by the old dahirs (laws). To better understand Moroccan Copyright law, these questions will be addressed: What are Copyright Protected Works, What are Their Conditions? What Are Some Unusual Aspects of Moroccan Copyright Law? How Does Copyright Ownership Work? What are the Formalities and Documentation for Moroccan Copyright? Does the Law Treat as Special Moroccan National Folkways? History of Moroccan Copyright Law: Morocco, like the rest of the Muslim world, did not have a strong history of protecting Intellectual Property (IP) rights. In fact, until the 20th century, the concept was foreign to the law of this country. Morocco did have better IP rights than neighbors since it accessed French laws on the topic, resulting in the dahirs of 1916 and 1970, although application of these standards was hardly uniform. Morocco decided to set aside the old French model and strive for a global model after it chose to attempt to become a member of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). This represented a bold, non-typical deviation from the colonial model when they rejected the regional model to pursue membership in 1993 (Morocco also attempted to become an early member of the European Union, but were rejected out of hand for not technically being a European state). The Government was given guidelines to follow, such as ratifying the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property, or TRIPS Agreement. This transformed the intellectual property thinking in the state as Morocco struggled to bring their legislation and regulations in agreement with international standards and procedures. Morocco, was classed a "developing country" and signed the TRIPS Agreement, and was given a deadline of the year 2000 to redraft its IP legislation to meet WIPO standards. This explains why the new IP law was passed when it was, yielding Morocco Law No. 2-00 on Copyright and Related Rights of February 15, 2000 was signed into effect. What are Copyright Protected Works, What are Their Conditions? "Protected work" in the Moroccan Copyright Law of 2000 are too numerous to list, but Morocco accepts the Berne Convention, which does have a long, but incomplete listing. Protected works presume several characteristics. First, the work being protected must be an "original", which is not a well-developed definition in the Moroccan Copyright Law of 2000. The old 1970 dahir and French law in general define an original as "when its characteristic features and its form, or its form alone, make possible the identification of its author." The new law refers to "originality" as "works that are original intellectual creations in the literary and artistic field." The test for originality, then, will be one of a common sense persuasion through examples and proofs. Second, the work cannot be simply an idea, but an original idea that has been worked-up into some sort of model. Third, there must be an author. This means, according to the law in Article 47, is the person who is shown, via "display on each of the copies the name, pseudonym or mark of the author." Therefore, a model work with a name on it, were it unique, would translate to authorship, and all rights accrued therein, as explained in Article 38. An anonymous, pseudonimical or unknown work is "authored" by the publisher of such. What Are Some Unusual Aspects of Moroccan Copyright Law? While not completely unique, Moroccan copyright law follows the French, as opposed to U.S. standard, and does not require copyrighted articles be fixed on material support for copyright. This is undoubtedly to help preserve Moroccan folksongs as IP. Also, the 2000 Copyright law does not recognize "compilations", again unlike its U.S. counterpart. This has created an interesting situation where computer databases are not treated typically within the 2000 law, but case law (Coprosa decision) and legislation (1985 law) developed to grant databanks original protection, and to help with this void, given as a 'right of extraction and reuse', although the protection has not gone beyond 15 years. Databases are classed derivative works, in Article 5(b), but with no details as to scope and term of the protection. How Does Copyright Ownership Work? In Article 1, paragraph (1), the new law states an author of a work is "the natural person who created the work," and "He or she is the first owner of the moral and economic right in the work," according to Article 31. Proof is that "his or her name appears visibly on the work," according to Article 38. Yet this name, according to Article 1, paragraph (1), might not be the real author or person who commissioned it. The law only applies to "real persons," not legal entities -- although the case law disagrees with this point -- and protection lasts a lifetime plus fifty years, according to (Article 26). What are the Formalities and Documentation for Moroccan Copyright? Formalities: For Copyright registration formalities, and unlike U.S. copyright, the Moroccan Copyright Law of 2000 and the decree of 8 March 1965 do not gave a particular manner of registering copyright or an stipulation to deposit of works. While there is a stipulation in the dahir of 7 October 1932 that says four copies of any work produced in number and put in circulation on Moroccan territory26 must be deposited with the General Library and Archives (BGA) in Rabat. Strangely, this rule has no relation to copyright, since this is registered nowhere else. The Moroccan Copyright Office relies upon a procedure of declaration and the admissibility of such on the Report of the Authentification Commission to then accept them. Documentation: Again, for Moroccan texts, there is no documentary evidence needed to attest to authorship of a work, or any body set up for such a purpose. But the dahir of 7 October 1932 stipulates that on legal deposit, when a work is put into circulation in Morocco, four copies shall be handed over to the BGA, and a formal document is then issued in return. The article gives the name and status of the author referring to 'claims', not unlike copyright forms of the American and Canadian Copyright Offices. But Article 12 of the dahir of 7 October 1932 does not create copyright, nor constitute any kind of certificate of ownership, or a defensible certificate of entitlement regarding such rights. Does the Law Treat as Special Moroccan National Folkways? Yes. Morocco has an extremely rich cultural heritage, expressed in dance, song, and art. The old dahirs protected these works, naming indigenous art and invention as, "folklore", being "unpublished works where the identity of the author is unknown but where there is every ground to presume that he is or was a Moroccan national," according to dahir 29 of the 1970 code. Article 7, "Protection of Expressions of Folklore" makes the fixing of folklore works under approval of the Moroccan Copyright Bureau. _______________________________________________ AfrICANN mailing list AfrICANN(a)afrinic.net https://lists.afrinic.net/mailman/listinfo.cgi/africann -- becky beckyit.blogspot.com

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Re: [kictanet] Welcome to the "kictanet" mailing list
by Sheba Kimani 09 Nov '07

09 Nov '07

---------- Original Message ---------------------------------- From: kictanet-request(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke Date: Thu, 08 Nov 2007 12:33:00 +0300 >Welcome to the kictanet(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke mailing list! > >To post to this list, send your email to: > > kictanet(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke > >General information about the mailing list is at: > > http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet > >If you ever want to unsubscribe or change your options (eg, switch to >or from digest mode, change your password, etc.), visit your >subscription page at: > > http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/sheba%40afrispa.org > > >You can also make such adjustments via email by sending a message to: > > kictanet-request(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke > >with the word `help' in the subject or body (don't include the >quotes), and you will get back a message with instructions. > >You must know your password to change your options (including changing >the password, itself) or to unsubscribe. It is: > > dutoipce > >Normally, Mailman will remind you of your lists.kictanet.or.ke mailing >list passwords once every month, although you can disable this if you >prefer. This reminder will also include instructions on how to >unsubscribe or change your account options. There is also a button on >your options page that will email your current password to you. > -- Sheba Kimani Program Officer AfrISPA Secretariate email: sheba(a)afrispa.org Tel: 254 - 729 888 904 AFRISPA MISSION STATEMENT: Promoting the growth of the internet in Africa and its use as a tool for development and integration into the global knowledge economy through the strengthening of social and technical infrastructure. --

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KTN online now...
by Michael Kipsang Bullut 07 Nov '07

07 Nov '07

Check out the link below... ---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: Robert Omange <romangew(a)yahoo.com> Date: 26 Oct 2007 16:10 Subject: [Bush_fire] KTN online now To: bush_fire(a)yahoogroups.com Gentlemen The Kenya Television Network is now live online please try it out and stop missing current affairs. Glory of the Internet. http://216.139.225.126:7008/live_tv_ke Your channel your choice Good day Omange __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com __._,_.___ Messages in this topic <http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire/message/16282;_ylc=X3oDMTM1dGcycGQy…>( 1) Reply (via web post) <http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire/post;_ylc=X3oDMTJwNjQ4Y29xBF9TAzk3M…>| Start a new topic <http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire/post;_ylc=X3oDMTJkMnBlbGVpBF9TAzk3M…> Messages<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire/messages;_ylc=X3oDMTJkNG1kaGE3BF9TA…>| Files<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire/files;_ylc=X3oDMTJlazZ1NzU0BF9TAzk3…>| Photos<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire/photos;_ylc=X3oDMTJkcmtpZ250BF9TAzk…>| Links<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire/links;_ylc=X3oDMTJldTZjNHVpBF9TAzk3…>| Database<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire/database;_ylc=X3oDMTJidG84amgzBF9TA…>| Polls<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire/polls;_ylc=X3oDMTJlY25uaTdqBF9TAzk3…>| Members<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire/members;_ylc=X3oDMTJkY3BlNmQ5BF9TAz…>| Calendar<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire/calendar;_ylc=X3oDMTJjZjVoMzhhBF9TA…> ******************************************* Join the Alliance Network at http://www.alliancealumni.org/tan To unsubscribe: bush_fire-unsubscribe(a)yahoogroups.com To subscribe: bush_fire-subscribe(a)yahoogroups.com or http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire/join Rant and Rave: bush_fire-owner(a)yahoogroups.com URL: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire ******************************************* [image: Yahoo! Groups]<http://groups.yahoo.com/;_ylc=X3oDMTJjcW51Y2dxBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzUxM…> Change settings via the Web<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire/join;_ylc=X3oDMTJldjdzdmMwBF9TAzk3M…>(Yahoo! ID required) Change settings via email: Switch delivery to Daily Digest<bush_fire-digest@yahoogroups.com?subject=Email+Delivery:+Digest>| Switch format to Traditional<bush_fire-traditional@yahoogroups.com?subject=Change+Delivery+Format:+Traditional> Visit Your Group <http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire;_ylc=X3oDMTJjaWpvanZlBF9TAzk3MzU5Nz…>| Yahoo! Groups Terms of Use <http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/> | Unsubscribe <bush_fire-unsubscribe(a)yahoogroups.com?subject=> Recent Activity - 4 New Members<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire/members;_ylc=X3oDMTJlYjgzMWY0BF9TAz…> Visit Your Group <http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire;_ylc=X3oDMTJkaTVuam9mBF9TAzk3MzU5Nz…> Yahoo! Finance It's Now Personal<http://us.ard.yahoo.com/SIG=12j0kkcg1/M=493064.10729649.11333340.8674578/D=…> Guides, news, advice & more. Y! Messenger Files to share?<http://us.ard.yahoo.com/SIG=12jomlid2/M=493064.10729668.11333359.8674578/D=…> Send up to 1GB of files in an IM. Yahoo! Groups Find Green Groups<http://us.ard.yahoo.com/SIG=12jrb4v3v/M=493064.11135488.11710474.8674578/D=…> Share with others Help the Planet. . __,_._,___ -- "To see a world in a grain of sand, and a heaven in a wildflower...hold infinity in the palm of your hand, and eternity in an hour..." ~ William Blakeg. --

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[DN] Listing Safaricom IPO abroad would be totally myopic
by Alex Gakuru 07 Nov '07

07 Nov '07

[This writer...writes] Listing Safaricom IPO abroad would be totally myopic Story by JAINDI KISERO Publication Date: 2007/11/07 --Excerpts-- I GATHER THE GOVERNMENT IS being lobbied to allow an offshore listing of part of the Safaricom IPO. It must firmly reject this proposal. Why should we allow foreign investors a discounted price of Safaricom shares at the expense of Kenyans? If any foreign investors want to buy into the Safaricom IPO, let them come here and purchase the shares from the Nairobi Stock Exchange. With the efficient trading and settlement system which the NSE has, there is really nothing to dissuade a foreign investor purchasing the shares through the bourse... THIS TIME, MOST OF THE BIG BOYS his time, most of these big boys will want to carry a lot of Safaricom in their portfolios. Applications are likely to be much higher than those for KenGen. Does it surprise anyone that more than 30 per cent of those who own shares today are people who opened their first CDS accounts during the KenGen IPO? These people who are talking about offshore listing have completely missed the point. Today, the most common complaint from wananchi who participated in the recent IPOs KenGen, Mumias and Kenya-Re is the small number of shares they were allocated and the length of time it took to be refunded the money the had put in. How can one think of an offshore listing when our people cant get enough? http://www.nationmedia.com/dailynation/nmgcontententry.asp?category_id=25&n… __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com

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Brighthand.com News Article -- Google Announces Android, an Open Source Operating System for Smartphones
by brian＠isisweb.nl 06 Nov '07

06 Nov '07

Your friend Mblayo thought you might be interested in the following article on Brighthand.com: Google Announces Android, an Open Source Operating System for Smartphones After months of rumors and speculation, Google has officially announced Android, an operating system for mobile devices it is developing in partnership with a wide variety of companies. Link to full article: http://www.brighthand.com/default.asp?newsID=13470 heh! Iko mambo...../... Brighthand.com <http://www.brighthand.com> --

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Extract Mauritius ICT Strategic Plan
by Eric Osiakwan 06 Nov '07

06 Nov '07

Sorry for crossposting.... Eric M.K Osiakwan Executive Secretary AfrISPA (www.afrispa.org) Tel: + 233.21.258800 ext 2031 Fax: + 233.21.258811 Cell: + 233.244.386792 Handle: eosiakwan Snail Mail: Pmb 208, Accra-North Office: BusyInternet - 42 Ring Road Central, Accra-North Blog: http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/eric/ Slang: "Tomorrow Now"

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Fwd: [Fibre-for-africa] Five Goals of Connect Africa
by Eric Osiakwan 05 Nov '07

05 Nov '07

Begin forwarded message: > From: Eric Osiakwan <eric(a)afrispa.org> > Date: 1 November 2007 09:33:30 GMT+03:00 > To: discuss(a)afrispa.org, KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions > <kictanet(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke>, gispa(a)yahoogroups.com, Ghana > Information Networking and Knowledge Sharing <ginks(a)dgroups.org>, > APC - Private list for use by EASSY Workshop Participants <Fibre- > for-africa(a)lists.apc.org>, africann(a)afrinic.net, afrinic- > discuss(a)afrinic.net, afnog(a)afnog.org, African Information Society > Initiative - Discussion Forum <aisi-l(a)lyris.bellanet.org> > Subject: [Fibre-for-africa] Five Goals of Connect Africa > Reply-To: APC - Private list for use by EASSY Workshop Participants > <fibre-for-africa(a)lists.apc.org> > > Dear All, > > The Connect Africa Summit justed ended in Kigali with the following > five major goals; > > Goal 1. Interconnect all African capitals with ICT Broadband > infrastructure and strengthen connectivity to the rest of the world > by 2012 as well as interconnect major African cities by 2015. > Goal 2. Connect all African villages to broadband ICT services by > 2012 and implement shared access initiatives such as community tele- > centres and village phones. > Goal 3. Adopt key regulatory measures that promote affordable, > widespread access to a full range of bradband ICT services, > including technology and service neutral licensing/authorisation > practises, allocating spectrum for multiple, competitive broadband > wireless service providers, creating national internext exchange > points (IXPs) and implementing competition in the provision of > international internet connectivity. > Goal 4. Support the development of a critical mass of ICT Skills > required by the knowledge economy, notably through the estamishment > of ICT Centres of Excellence network in each sub-region of Africa > and ICT capacity-building and training centres in each country, > with the aim of achieving a borad network of inter-linked physical > and virtual centres, whiles ensuring coordination between academia > and industry by 2015. > Goal 5. Adopt a national e-strategy, including a cyber-security > framework, and deploy at least one flagship e-government service as > well as e-education, e-commerce and e-health services using > accessible technologies in each country in Africa by 2012, with the > aim of making multiple e-government and other e-services widely > available by 2015. > > The African ICT Ministers have also shortlisted some projects under > ARAPKE which would be implenented through Connect Africa @ http:// > www.itu.int/ITU-D/connect/africa/2007/bgdmaterial/flagship-11.html > > It is important that we all engage and ensure that these ICT goals > are met by 2012 and the larger MDGS by 2015. > > Thank you and sorry for cross-posting. > > Eric M.K Osiakwan > Executive Secretary > AfrISPA (www.afrispa.org) > Tel: + 233.21.258800 ext 2031 > Fax: + 233.21.258811 > Cell: + 233.244.386792 > Handle: eosiakwan > Snail Mail: Pmb 208, Accra-North > Office: BusyInternet - 42 Ring Road Central, Accra-North > Blog: http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/eric/ > Slang: "Tomorrow Now" > > > > > _______________________________________________ > Fibre-for-africa mailing list > Fibre-for-africa(a)lists.apc.org > http://lists.apc.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fibre-for-africa Eric M.K Osiakwan Executive Secretary AfrISPA (www.afrispa.org) Tel: + 233.21.258800 ext 2031 Fax: + 233.21.258811 Cell: + 233.244.386792 Handle: eosiakwan Snail Mail: Pmb 208, Accra-North Office: BusyInternet - 42 Ring Road Central, Accra-North Blog: http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/eric/ Slang: "Tomorrow Now"

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Big monies committed to connect Africa
by Rebecca Wanjiku 03 Nov '07

03 Nov '07

USD 55 billion committed to connect Africa Industry drives ICT investment at Connect Africa Summit Kigali, Rwanda, 31 October 2007 — The Connect Africa Summit closed yesterday with investment commitments amounting to over USD 55 billion, with the ICT industry taking the lead. President Paul Kagame of Rwanda set the tone at the outset, saying, "Investment and trade — as opposed to aid and charity — must drive the transformation of our economies." He called for a dynamic ICT sector to connect Africa to the global information superhighway. "In order to realize this much-needed economic revolution, we have to forge productive relationships between government and business," said Mr Kagame. The Connect Africa Summit decided to bring forward ICT connectivity goals to 2012 to enable the achievement of the broader Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015. Commitments were made to interconnect all African capitals and major cities with ICT broadband infrastructure and strengthen connectivity to the rest of the world by 2012. By 2015, broadband and ICT services will be extended to all African villages. The Summit also sets out to meet the World Summit on the Information Society goals for capacity building, establishing an enabling environment for investment, and e-government services. The role of governments in setting a level playing field for industry to compete was highlighted. It was also decided to ensure harmonization of the regulatory framework to stimulate cross-border integration in large-scale projects. Capacity building was identified as one key area for cooperation among all stakeholders. Africa opens doors to ICT Africa’s mobile market has been the fastest-growing of any region over the last five years, and has grown twice as fast as the global market. Mobile phones overtook fixed lines in 2001 and now outnumber fixed telephone lines by nearly seven to one, with nearly 193 million mobile cellular subscribers in 2006. This figure is projected to grow to more than 270 million by the end of this year. Stepping in to consolidate the mobile revolution in Africa, mobile operators of the GSM Association announced USD 50 billion in new investment over the next 5 years to expand and upgrade networks across the continent by 2012. This would provide mobile coverage to more than 90 per cent of the population. Success in mobile penetration is now set to be emulated in broadband connectivity in Africa, with new investment foreseen for ICT infrastructure. "Africa is open for business," said ITU Secretary-General Hamadoun Touré. "We are looking for investment through win-win partnerships in a viable marketplace by an expanding ICT industry." He added that wealth creation is key to achieving the MDGs. "This new investment in ICT infrastructure will lead to new jobs and overall economic growth," said Dr Touré. The representative of the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, Mr Sha Zukang, Under-Secretary-General of the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, said that innovative ways were needed to extend the reach of ICT to the most remote corners of the continent. "I am confident that with the entrepreneurial spirit of the African private sector working with their international partners, the support of the international community and the commitment from governments, universal connectivity in Africa is no longer a utopian dream." "This is not a technology problem — the technology is waiting to be deployed," said Mr Craig Barrett, who serves both as Chairman of Intel Corporation and the United Nations’ Global Alliance for Information and Communication Technologies and Development. "We now need the government priorities, decisions, and policies to drive the implementation of a pan-African infrastructure." International commitments for ICT The European Commission announced support for trans-African networks that facilitate interconnectivity. An EU Trust Fund for Africa of almost 100 million Euros in grants and some 260 Million Euros for loans has been established along with the European Investment Bank and ten EU member states for the period 2007-2008. The fund, which will be substantially replenished at the end of 2008, will finance cross-border projects or national projects with a regional and continental impact that would include ICT. The Commission also announced a contribution of Euro 6 Million to support ITU’s regulatory reform initiatives in Africa. The World Bank Group announced that it expects to double its commitment to ICT in Africa to USD 2 billion by 2012 from its current investment programme of USD 1 billion over the last five years. The financing will continue to promote private sector participation. The African Development Bank (AfDB) has scaled up its investments in infrastructure, and expects to invest 60% of its concessional resources on infrastructure, including ICT, in the next three years. AfDB has committed close to USD 65 million to two key regional infrastructure projects: RASCOM and EASSy. "The development banks and other financing partners have a responsibility to step in where gaps are holding back development in the region," said Dr Donald Kaberuka, President of AfDB. Over one thousand participants, including six Heads of State, took part in the Connect Africa Summit in Kigali, Rwanda, from 29 to 30 October 2007. Tel. 254 720 318 925 blog:http://beckyit.blogspot.com/ __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com

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FW: East African Outsourcing & Contact Centre Conference & Exhibition 27-28 November 2007, Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi
by Kevit Desai 02 Nov '07

02 Nov '07

Dear Members, Circulate... _____ From: Sean Moroney [mailto:seanm@aitecafrica.com] Sent: Thursday, November 01, 2007 9:48 AM To: 'Kevit Desai' Cc: 'Judith Juma' Subject: RE: East African Outsourcing & Contact Centre Conference & Exhibition 27-28 November 2007, Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi Hi Kevit. We'd appreciate it if could help us promote the conference by distributing the attached brochure . Regards Sean Sean Moroney Chairman AITEC Africa <mailto:seanm@aitecafrica.com> seanm(a)aitecafrica.com UK Tel: +44(0)1480-880774 UK Fax: +44(0)1480-880765 UK Mobile: +44(0)7973-499224 Kenya Mobile: +254(0)721-845674 Nigeria Mobile: +234(0)802-0571766 SA Mobile: +27(0)72-610-7153 Skype: seanmoroney <http://www.aitecafrica.com> www.aitecafrica.com Registered as:AITEC Conferences Ltd at Companies House, No. 4698475. Address: Cromer House, Caxton Way, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2DF, UK _____ From: Kevit Desai [mailto:kevit@centurionsystemsltd.com] Sent: 31 October 2007 09:20 To: seanm(a)aitecafrica.com Cc: 'Judith Juma' Subject: RE: East African Outsourcing & Contact Centre Conference & Exhibition 27-28 November 2007, Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi Dear Sean, I would appreciate if KEPSA would be included to participate in the conference as a speaker. Regards, Kevit Desai Director of Engineering - Centurion Systems Ltd Chairperson IEEE - Kenya Section Governor - KEPSA Director - KEPSA Director - Innovation Africa Director - Kenya ICT Federation BOA - AIESEC Member - National Strategy for University Education General Co-Chair - Africon 2009 2nd Fl, New Rehema Hse, Raphta Rd, Westlands -Nairobi P.O. BOX 66031 - 00800 Nrb. Tel:+254 20 4440102/3 Fax: +254 20 4440104 CDMA: 020 2049750 Mobile: +254 722 517067 http://www.centurionsystemsltd.com <http://www.centurionsystemsltd.com/> http://www.ieee.org <http://www.ieee.org/> http://www.engineeringexhibition.com <http://www.engineeringexhibition.com/> http://www.innovation-africa.net <http://www.innovation-africa.net/> http://www.kepsa.or.ke <http://www.kepsa.or.ke/> http://www.powerup.co.ke <http://www.powerup.co.ke/> http://www.aiesec.org <http://www.aiesec.org/> http://www.africon2007.co.za <http://www.africon2007.co.za/> http://www.kif.or.ke <http://www.kif.or.ke/> _____ From: Judith Juma [mailto:judym@in-sync.co.ke] Sent: Thursday, October 25, 2007 3:20 PM To: Undisclosed-Recipient:; Subject: East African Outsourcing & Contact Centre Conference & Exhibition 27-28 November 2007, Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi Dear Sir/Madam, RE: Invitation to the 3rd East African Outsourcing & Contact Centre Event 27-28 November, 2007, Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi In response to the growing interest in and potential of this sub-sector, AITEC Africa/In-Sync Ltd is holding the East African Outsourcing & Call Centre Conference in Nairobi in order to highlight the business potential for the East African region across all aspects of BPO, including: 1. Simple bulk transactions, such as processing of stock trades or credit card transactions. The world market size of this segment is forecast at $58 billion in 2008, and it is the easiest segment to master. 2. BPO services, covering human resources and finance and administration, is a segment of similar value that calls for more sophisticated skills from vendors. 3. A smaller segment of high-volume vertical processes such as the administration of insurance policies and the processing of loan applications. 4. Contact Centre services for enterprises and government departments in domestic national and regional markets. The East African Outsourcing & Contact Centre Conference will provide participants with the insights they need to assess the potential of this rapidly expanding sector for their organisations. You cannot afford to ignore the business potential - but you also must not enter this field blindly without assessing the risks as well as the opportunities. Delegates and exhibitors will attend this unique event in order to add to their own store of knowledge by capitalizing on the expertise and experience of their colleagues. Who are the Forums aimed at? The conference will have several key audiences: . Policy-makers & regulators . Existing call centre & BPO operators . Prospective operators . Telecom operators . Potential investors/investment funds . Client service managers from government and private sector organisations . Academics . Equipment & system manufacturers, developers, consultants, suppliers Attached find the conference brochure, draft programme and registration form for your consideration. For more information and to book your slot kindly contact the undersigned. Regards Judith Juma In-Sync Ltd Dik Dik Gardens| Kileleshwa PO Box 63103-00619, Nairobi, Kenya Tel: +254 20 4451655 | Tel/Fax: +254 20 4451655 Mobile: +254 722 150272| Email: judym(a)in-sync.co.ke Web:www.aitecafrica.com

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12th Executive Course on Telecom Reform, 2-6 March 2008, Singapore
by Edith Adera 02 Nov '07

02 Nov '07

FYI Date: Mon, 22 Oct 2007 05:30:50 -0200 From: Rohan Samarajiva <samarajiva(a)lirne.net> Reply-to: training(a)lirne.net To: training(a)lirne.net Subject: 12th Executive Course on Telecom Reform, 2-6 March 2008, Singapore User-Agent: Internet Messaging Program (IMP) H3 (4.1.3) X-AntiAbuse: This header was added to track abuse, please include it with any abuse report X-AntiAbuse: Primary Hostname - host.comunica.org X-AntiAbuse: Original Domain - idrc.or.ke X-AntiAbuse: Originator/Caller UID/GID - [47 12] / [47 12] X-AntiAbuse: Sender Address Domain - lirne.net Course Announcement 12th Executive Course on Telecom Reform: Strategies to achieve connectivity and convergence, 2-6 March 2008, Changi Village Hotel (), Singapore (The following course announcement can also be viewed at the link below: http://www.lirneasia.net/training-courses/12th-lirnenet-course-singapore-ma…) LIRNEasia and CONNECTasia Forum Pte. Ltd. The current stage of telecom and ICT reform poses many challenges to governments, regulatory agencies, operators, and other stakeholders. The certainties of yesterday are no more: individual assignments of frequencies are being questioned in the light of new standards such as Wi-Fi and WiMax; the distinctions between wired and wireless are being blurred; classic price regulation is becoming less central to the missions of regulatory agencies and new market friendly mechanisms for extending connectivity are beginning to be implemented; and all industry players are being challenged to address content issues at various levels. More is being demanded of the regulatory process and agencies, with the same resources. Operators have to understand the regulatory process well so that they can navigate its complexities. With telecom assuming a more prominent position in economies and societies, civil society and media have to equip themselves to participate in its governance. Knowledge to deal with these new challenges is vital; the opportunity to reflect on these issues in the company of peers and away from the daily demands of the office environment is essential. The 12th Telecom Reform Course offered by LIRNEasia and CONNECTasia Forum Pte.Ltd. (the third in Singapore) offers that learning opportunity. It is designed to enhance the strategic thinking of a select group of senior decision makers in the telecom and related sectors in the Asia Pacific and elsewhere. After having been offered in Europe, Africa, the Caribbean and Latin America, the course is now being taught on a regular schedule every March in Singapore. Attendance at Telecom Reform courses is capped at 40. Attendees will include regulators and senior officials of regulatory agencies; senior regulatory staff at operators; and leaders of consumer and other organizations participating in reform processes. In addition to Dr. Rohan Samarajiva who designed and led the recent Telecom Reform courses, Dr. Tim Kelly (Head, Telecom Standardization Policy Division, International Telecommunication Union), Mr. Rajendra Singh (former Secretary, TRAI, currently with the World Bank), Mr. Muhammed Aslam Hayat (Regulatory Consultant to Grameen Phone), Dr. Harsha de Silva (Lead Economist, LIRNEasia) and Ms. Helani Galpaya (Director of Strategic Development, LIRNEasia) have agreed to share their expertise. At recent courses, keynote presentations were delivered by speakers of the caliber of Mr. M.H. Au (Director General of Telecom, Hong Kong China), Dr. Hans Wijayasuriya (CEO, Dialog Telekom, Sri Lanka), Mr. Andy Haire (Assistant Director General, InfoComm Development Authority, Singapore), and Mr. Satish Ranade (Vice President?Legal, VSNL). LIRNEasia courses provide cutting-edge, policy-relevant knowledge presented by reflective practitioners, addressing the most pressing regulatory issues and drawing from ongoing research. The 2008 Course will include presentations on benchmark regulation and demand analysis that draw from ongoing research projects. The final agenda with confirmed speakers will be provided closer to the date. COURSE FEE, INCLUSIVE OF COURSE MATERIAL, 5 NIGHTS OF 4-STAR HOTEL ACCOMMODATION, 5 BREAKFASTS, 4 LUNCHES, 2 DINNERS, AND REFRESHMENTS DURING BREAKS Government/regulatory agency (1st participant) Government/regulatory agency (additional participants from same entity) Public or private operators and other private sector (1st participant) Public or private operators and other private sector (additional participants from same entity) Civil society, non-profit and educational institutions; media organizations The fee (and scholarship) covers: program tuition, reading and classroom material; accommodation for five nights (arrival March 2nd, departure March 7th) (additional nights may be arranged direct with the hotel); 5 breakfasts (March 3-7); 4 lunches (March 3-6); 7 refreshment breaks and opening and closing dinners (March 2 and March 5) only. Changi Village is a beach resort hotel optimized for conventions and meetings. Many dinner options are available at the hotel and within walking distance of hotel (hawkers? market and restaurants). The fee does not cover airfare and any additional activities within Singapore. Registrations are on a first-come-first-served basis until the course limit is reached. Registrations close February 4th, 2008. The hotel is very close to the Changi Airport and offers hourly free shuttles which may be taken or an efficient Singapore taxi will take you to the hotel for less than USD 5 (they take credit cards; but you may wish to change currency at the airport). For a valid registration, the completed registration form must be received and full payment must be deposited in the Connectasia Forum Pte. Ltd. account: The Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation Limited, HSBC Payments Department, 60A Orchard Road #01-02, The Atrium@Orchard, Singapore 238890; Account name: CONNECTasia Forum Pte. Ltd.; Account number: 260-531520-178 (USD account); SWIFT code: HSBCSGSG. For cancellations after February 4th, 2008 no refunds can be made, though the organizers will be

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FW: Research and Training Manager Advert
by Kevit Desai 01 Nov '07

01 Nov '07

Dear Members, Sambazaa.... Regards, Mike _____ From: Neema Nzimbi [mailto:nnzimbi@atpsnet.org] Sent: Tuesday, October 30, 2007 11:42 AM To: Undisclosed-Recipient:; Subject: Research and Training Manager Advert Kindly circulate. Regards, Neema

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Internet-pioneer-leaves-oversight-group
by Wanjira, Alice Munyua 31 Oct '07

31 Oct '07

http://www.theage.com.au/news/web/net-pioneer-leaves-oversight-group/ 2007/10/29/1193555566207.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap1 October 29, 2007 - 9:52AM In the 1970s, Vint Cerf played a leading role in developing the internet's technical foundation. For the past seven years, he's faced the more daunting task of leading a key agency that oversees his creation. After fending off an international rebellion and planting the seeds for streamlining operations, Cerf is stepping down this week as chairman of the Internet Corporation of Assigned Names and Numbers. "My sentence is up," Cerf said with his characteristic sense of humour, which he and others credit for helping him steer the organisation through several high-profile battles from which it emerged more stable and stronger. Cerf, 64, who's also a senior executive at internet search leader Google, joined ICANN in 1999, a year after its formation to oversee domain names and other internet addressing policies. Cerf was elected chairman in 2000 and leaves the unpaid position after Friday's board meeting in Los Angeles because of term limits. When he joined the board, many questioned whether ICANN would survive. Now - though some people still complain that ICANN is arbitrary, secretive and slow - the focus is more on improving it than replacing it. Under Cerf, the organisation withstood power struggles and ballooned in size. It also has shown signs of movement on key issues: After years of debate, for instance, it is now beginning to create mechanisms for more easily adding internet addresses, including domain names in languages besides English. "In some respects it has gained credibility," Cerf said. "It is now part of the internet universe as opposed to a thing that was open to some serious debate." That has been particularly so since ICANN, teaming with the U.S. diplomats, resisted efforts by China, Brazil and other developing countries to replace the group with a more U.N.-like organisation over which world governments would have greater control. Among other things, ICANN critics wanted quicker action on addresses in other languages, saying the current restrictions are akin to requiring all English speakers to type in Chinese. Many foreign governments also resented the U.S. government's veto power over the Marina del Rey, Calif.-based nonprofit agency. Calls to strip ICANN and the United States - of its oversight of domain names, which are key for computers to find Web sites and route e-mails, grew as world leaders gathered in Geneva for the 2003 U.N. World Summit on the Information Society. The European Union even joined by the time the summit convened again in 2005, in Tunis, Tunisia. But ICANN ultimately emerged intact. Credit goes to many people besides Cerf, yet many say he had the gravitas to meet with heads of states and senior ministers - and tell them, "no." "He has a certain star quality," said Paul Twomey, ICANN's chief executive since 2003. "He can open a door. He can talk to anybody. He can say, 'Me and my colleagues actually invented the internet and here's how it works.' There was a lot of ignorance, and he was able to say, 'It just doesn't work the way you think it works.'" Cerf tested the first internet hookups in 1969 when he was a graduate student at UCLA. As a professor at Stanford University in the 1970s, Cerf led a team that invented the protocols, known as TCP/IP, that now serve as the internet's basic communications tools. Known since as one of the internet's founding fathers, Cerf continued working on internet technology at the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and later developed MCI Mail, the internet's first commercial e-mail service. Google lured him in 2005 to be its "chief internet evangelist" and gave him an office a few doors from CEO Eric Schmidt. In 1997, then-President Clinton presented Cerf and TCP/IP co-inventor Robert Kahn the National Medal of Technology, and in 2005 President Bush gave the pair the Presidential Medal of Freedom. As ICANN chairman, Cerf has played a hands-on role, attending many committee meetings and workshops in his trademark three-piece suit, often asking questions and contributing his know-how. Jeffrey Eckhaus, a business development director at domain registration company Register.com Inc., found him "very knowledgeable about every single topic that would go on. He would really know all the ins and outs." Besides his sense of humour and his technical knowledge, Cerf brought business and administrative acumen, many ICANN participants say. He has a slew of anecdotes ready and has displayed a willingness to listen to concerns and "engage with people from heads of states down to university students," Twomey said. Now that Cerf has guided ICANN from nearly its inception through a tumultuous adolescence and into early adulthood, many believe it's time for an ICANN driven more by procedures than personality. "It doesn't demean Cerf's towering legacy to say people are ready for a change," said Milton Mueller, a Syracuse University professor and frequent ICANN critic. The short list of potential successors includes telecommunications expert Roberto Gaetano and lawyer Peter Dengate Thrush. Both have been active with ICANN, but neither has Cerf's name recognition or long-standing ties to the internet. "The bad news is we're not going to find another Vint," said Steve Crocker, a high school classmate of Cerf's and fellow internet pioneer. "It's equally a form of good news. We're now going to go through a period where ordinary mortals are managing things." Even with Cerf's clout, ICANN has had its share of battles. For one, a decision to reverse preliminary support for a proposed ".xxx" domain name for porn sites was criticized as arbitrary and politically influenced. During Cerf's tenure, ICANN's staff and budget have grown, permitting faster response. Its roughly 100 staff members are paid out of a $41.6 million budget for fiscal 2008, compared with about a dozen employed during fiscal 2001, when ICANN budgeted $3.78 million for operating expenses. The board and its constituency committees have reorganized numerous times in an effort to better reflect the internet community, and minutes to private board meetings have been posted more quickly to improve transparency. Nonetheless, many critics still complain that ICANN has neither opened the decision-making process enough nor acted as quickly as it should on issues like adding domain names after several years, it is just now streamlining the approval process. Few of those complaints, however, are directed at Cerf. "It would have been a lot more without Vint," said David Farber, former chief technologist for the Federal Communications Commission. "I don't have warm, fuzzy feelings about ICANN, but Vint is not a person you want to get into battles with. He's a nice guy. He's smart. He's reasonable to talk to." Cerf plans to disengage entirely from ICANN for at least a year, freeing him to write books and devote more time to his Google duties. "This is a very important test ICANN both must pass and will pass, that it can withstand a change of its senior management," Cerf said. "I have no hesitation at all turning this over to a new team." AP

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Reuters/Nokia Collaboration Has Potential for Citizen Journalists
by Rebecca Wanjiku 31 Oct '07

31 Oct '07

Tel. 254 720 318 925 blog:http://beckyit.blogspot.com/ Reuters and Nokia Research Center have teamed up to advance the usage of mobile journalism with the release of a new mobile toolkit and reporting try-out. Although the initiative is currently aimed at professional reporters, the project has implications for citizen journalists around the world. In a trial that began over the summer, Reuters journalists were given a lightweight " mobile toolkit " that included a Nokia N95 mobile phone, a tripod, a folding bluetooth keyboard, a Sony microphone, and Power Monkeys. The Power Monkey Explorer was used in Senegal and allowed the phone to be charged using solar power. The toolkit also includes text editing and multimedia capabilities. According to Nokia, "metadata facilities" combine everything that the phone already knows about the story, such as GPS location, time, date and other information. The toolkit allows journalists to write and publish stories from the field to deliver up-to-date news and instant reporting. The trial involved journalists reporting on everything from New York Fashion Week to the US presidential campaign. Archived stories are available on Reuters Mobile Journalism website. Although the mobile toolkit's usage has been confined to professional journalists, usage could be expanded in the future to include non-professionals as well. According to Nokia's press release, The implications of the research could be much wider in the long term. Timo Koskinen, project manager with Nokia Research Center, said: "The term 'citizen journalism' has been in use for several years, but technological innovations - particularly the introduction of mobile multimedia computers - have transformed the concept. 'Citizen journalism' is beginning to embrace a wide range of public engagement with the media, from groups of contributors organized around subject or geographic areas to the casual participation of observers who are lucky - or unlucky - enough to be at the scene of a newsworthy event." The Nokia/Reuters collaboration joins other mobile journalism projects, including Voices of Africa, a project of AfricaNews that we have previously written about. Voices of Africa allows citizen journalists throughout Africa to submit videos, photos, and stories via mobile phone. The project seeeks to make news coverage more democratic by expanding reporting abilities to those who aren't represented by the conventional media with the basic premise that "the bigger the number of people expressing their opinions through that technology, the stronger becomes democracy, and the more valuable is the contribution to good governance efforts in Africa." http://mobileactive.org/reuters-nokia-collaboration visit our website at www.penplusbytes.net our blog is located at http://penplusbytes.blogspot.com/ --- --You are currently subscribed to penplusbytes as: rebeccawanjiku(a)yahoo.com --To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave-penplusbytes-352938B(a)dgroups.org Penplusbytes online list is hosted on Dgroups- a joint initiative of Bellanet, DFID, Hivos, ICA, IICD, OneWorld, UNAIDS __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com

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ICANN opens 30th meeting in LA
by Rebecca Wanjiku 30 Oct '07

30 Oct '07

ICANN Opens Historic 30th International Public Meeting in L.A. Meeting marks end of Vint Cerf's term, offers updates on major changes to Internet 29 October 2007 LOS ANGELES: The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers has opened its 30th International Public Meeting in Los Angeles. "It's fitting to host such an historic meeting in California. ICANN will be looking at issues impacting the future of the Internet in the place where, in many ways, the Internet was born and grew up," said Dr Paul Twomey, ICANN's President and CEO. "The ICANN model is working and these meetings are pivotal. As a bottom up, consensus-driven organization, help us get the community together to discuss the direction we need to head, and how we will get there." Attendees and on-line participants can be part of more than 30 sessions and workshops, and will help ICANN continue improving the global coordination of the Internet's unique identifiers. Some of the highlights of the Los Angeles meeting include: ICANN's ongoing technical test of Internationalized Domain Names, Developing policies on how IDNs will be implemented so global internet users can get their names in their languages, A major workshop on Increasing consumer choice through the development of the application and approval process for new generic top-level domains (gTLDs, which are the part of web addresses after the dot — like .com or .info), Enhancing protection for domain name registrants through amendments to the Registrar Accreditation Agreement. "I can't over emphasize the importance of IDNs and new gTLDs — when ICANN reaches the implementation point on these projects we will see an incredible change in the way people interact with the Internet and each other," Dr Twomey added. "ICANN stands for a single, globally interoperable Internet — and the work on IDNs and new gTLDs is part of enhancing that." Dr Twomey also welcomed the announcement from the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Telecommunications and Information Administration that the NTIA will consult with interested stakeholders regarding the mid-term review of the Joint Project Agreement (JPA) between the Department and ICANN. "ICANN and the Department agreed to a mid term review in 2006," Assistant Secretary for Communications and Information John Kneuer said at the ICANN meeting this morning. "It is important that all interested stakeholders have an opportunity to directly share their views on ICANN during the JPA mid-term review," Kneuer added. "We feel strongly that our review must be informed by your experiences with ICANN and perspectives regarding its evolution." The NTIA release is available at http://www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/press/2007/PR_ICANNJPA_10292007.html. "We welcome this public consultation. ICANN stands for one, global interoperable Internet. If you believe in that, this is your opportunity to tell the NTIA that the ICANN model is our best one to ensure co-ordination not control," Dr Twomey added. "It's also an historic meeting because it is Vint Cerf's last official function as board chair," Dr Twomey added. "His contributions to ICANN, and the Internet, have been immeasurable. We are going to celebrate his achievements at a special tribute during the meeting." The complete schedule for ICANN's Los Angeles meeting, as well as links to webcast sessions and our public participation website, can be found at: http://losangeles2007.icann.org/. . Tel. 254 720 318 925 blog:http://beckyit.blogspot.com/ __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com

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ITU and AfDB join hands
by Rebecca Wanjiku 30 Oct '07

30 Oct '07

ITU and AfDB join forces to Interconnect African Capitals and Major Cities Collaboration to achieve key Connect Africa Summit Goals Issued jointly by ITU and the African Development Bank Kigali, Rwanda, 30 October 2007 — The International Telecommunication Union and the African Development Bank (AfDB) agreed to collaborate on interconnecting all African capitals and major cities with ICT broadband infrastructure and strengthen connectivity to the rest of the world by 2012. Commenting on the challenge ahead, Mr Kaberuka said, “In recent years, private investment in ICT infrastructure, especially in mobile phone networks, has had an enormous impact in many parts of Africa, but major gaps remain. The development banks and other financing partners have a responsibility to step in where these gaps are holding back development in the region.” Secretary-General of ITU, Dr Hamadoun Touré and President of the African Development Bank (AfDB) Mr Donald Kaberuka announced this today at the Connect Africa Summit in Kigali, Rwanda. “The solution for African development is not charity,” Dr Touré said. “African countries need modern, reliable broadband ICT infrastructure to attract investment for jobs and economic growth. This is about economic independence and strengthening Africa’s competitive position in the global economy.” As part of this collaboration, ITU and AfDB will actively mobilize partners and financing to close ICT broadband infrastructure gaps between major centres in Africa. AfDB hosts the Secretariat of the African Infrastructure Consortium, which brings together major donors and financial institutions active in the region. This group plays a crucial role in the financing of projects, as well as in ensuring a coherent approach among those involved. “The Bank aims to stimulate economic growth and climate and facilitate economic integration. We want to make the economies of Africa more competitive, and therefore AfDB is committing to the development of information and communication technology across the continent,” Dr Kaberuka said. To support the implementation of ICT infrastructure projects funded by the AfDB or other interested financing partners, ITU will serve as an executing agency and provide telecommunications expertise and technical assistance, where the need arises. ITU will also mobilize its base of more than 650 Sector Members, including many leading ICT industry players. To support new ICT infrastructure investments and fill in remaining gaps, ITU and AfDB will jointly undertake feasibility studies and develop project proposals in consultation with Member States and other stakeholders in the region. With the aim of rationalizing available funds and building on efforts in other sectors, ITU and AfDB will also work together to promote wider integration of ICT with other major infrastructure investments. This would include laying broadband fibre alongside transport and energy projects, as well as encouraging innovative infrastructure sharing approaches among telecommunication/ICT operators. ITU and AfDB also agreed to collaborate in assisting countries to develop policies and regulations to encourage new ICT infrastructure investments. About AfDB The African Development Bank Group is Africa’s premier development finance institution which is dedicated to combating poverty and improving living conditions across the continent. The ADB Group is also engaged in mobilizing resources for the economic and social progress of its Regional Member Countries. The Bank’s mission is to promote economic and social development through loans, equity investments and technical assistance. The Group includes: The African Development Bank (ADB) is a multilateral development bank whose shareholders include 53 African countries (regional member countries—RMCs) and 24 non-African countries from the Americas, Asia, and Europe (non-regional member countries—non-RMCs). It was established in 1964, with its headquarters in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, and officially began operations in 1967. The Bank has been operating from its Temporary Relocation Agency in Tunis since February 2003. The African Development Fund (ADF). Established in 1973, the ADF, which comprises the ADB and State Participants, became operational in 1974. Its main objective is to reduce poverty in RMCs by providing low-income RMCs with concessional loans and grants for projects and programs, as well as technical assistance for studies and capacity-building activities. About ITU ITU is the leading United Nations agency for information and communication technology issues, and the global focal point for governments and the private sector in developing networks and services. For more than 140 years, ITU has coordinated the shared global use of the radio spectrum, promoted international cooperation in assigning satellite orbits, worked to improve telecommunication infrastructure in the developing world, and established the worldwide standards that foster seamless interconnection of a vast range of communications systems. ITU also organizes worldwide and regional exhibitions and forums bringing together the most influential representatives of government and the telecommunications industry to exchange ideas, knowledge and technology for the benefit of the global community, and in particular the developing world. From broadband internet to latest-generation wireless technologies, from aeronautical and maritime navigation to radio astronomy and satellite-based meteorology, from phone and fax services to TV broadcasting and next-generation networks, ITU continues to play a central role in helping the world communicate. About Connect Africa The Connect Africa Summit takes place in Kigali, Rwanda, 29-30 October 2007, under the patronage of Mr Paul Kagame, President of the Republic of Rwanda and Mr John Kufuor, President of the Republic of Ghana and Chairman of the African Union. It is being organized by the International Telecommunication Union, the African Union, the World Bank Group and the United Nations Global Alliance for ICT and Development, in partnership with the African Development Bank, the African Telecommunication Union, the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa and the Global Digital Solidarity Fund. The overall objective of the Connect Africa Summit is to mobilize the human, financial and technical resources required to close Information and Communication Technology (ICT) gaps throughout Africa. The Summit offers a venue for leaders from the public, private and financial sectors to network face-to-face and forge new partnerships. Debate centres on the key success factors vital to advance ICT investment and boost growth in Africa, including the expansion of broadband infrastructure, “last mile” access and rural connectivity solutions, establishing a business-friendly policy and regulatory environment, developing an ICT skilled workforce and relevant applications and services, and striking a balance between private and public investment. Tel. 254 720 318 925 blog:http://beckyit.blogspot.com/ __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com

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Fwd: [TIER] Wireless School at ICTP
by Eric Osiakwan 30 Oct '07

30 Oct '07

Begin forwarded message: > From: Marco Zennaro <mzennaro(a)ictp.it> > Date: 30 October 2007 11:43:35 GMT+03:00 > To: tier(a)tier.cs.berkeley.edu > Subject: [TIER] Wireless School at ICTP > > The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) > is organizing a School on "New Perspectives in Wireless Networking > Applications", to be followed by "Relevance of Low Cost Wireless > ICT Solutions for Development: an Awareness Workshop" from 11 > February to 5 March 2008. The venue will be ICTP in Trieste, Italy. > > > PURPOSE AND NATURE > The School is addressed to a limited number of candidates coming > from academic and research institutions of Developing Countries and > having an adequate working knowledge of IP networking. It will > include tutorial lectures and laboratory work, where wireless > solutions will be experienced through hands-on-sessions. > > The Laboratory work will be dedicated to practical exercises and > demonstrations on: > > - Basics of wireless networking with Wi-Fi/WiMax technologies > - Wireless Sensor Networks > - Powering remote sites > > AWARENESS WORKSHOP > In the Awareness Workshop participants and international experts > will discuss the most advanced and cost-effective low cost wireless > technology available to help the educational, scientific, social > and economic development of Least Developed Countries. > > Deadline for requesting participation is 5 November 2007. > > > More info is available at: http://cdsagenda5.ictp.trieste.it/ > full_display.php?smr=0&ida=a07142 > > > Marco Zennaro > Aeronomy and Radiopropagation Laboratory > the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics > Strada Costiera 11 > 34014 Trieste > Italy > > Telephone: +39 040 2240 406 > E-mail: mzennaro(a)ictp.it > > > > _______________________________________________ > TIER mailing list > Website: http://tier.cs.berkeley.edu > TIER(a)tier.cs.berkeley.edu > https://www.millennium.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/tier Eric M.K Osiakwan Executive Secretary AfrISPA (www.afrispa.org) Tel: + 233.21.258800 ext 2031 Fax: + 233.21.258811 Cell: + 233.244.386792 Handle: eosiakwan Snail Mail: Pmb 208, Accra-North Office: BusyInternet - 42 Ring Road Central, Accra-North Blog: http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/eric/ Slang: "Tomorrow Now"

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Intellectual Property (IP), Copyrights, Infringement, Access to Knowledge
by Alex Gakuru 29 Oct '07

29 Oct '07

Dear All, I have an assignment that will definitely strengthen the consumer but for that to happen much sooner,better, and a lot easier I need your help. A practical example: Cyber cafes around town infringing on Microsoft Windows 2000 have less than 1-month to purchase XP or Vista else they will be arraigned in court by the company and/or its agents. Anyone who wants to purchase "licences" for the Windows 2000 cannot do so because Microsoft says they no longer support that product. This means that one has to upgrade to Vista, quite an unpopular product according to this study: http://www.windowsvistaweblog.com/2007/09/22/2-percent-of-companies-upgrade… Meagre revenue generating Cyber cafe are expected to spend more 15 million in new hardware to support vista in addition to Microsoft software licenses else they face legal action. Fortunately, Free and Open Source Software run very fast on old computers. (Mine is 533 MHz! and it runs great) In total, Kenya has about 700,000 computers most running on whatever windows and it is also said that the level of infringement is 85% (see below). If every computer were to run on "licensed" windows, them the capital flight from Kenya would be 700,000(PCs) x 17, 000 (windowsXP) = Kshs 11,900,000,000 (approx.20 billion). Add Shs 17.5 billion for Microsoft Office retailing at Kshs 25,000 per copy making a total of shillings 29.4 billion (about the amount Finance Ministry hopes to get from sale of Safaricom shares?) Free and Open Source Software has free OpenOffice and hundred of thousands of other free software... ------------------------------------------------------------- Country GDP/cap (US$) PCs('000) Piracy ------------------------------------------------------------- Kenya 1,200 700 81% S.Africa 13,300 3,100 35% USA 44,000 200,000 21% Malawi 600 60 85% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Source: Speaker at Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation's "Connecting Rural Communities-Africa Forum" at Nairobi. (I prefer use of "license infringement" as opposed to pre-condemning "piracy") In order to assist me in addressing this consumer and development and related issues, please fill and send back the attached questionnaire.For more info see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Access_to_Knowledge_movement. I have attached the questionnaire in two of various "save as" formats OpenOffice Word Processor offers ( Microsoft Word".doc" and OpenOffice .odt). Please fill and return ASAP to help me make a more informed Rapid Assessment Study. asante. Alex __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com

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ITU and Microsoft launch online platform to track ICT development
by Rebecca Wanjiku 29 Oct '07

29 Oct '07

ITU and Microsoft launch online platform to track ICT development Support for ICT infrastructure and capacity building pledged at Connect Africa Summit Issued jointly by ITU and Microsoft Kigali, Rwanda, 29 October 2007 - ITU Global View, a virtual earth-based online platform to track and help accelerate the implementation of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) goals in Africa was launched today on the opening day of the Connect Africa Summit. Governments, along with industry, development banks and international organizations are gathered in Kigali to mobilize the human, financial and technical resources required to expand the development of ICT infrastructure and ensure it is used effectively in pursuit of the WSIS development goals for Africa. For full text see: http://www.itu.int/newsroom/press_releases/2007/32.html __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com

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Fwd: [Fibre-for-africa] Statement from CS meeting on African Connectivity Kigali Oct 2007
by Eric Osiakwan 29 Oct '07

29 Oct '07

fyi Begin forwarded message: > From: "Anriette Esterhuysen" <anriette(a)apc.org> > Date: 29 October 2007 16:44:29 GMT+03:00 > To: aPC-forum(a)lists.apc.org > Cc: fibre-for-africa(a)lists.apc.org, apc.africa(a)lists.apc.org > Subject: [Fibre-for-africa] Statement from CS meeting on African > Connectivity Kigali Oct 2007 > Reply-To: anriette(a)apc.org, APC - Private list for use by EASSY > Workshop Participants <fibre-for-africa(a)lists.apc.org> > > Hallo all > > For all your information. > > Attached is a statement developed by APC and > partners (CIPESA, AfrISPA, KictaNet, OSIWA, > and RERN) held in Kigali, Rwanda on 28 > October 2007 prior to the Connect Africa > Summit convened by the ITU on 29 and 30 > October. Please address queries to Abi Jagun > (abi(a)apc.org) and Coura Fall > (coura(a)apc.org) > > Anriette > > PS- APC members and partners and friends in > Kigali please note we are meeting for dinner at > Hotel Chez Lando at 19h30 today, 29 October > 2007. > > > ------------------------------------------------------ > Anriette Esterhuysen, Executive Director > Association for Progressive Communications > anriette(a)apc.org > http://www.apc.org > PO Box 29755, Melville, South Africa. 2109 > Tel. 27 11 726 1692 > Fax 27 11 726 1692 > > The following section of this message contains a file attachment > prepared for transmission using the Internet MIME message format. > If you are using Pegasus Mail, or any other MIME-compliant system, > you should be able to save it or view it from within your mailer. > If you cannot, please ask your system administrator for assistance. > > ---- File information ----------- > File: Kigali_mtng_recom291007.pdf > Date: 29 Oct 2007, 15:43 > Size: 56319 bytes. > Type: Unknown_______________________________________________ > Fibre-for-africa mailing list > Fibre-for-africa(a)lists.apc.org > http://lists.apc.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fibre-for-africa Eric M.K Osiakwan Executive Secretary AfrISPA (www.afrispa.org) Tel: + 233.21.258800 ext 2031 Fax: + 233.21.258811 Cell: + 233.244.386792 Handle: eosiakwan Snail Mail: Pmb 208, Accra-North Office: BusyInternet - 42 Ring Road Central, Accra-North Blog: http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/eric/ Slang: "Tomorrow Now"

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Fwd: (KAZI-AFRICA) THE APPRENTICE!!!- Africa!!
by Michael Kipsang Bullut 27 Oct '07

27 Oct '07

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GET YOUR HANDS OFF THE WEB
by Alex Gakuru 27 Oct '07

27 Oct '07

Others say.. GET YOUR HANDS OFF THE WEB [SOURCE: BusinessWeek, AUTHOR: Stephen H. Wildstrom] [Comentary] The behavior of the top telecommunications companies, especially Verizon Communications and AT&T, has convinced me that more government involvement is needed to keep communications free of corporate interference. There's a certain irony here. The carriers warn that without premiums to pay for advanced services, the U.S. risks falling behind other nations in broadband. But the U.S. is already losing ground to the rest of the industrialized world in broadband speed and percentage of homes served. Last year the U.S. fell from 12th to 15th in broadband penetration among 29 countries ranked by the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development. Most of those nations are enthusiastic regulators. The hands-off approach hasn't served consumers well. And the Web is far too important to entrust the free flow of information to the shifting whims of a few big companies. Government must step in and tell them to leave our content alone. http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/oct2007/tc20071024_623695.ht… ---------------------------------------------------------- WWWhatsup NYC http://pinstand.com - http://punkcast.com ---------------------------------------------------------- __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com

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Re: [kictanet] [Fibre-for-africa] RE: The tables are turned
by Eric Osiakwan 26 Oct '07

26 Oct '07

Dear Peter, I also think this should be abitration after the two parties did not agree between themselves but one of them prefered to take it to the regulator whether rightly or wrongly but thats their choice. The regulator can then ask them to go abitrate. In Ghana when a similar situation happened between GT and IGH, the issue went up the regulator and the regulator said, thier next line of call after they could not agree was to abitrate and if abitration does not work then they come to the regualtor and if the decision of the regulator does not work then the courts comes in. Our regulations provide for such progression but i dont know about yours, may be Alex G. can again come to my rescue. Your last issue boaders on dominate market share, now as far as i know Kenya does not have competition regulation but ideally that should take care of such growths in the market as it is in the EU. Am just reading a story of Microsft surcumbing to that regulation in the EU. Eric here On 23 Oct 2007, at 12:49, Peter Othino wrote: > Hi Eric, > > I do agree Michael Joseph and the situation should be arbitration > and not a > regulator handling commercial differences in the field. > > Looking at it on the reverse, the current Telkom Operation on their > CDMA > platform they are no different from a GSM provider yet I believe the > licensing conditions were different this to me has no direct > commercials but > a regulatory aspect but I do not remember it being handled despite > concerns > raised. I do not believe that parties need to complain for > regulation to be > effected as that would kill the whole concept and drive about self > regulation that is the ultimate desired position. > > Yet again if a provider gets powerful for it is position in the > market I > believe it is part of the Matrix as this comes either as tangible or > intangible value adds above the rest associated with the service > delivered. > > Thanks, > > Peter Othino > > > -----Original Message----- > From: Timothy Kasonde KASOLO [mailto:timothy@africonnect.co.zm] > Sent: Tuesday, October 23, 2007 12:08 PM > To: eadera(a)idrc.or.ke; APC - Private list for use by EASSY Workshop > Participants > Cc: APC - Private list for use by EASSY Workshop Participants; > KICTAnet ICT > Policy Discussions > Subject: RE: [Fibre-for-africa] RE: [kictanet] The tables are turned > > Hello, > I think the media needs to be balancing the articles .... > > Timothy > >> Michael, >> >> It would help to hear your side of the story so we can all be >> informed. >> >> We unfortunately do not have other sources of information at this >> point >> other than the media. >> >> Looking forward, >> >> Edith >> >> -original message- >> Subject: [Fibre-for-africa] RE: [kictanet] The tables are turned >> From: "Michael Joseph" <MJoseph(a)Safaricom.co.ke> >> Date: 23/10/2007 10:53 am >> >> What you have not mentioned whether the complaint had any merit and >> whether the Parties could not have resolved it between themselves >> rather >> than relying on the CCK to mediate every commercial dispute. There is >> much more to this than just the one-sided view quoted by the media >> but >> we have chosen not to try to resolve our disputes through the media. >> >> >> >> Regards >> >> >> >> Michael >> >> >> >> CEO >> >> Safaricom Limited >> >> >> >> ________________________________ >> >> From: kictanet-bounces+mjoseph=safaricom.co.ke(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke >> [mailto:kictanet-bounces >> +mjoseph=safaricom.co.ke(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke] >> On Behalf Of Eric Osiakwan >> Sent: Sunday, October 21, 2007 12:27 AM >> To: Michael Joseph >> Cc: APC - Private list for use by EASSY Workshop Participants; >> KICTAnet >> ICT Policy Discussions >> Subject: [kictanet] The tables are turned >> >> >> >> Dear All, >> >> >> >> We are really living in interesting times especially in the ICT >> industry >> because a few years ago, it was the mobile operators and ISPs who >> would >> be knocking on the doors of the regulator complaining and sometimes >> weeping at the anti-competitive practices of the imcumbent PTT >> towards >> them. >> >> >> >> Today the tables have turned and in Kenya as per the story below, >> Telkom >> Kenya is rather asking CCK to put Safaricom in check because they are >> acting anti-competitively on the SMS platform against their CDMA >> operation. Five years ago, this would have being an "incorrect >> prophesy" >> but it has happen sooner than all would have expected. >> >> >> >> What is more interesting is the fact that Safaricom is 60% owned by >> Telkom Kenya which is fully owned by government that means that the >> mobile operators have become so powerful that the combined years >> of PTT >> operation and their political forces cannot turn the tables except >> the >> mediation of the regulator. This confirms Russell Southwood's recent >> story of the emergence of the mobile operators as the new >> incumbents of >> our time. >> >> >> >> May be one good thing is the fact that the mobile incumbents are so >> powerful that not a combiantion of PTT operation and political forces >> can impact them except the court of the regulator so the political >> leadership in some of our countries would now see reason to >> strengthen >> their regulators and make them independent enough to be the pivot to >> balance the weight of the mobile operators against their "cash cow" >> incumbents. >> >> >> >> Eric here >> >> >> >> >> >> Telkom Lodges SMS Petition Against Safaricom in Kenya >> >> In the fight for control of Kenya's lucrative telecoms industry, >> competition is becoming a useful weapon in the hands of rival firms >> -especially those that need to play the catch-up game to remain in >> the >> race. >> >> This market share war has become so intense that players are breaking >> all boundaries in the corporate rulebook. >> >> Five months ago, mobile phone service provider Celtel took its bigger >> and only rival Safaricom before the market regulator, accusing it of >> playing unfairly in the market to the disadvantage of the consumer. >> >> Now it is the national operator Telkom's turn to lodge a landmark >> complaint against its subsidiary -Safaricom. >> >> In its letter to Mr John Waweru, the Communications Commission of >> Kenya >> director general, Telkom Kenya is accusing Safaricom of practising >> anti-competitive behaviour in the market -especially in the Short >> Messages Services (SMS) segment of the business. >> >> Telkom says Safaricom has been blocking the exchange of SMSs >> between the >> two networks, thereby denying its customers access to key services >> that >> the national operator is offering such as the one that enables >> them to >> check their voter registration details with the Electoral >> Commission of >> Kenya (ECK). >> >> "Telkom Kenya is concerned that Safaricom is engaging in >> anti-competitive behaviour and in essence abusing its dominant market >> position by introducing barriers to new entrants targeting SMS market >> segment," Telkom says. >> >> Public attention was first drawn to the matter after some Safaricom >> subscribers complained that Safaricom was charging them for >> undelivered >> SMSs to Telkom Kenya's Wireless network. SMSs to Telkom network >> got an >> automatic reply indicating that delivery had failed yet the consumers >> were being billed. >> >> Safaricom CEO Michael Joseph acknowledged that some of its >> subscribers >> had sent messages to Telkom Kenya during the test period and may have >> been charged erroneously. >> >> He said that although the company was not billing SMSs to Telkom >> Wireless network between August 13 and August 27, some of its >> customers >> may have been billed. Safaricom later agreed to refund the affected >> subscribers. >> >> Telkom says that on August 16, the two interconnectivity negotiating >> parties met and agreed on interconnection rate and a technical >> testing >> schedule. >> >> During this period the parties also exchanged SMS test templates >> to be >> adopted in the tests. Safaricom has however not cooperated in >> facilitating the process, making it unable to commercialise the >> service. >> >> The matter seems to have reached fever pitch after Safaricom >> introduced >> a voter registry query service similar to the one Telkom Kenya had >> rolled out after it won an ECK tender. >> >> Telkom Kenya is complaining that failure by Safaricom to activate the >> SMS service is affecting its ability to use an innovative platform >> that >> delivers voter registry query services by utilizing the 460 >> numeric to >> access the ECK database. >> >> Telkom Kenya says Safaricom acted maliciously in delaying to activate >> the SMS service only to launch a similar service. >> >> "We are perturbed that Safaricom, having not been involved in the >> initial tender process is currently able to provide a similar >> services >> using the 460 prefix. This is a totally unacceptable anti-competitive >> behaviour," Telkom says. >> >> Mr Joseph declined to comment on the matter saying it was already >> before >> an arbiter. >> >> Telkom Kenya is the majority shareholder at Safaricom with a 60 >> per cent >> stake. It co-owns the company with the United Kingdom's Vodafone Plc >> which has a 40 per cent stake in the firm. >> (Source: Business Daily) >> >> >> >> >> >> Eric M.K Osiakwan >> >> Executive Secretary >> >> AfrISPA (www.afrispa.org) >> >> Tel: + 233.21.258800 ext 2031 >> >> Fax: + 233.21.258811 >> >> Cell: + 233.244.386792 >> >> Handle: eosiakwan >> >> Snail Mail: Pmb 208, Accra-North >> >> Office: BusyInternet - 42 Ring Road Central, Accra-North >> >> Blog: http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/eric/ >> >> Slang: "Tomorrow Now" >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> The information in this email and any attachments is confidential >> and may >> be legally privileged. It is intended only for the use of the named >> addressee. >> Emails are susceptible to alteration and their integrity cannot be >> guaranteed. Safaricom Limited does not accept legal responsibility >> for the >> contents of this email if the same is found to have been altered or >> manipulated. >> The contents and opinions expressed in this email are solely those >> of the >> author and do not necessarily represent those of Safaricom Limited. >> Safaricom Limited disclaims any liability to the fullest extent >> permissible by law for any consequences that may arise from the >> contents >> of this email including but not limited to personal opinions, >> malicious >> and/or defamatory information and data/codes that may compromise >> or damage >> the integrity of the recipient's information technology systems. >> If you are not the intended recipient please notify the sender and >> immediately delete this email from your system. >> >> >> _______________________________________________ >> Fibre-for-africa mailing list >> Fibre-for-africa(a)lists.apc.org >> http://lists.apc.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fibre-for-africa >> >> >> >> -- >> This message has been scanned for viruses and >> dangerous content by MailScanner, and is >> believed to be clean. >> >> _______________________________________________ >> Fibre-for-africa mailing list >> Fibre-for-africa(a)lists.apc.org >> http://lists.apc.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fibre-for-africa >> >> > > > Timothy Kasonde Kasolo, > Africonnect > NETWORK SUPPORT ENGINEER, > Plot 59, Great East Road, > Lusaka. > Phone: Lusaka +260-1-232005 > Mobile:+260-97-893922. > E-mail: timothy(a)africonnect.co.zm > www.africonnect.co.zm > www.iconnect.co.zm > > _______________________________________________ > Fibre-for-africa mailing list > Fibre-for-africa(a)lists.apc.org > http://lists.apc.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fibre-for-africa > > > _______________________________________________ > Fibre-for-africa mailing list > Fibre-for-africa(a)lists.apc.org > http://lists.apc.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fibre-for-africa > Eric M.K Osiakwan Executive Secretary AfrISPA (www.afrispa.org) Tel: + 233.21.258800 ext 2031 Fax: + 233.21.258811 Cell: + 233.244.386792 Handle: eosiakwan Snail Mail: Pmb 208, Accra-North Office: BusyInternet - 42 Ring Road Central, Accra-North Blog: http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/eric/ Slang: "Tomorrow Now"

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History Comes Un-noticed
by Bill Kagai 25 Oct '07

25 Oct '07

http://www.bdafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3880&Item… Transferring money via mobile fone was not developed at MIT but right here in Africa...and the service is now rolling beyond Africa. Kudos to the pioneers making life this simple for us. Mobile firms set to transfer cash abroad Written by Okuttah Mark *October 25, 2007:* Mobile phone operators in Africa have entered into a partnership agreement with Western Union to facilitate electronic transfer of money transfer across the national borders by mid next year. The partnership paves the way for the development of a commercial and technical framework to be used by mobile operators to facilitate high frequency money transfers using mobile phones. Initial roll-out of the service is expected to kick off in the second quarter of 2008. If successful, Kenya's two mobile operators Safaricom and Celtel will be able to expand their reach to Kenyans in the diaspora with the electronic money transfer services. Safaricom in partnership with Vodafone was the first to roll out mobile phone based electronic money transfer services that have proved to be a success especially among the un banked. Safaricom operates M-pesa while Celtel has Sokotele. Both networks are working on modalities of expanding their services beyond the national borders. Since its launch early this year, M-pesa has attracted 700,000 users and handled Sh3 billion worth of transactions. The new system combines key elements of both Western Union's electronic money transfer system and the GSMA's money transfer programme. Electronic services have transformed the money transfer services making it simple, quick and affordable for more users sending small amounts of money.

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[Fwd: [APC Forum] Research opportunity
by alice 24 Oct '07

24 Oct '07

Greetings All, The Association for Progressive Communications (APC) is a partner in the Harambee project - Reinforcing African Voices through Collaborative Processes along with Bellanet Africa, Bellanet International and UNECA (United Nations Commission for Africa). Harambee is a Swahili word for Lets work together. It is intended to signify the uniting of a community around a common goal. The overall goal of the initiative is to enhance capacity development in Africa around the use of knowledge and ICTs (Information and Communication Technologies) for collaboration, such that Africa-based organisations are better equipped to play a lead role in development dialogs and action affecting them. For more information on Harambee please visit http://www.harambeeafrica.net/ We are undertaking research under the Harambee banner and are looking for researchers for four (4) research projects. We are looking for experienced researchers who would take an action-oriented, participatory and inclusive approach and who understand networks and networking in Africa. We are wanting both English and French researchers. i.e. some research projects could be conducted in either French or English. Researchers will be contracted by APC and remunerated for their work. They would also need to attend a workshop in mid to late January possibly in South Africa in order to interview Harambee participants. All research should be completed by mid-March 2008. The topics include: 1. Gender issues in networks and differences in the way men and women engage in network activities 2. The status of the networking world in Africa, the issues and the opportunities. 3. Communication in African networks 4. Networking processes: opportunities and challenges for online interactions in African networks The research approach will include case studies and storytelling in order to evoke a deeper and more qualitative understanding of the four themes we are exploring. Harambee is about building on existing research and experiences in designing and implementing collaborative processes and technologies. So the methodology should include an understanding of existing experiences and uses of communication technologies. The research is a journey of discovery which is not about answers but rather what we can learn from the research. It should be participatory, inclusive and action oriented. A key part of the Harambee project are Focus Networks and recipients of the small grants fund who were selected to implement specific projects. We plan to include them in the research component to learn from their network experiences. This will happen at a knowledge sharing workshop to be hosted in late January 2008. Researchers are expected to be there to interview participants as part of the research process. Harambee has existing online spaces which could be used to communicate with the Focus Networks and small grants fund recipients. These include dGroups mailing list, a blog and a wiki. Although we would like to have a written paper (written in plain language) as one output of the research process, we are keen to also include outputs such as audio recordings of interviews, blog postings, resources posted to the Harambee website, photos, transcripts etc. We would like to see creative outputs to share easily with people via online and off line spaces. Should you want more information and if you are interested or know of researchers please email me offlist at jenny(a)apcwomen.org We would need examples of previous research. Warm Regards, Jenny Radloff ======

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