- KICTANet - KICTANet

Digital Community Villages with social Enterprise.
by Jose' 15 Nov '07

15 Nov '07

The 4th telecentres leaders forum organized by Ugabytes initiative in Uganda saw up to six countries being represented across the board being Uganda, Kenya Tanania,Rwanda,Burundi and Sudan. We were privileged on the last day to have the presence of the minister for Communication in Uganda Honorable Alintuma Nsambu. The workshop being facilitated by Mr.Loic who is an expert on Social Entrepreneurship from an organization called Nesst brought out the topic of social enterprise more practical than said. What was noted all through the forum was that Digital Villages(telecentres) need to adopt new strategies and innovativeness for self reliance that reaches out to the community yet at the same time catalyze development through social enterprise within the community members. Before telecentres embark into social entrepreneurship, what is encouraged is to carry out a need assessment so that the project can be embraced by the community. To make a digital village be self reliant and non dependent on donars,the following needs to be carried out to ensure success. 1) The Digital Village(Telecentre) needs to have a clear Mission 2) Have a healthy relation with the key players being the community running up the ladder to its partners and friends of the organization. 3) Have committed constituents. 4) Ability to adopt new trends and be flexible 5) Have a strong leadership. 6) Enable legal political and social environment 7) Accountability is key 8) Have sufficient financial resources 9) Have valuable and useful results or impact 10) Have effective high quality or work program. The Honorable Minister Nsambu pointed out that his government is behind every effort to support digital Villages as he introduced a new computer that is being produced that uses Solar energy. This is Jose' Njuki-Imwe Ngunjiri Reporting. --------------------------------- Get easy, one-click access to your favorites. Make Yahoo! your homepage.

1 0

Fwd: [aisi-l] SEACOM gets funding boost
by Eric Osiakwan 14 Nov '07

14 Nov '07

Begin forwarded message: > From: "Wairagala Wakabi" <wakabi(a)cipesa.org> > Date: 14 November 2007 10:56:10 GMT+03:00 > To: "African Information Society Initiative - Discussion Forum" > <aisi-l(a)lyris.bellanet.org> > Cc: discuss(a)afrispa.org, "Eric Osiakwan" <eric(a)afrispa.org>, > gispa(a)yahoogroups.com, africann(a)afrinic.net, "African Information > Society Initiative - Discussion Forum" <aisi-l(a)lyris.bellanet.org>, > "Ghana Information Networking and Knowledge Sharing" > <ginks(a)dgroups.org>, afnog(a)afnog.org, "KICTAnet ICT Policy > Discussions" <kictanet(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke>, afrinic- > discuss(a)afrinic.net > Subject: [aisi-l] SEACOM gets funding boost > Reply-To: "African Information Society Initiative - Discussion > Forum" <aisi-l(a)lyris.bellanet.org> > > Netters, > Its backers are saying SEACOM will be the only new cable completed > in time > to give South Africa the bandwidth needed for the 2010 WC, with > "actual > production of the fibreoptic cable and undersea facilities" > starting next > week. SA's SNO, NEOTEL, has helped marshal capital from local > financial > heavyweights, enabling NEOTEL to be owned 50% by South Africans. > > Tut Tut... > > Wakabi > > > Sea cable venture lands big investors > > By Lesley Stones, Business Day, November 14 2007 > > AN UNDERSEA cable promising cheap bandwidth for Africa yesterday > finally > named its backers, signing up enough well-connected local investors to > guarantee its landing rights in SA. > > Investment heavyweight Venfin is sinking $75m into the project, > taking a > 25% stake in the 15000km cable linking SA to India and Europe. > > Cyril Ramaphosa’s black investment house Shanduka is taking 12,5%, > worth > $37,5m. Another 12,5% goes to Convergence Partners, a group of black > investors led by Andile Ngcaba, the chairman of Dimension Data > Africa and > a former director-general of the communications department. Nedbank > Capital and Investec will provide financing for the $650m project. > > SA’s second network operator, Neotel, is pumping in a far more modest > R20m, and using its telecoms licence to guarantee that the cable > can dock > in SA. > > The local ownership is sufficient to ensure that Seacom meets > controversial new conditions being drawn up by Communications > Minister Ivy > Matsepe-Casaburri, dictating who can land a cable in SA. The > minister is > insisting that any cable must be majority owned by African > investors to > come ashore. > > South Africans hold 50% of Seacom, and that rises to 75% African > ownership > thanks to 25% held by the Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development’s > Industrial Promotion Services, a development agency based in Kenya. > > The remaining 25% lies with New York’s Herakles Telecom, a development > group that has invested $4bn in Africa. > > Neotel is investing only in the local landing station, but its > licence to > operate in SA conferred on it the right to land a cable, said MD Ajay > Pandey. > > “Our understanding is that the country needs international > capacity, and > the way international cable landing protocols have been defined > means we > have the opportunity here.” > > Venfin CEO Jannie Durand said Neotel’s licence to land a cable in > SA meant > everything had been done “legally and correctly”. Venfin was backing > Seacom for two reasons, he said: “We are hopefully going to make a > lot of > money out of it and SA needs more bandwidth. We want to bring SA > affordable bandwidth to the rest of the world.” > > Although the cable will cost $650m, it would be partly funded by > loans as > well as equity, allowing Venfin to take 25% for less than the book > value > of the project, Durand said. > > Pandey believes Seacom will be the onlyThe actual production of the > fibreoptic cable and undersea facilities will start next week. > > The consortium has already invested more than $10m in a marine > survey and > engineering of the cable. The actual production of the fibreoptic > cable > and undersea facilities will start next week. > > Seacom will connect Mtunzini in SA to Mumbai in India and > Marseilles in > France via Mozambique, Madagascar, Kenya and Tanzania by June 2009. > > Terrestrial links will be built to take its bandwidth to numerous > other > inland countries. Its capacity of 1,28 terabytes per second is 10 > times > the capacity on the existing Sat-3 cable around Africa’s west coast. > > The consortium has promised that it will charge other voice and data > carriers significantly less for its bandwidth than they pay to use > Sat-3 > or satellite services, which should trigger a massive decrease in > the cost > of phone calls, internet access and data transmissions for African > consumers and businesses. > > “Improved access for business and individuals in Africa to > communications, > broadband services and new technology offerings can improve lives > and help > grow the economies of our countries,” said Ngcaba, the chairman of > Convergence Partners. “The linking of southern and east Africa with > India > and Europe is crucial for enhancing development and trade between > these > key regions.” > > gies that will deliver affordable broadband >> services open to all. Leveraging existing internet access point as >> hubs could be a very good starting point to build license-free >> point-to-point, point-to-multipoint, mesh or even cellular networks >> that will reach the masses in the villages. It will be nice when >> someone leaves the town to visit relatives in the village and not >> lost >> connectivity to the wireless space because their provider does not >> offer services yet in that area. Think of a cell phone with WIFI >> capabilities that accesses paid networks in towns and free WIFI >> access >> at the village sector. So in town, you will use your paid >> services, in >> the village you will use the free WIFI access...how nice will that >> be? >> >> Wilfred >> >> >> ----- Message from eric(a)afrispa.org --------- >> Date: Thu, 1 Nov 2007 09:33:30 +0300 >> From: Eric Osiakwan <eric(a)afrispa.org> >> Reply-To: Discuss(a)afrispa.org >> Subject: [AfrISPA.Discuss] Five Goals of Connect Africa >> To: discuss(a)afrispa.org, KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions >> <kictanet(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke>, gispa(a)yahoogroups.com, Ghana >> Information Networking and Knowledge Sharing <ginks(a)dgroups.org>, APC >> - Private list for use by EASSY Workshop Participants >> <Fibre-for-africa(a)lists.apc.org>, africann(a)afrinic.net, >> afrinic-discuss(a)afrinic.net, afnog(a)afnog.org, African Information >> Society Initiative - Discussion Forum <aisi-l(a)lyris.bellanet.org> >> >> >>> Dear All, >>> >>> The Connect Africa Summit justed ended in Kigali with the following >>> five major goals; >>> >>> Goal 1. Interconnect all African capitals with ICT Broadband >>> infrastructure and strengthen connectivity to the rest of the >>> world by >>> 2012 as well as interconnect major African cities by 2015. >>> Goal 2. Connect all African villages to broadband ICT services >>> by 2012 >>> and implement shared access initiatives such as community tele- >>> centres >>> and village phones. >>> Goal 3. Adopt key regulatory measures that promote affordable, >>> widespread access to a full range of bradband ICT services, >>> including >>> technology and service neutral licensing/authorisation practises, >>> allocating spectrum for multiple, competitive broadband wireless >>> service providers, creating national internext exchange points >>> (IXPs) >>> and implementing competition in the provision of international >>> internet connectivity. >>> Goal 4. Support the development of a critical mass of ICT Skills >>> required by the knowledge economy, notably through the >>> estamishment of >>> ICT Centres of Excellence network in each sub-region of Africa >>> and ICT >>> capacity-building and training centres in each country, with the >>> aim >>> of achieving a borad network of inter-linked physical and virtual >>> centres, whiles ensuring coordination between academia and >>> industry by >>> 2015. >>> Goal 5. Adopt a national e-strategy, including a cyber-security >>> framework, and deploy at least one flagship e-government service as >>> well as e-education, e-commerce and e-health services using >>> accessible >>> technologies in each country in Africa by 2012, with the aim of >>> making >>> multiple e-government and other e-services widely available by >>> 2015. >>> >>> The African ICT Ministers have also shortlisted some projects under >>> ARAPKE which would be implenented through Connect Africa @ http:// >>> www.itu.int/ITU-D/connect/africa/2007/bgdmaterial/flagship-11.html >>> >>> It is important that we all engage and ensure that these ICT >>> goals are >>> met by 2012 and the larger MDGS by 2015. >>> >>> Thank you and sorry for cross-posting. >>> >>> Eric M.K Osiakwan >>> Executive Secretary >>> AfrISPA (www.afrispa.org) >>> Tel: + 233.21.258800 ext 2031 >>> Fax: + 233.21.258811 >>> Cell: + 233.244.386792 >>> Handle: eosiakwan >>> Snail Mail: Pmb 208, Accra-North >>> Office: BusyInternet - 42 Ring Road Central, Accra-North >>> Blog: http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/eric/ >>> Slang: "Tomorrow Now" >> >> >> ----- End message from eric(a)afrispa.org ----- >> >> >> >> _______________________________________________ >> Fibre-for-africa mailing list >> Fibre-for-africa(a)lists.apc.org >> http://lists.apc.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fibre-for-africa >> > > > > --- > You are currently subscribed to aisi-l as: [eric.osiakwan(a)netplux.com] > To unsubscribe, forward this message to leave-aisi- > l-40669L(a)lyris.bellanet.org > Eric M.K Osiakwan Executive Secretary AfrISPA (www.afrispa.org) Tel: + 233.21.258800 ext 2031 Fax: + 233.21.258811 Cell: + 233.244.386792 Handle: eosiakwan Snail Mail: Pmb 208, Accra-North Office: BusyInternet - 42 Ring Road Central, Accra-North Blog: http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/eric/ Slang: "Tomorrow Now"

1 0

Gear up to being nominated or nominate yourself for ICANN constituencies!!
by Rebecca Wanjiku 13 Nov '07

13 Nov '07

Please apply! The Nom Com's 2008 website will be available soon, and candidate recruitment is anticipated to begin in mid-December 2007. Here is the breakdown of representatives from the region now: Board: Njeri Rionge (June 2003 - November 2008) GNSO: NONE as you can see here: http://gnso.icann.org/council/members.shtml CCNSO: Victor Ciza - Burundi - Term ends Mar-09 Paulos B. Nyirenda – Malawi – T erm ends Mar-10 Mohamed El Bashir - Sudan - Term ends Mar-08 Nashwa Abdelbaki - Egyot Term ends 2010 ALAC: Africa Mohamed El Bashir 4 (Sudan) Hawa Diakite4 (Mali) Alice Wanjira-Munyua2 (Kenya) 2008 ICANN Nominating Committee Convenes in Los Angeles 7 November 2007 The 2008 ICANN Nominating Committee (Nom Com) has been convened and met for the first time on 2-3 November, immediately following the 30th International ICANN Public Meeting in Los Angeles, California. Prior to the Los Angeles meeting, on 11 September 2007, the ICANN Board appointed Hagen Hultzsch as Nom Com Chair. Hagen has selected Wolfgang Kleinwaechter as Associate Chair. Due to the bylaws, George Sadowsky, the previous Nom Com Chair will serve as an advisor to the current Nom Com. 2008 Nom Com will select: Two members of the ICANN Board of Directors One member of the Council of the Generic Names Supporting Organization (GNSO) One member of the Council of the Country-Code Names Supporting Organization (ccNSO) Two members of the At Large Advisory Committee (ALAC) (European and North American regions) Those selected by the Nom Com will take their seats at the end of the 2008 ICANN Annual Meeting, 7 November 2008. First tasks of the Committee were to begin work on procedures and a timeline for activities during 2007-2008. The Nom Com's 2008 website will be available soon, and candidate recruitment is anticipated to begin in mid-December 2007. The Nom Com intends to hold a workshop during the ICANN meeting in Delhi, India to provide information about progress and process and answer questions. The workshop will be webcast and remote access provided. The date of the workshop will be confirmed once the Delhi meeting schedule is finalized. The following individuals have been appointed to the 2008 Nominating Committee: Hagen Hultzsch - Chair Wolfgang Kleinwaechter - Associate Chair George Sadowsky - Advisor to the Chair (as previous Chair of the Nom Com) Karen Banks - GNSO, Non-Commercial Users Constituency Phil Davidson - Technical Liaison Group Ute Decker - GNSO, Intellectual Property Constituency Grant Forsyth - GNSO, Business Constituency (Large) Matias Altamira Gigena - ALAC, Latin American and Caribbean Hartmut Glaser - Address Supporting Organization Caroline Greer - GNSO, Registry Constituency Ole Jacobsen - Internet Engineering Task Force Khaled Koubaa - ALAC, Africa Bill Manning - Root Server System Advisory Committee (non-voting liaison) Desiree Miloshevic - ALAC, Europe Ram Mohan - Security and Stability Advisory Committee (non-voting liaison) Ross Rader - ALAC, North America Jose Luiz Rebeiro-Filho, Higher Education Representative Greg Ruth - GNSO, Internet Service Providers Constituency Waudo Siganga - GNSO, Business Constituency (Small) Paul Stahura - GNSO, Registrars Constituency Karaitiana Taiuru - ALAC, Asia Pacific Christopher To - Country Code Names Supporting Organization The Nominating Committee Review was published on 24 October 2007. The review and 2008 Nom Com are independent activities. The Nom Com website can be found at http://nomcom.icann.org. Further information on the invitation for statements of interests in ICANN leadership positions will be posted in the near future. _______________________________________________ AfrICANN mailing list AfrICANN(a)afrinic.net https://lists.afrinic.net/mailman/listinfo.cgi/africann -- becky beckyit.blogspot.com __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com ---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: Anne-Rachel Inné <annerachel(a)gmail.com> Date: Nov 8, 2007 12:54 PM Subject: [AfrICANN-discuss] Gear up to being nominated or nominate yourself for ICANN constituencies!! To: africann(a)afrinic.net Please apply! The Nom Com's 2008 website will be available soon, and candidate recruitment is anticipated to begin in mid-December 2007. Here is the breakdown of representatives from the region now: Board: Njeri Rionge (June 2003 - November 2008) GNSO: NONE as you can see here: http://gnso.icann.org/council/members.shtml CCNSO: Victor Ciza - Burundi - Term ends Mar-09 Paulos B. Nyirenda – Malawi – T erm ends Mar-10 Mohamed El Bashir - Sudan - Term ends Mar-08 Nashwa Abdelbaki - Egyot Term ends 2010 ALAC: Africa Mohamed El Bashir 4 (Sudan) Hawa Diakite4 (Mali) Alice Wanjira-Munyua2 (Kenya) 2008 ICANN Nominating Committee Convenes in Los Angeles 7 November 2007 The 2008 ICANN Nominating Committee (Nom Com) has been convened and met for the first time on 2-3 November, immediately following the 30th International ICANN Public Meeting in Los Angeles, California. Prior to the Los Angeles meeting, on 11 September 2007, the ICANN Board appointed Hagen Hultzsch as Nom Com Chair. Hagen has selected Wolfgang Kleinwaechter as Associate Chair. Due to the bylaws, George Sadowsky, the previous Nom Com Chair will serve as an advisor to the current Nom Com. 2008 Nom Com will select: Two members of the ICANN Board of Directors One member of the Council of the Generic Names Supporting Organization (GNSO) One member of the Council of the Country-Code Names Supporting Organization (ccNSO) Two members of the At Large Advisory Committee (ALAC) (European and North American regions) Those selected by the Nom Com will take their seats at the end of the 2008 ICANN Annual Meeting, 7 November 2008. First tasks of the Committee were to begin work on procedures and a timeline for activities during 2007-2008. The Nom Com's 2008 website will be available soon, and candidate recruitment is anticipated to begin in mid-December 2007. The Nom Com intends to hold a workshop during the ICANN meeting in Delhi, India to provide information about progress and process and answer questions. The workshop will be webcast and remote access provided. The date of the workshop will be confirmed once the Delhi meeting schedule is finalized. The following individuals have been appointed to the 2008 Nominating Committee: Hagen Hultzsch - Chair Wolfgang Kleinwaechter - Associate Chair George Sadowsky - Advisor to the Chair (as previous Chair of the Nom Com) Karen Banks - GNSO, Non-Commercial Users Constituency Phil Davidson - Technical Liaison Group Ute Decker - GNSO, Intellectual Property Constituency Grant Forsyth - GNSO, Business Constituency (Large) Matias Altamira Gigena - ALAC, Latin American and Caribbean Hartmut Glaser - Address Supporting Organization Caroline Greer - GNSO, Registry Constituency Ole Jacobsen - Internet Engineering Task Force Khaled Koubaa - ALAC, Africa Bill Manning - Root Server System Advisory Committee (non-voting liaison) Desiree Miloshevic - ALAC, Europe Ram Mohan - Security and Stability Advisory Committee (non-voting liaison) Ross Rader - ALAC, North America Jose Luiz Rebeiro-Filho, Higher Education Representative Greg Ruth - GNSO, Internet Service Providers Constituency Waudo Siganga - GNSO, Business Constituency (Small) Paul Stahura - GNSO, Registrars Constituency Karaitiana Taiuru - ALAC, Asia Pacific Christopher To - Country Code Names Supporting Organization The Nominating Committee Review was published on 24 October 2007. The review and 2008 Nom Com are independent activities. The Nom Com website can be found at http://nomcom.icann.org. Further information on the invitation for statements of interests in ICANN leadership positions will be posted in the near future. _______________________________________________ AfrICANN mailing list AfrICANN(a)afrinic.net https://lists.afrinic.net/mailman/listinfo.cgi/africann -- becky beckyit.blogspot.com

2 1

invitation to E-waste discussions
by Rebecca Wanjiku 12 Nov '07

12 Nov '07

RE: INVITATION TO KICTANETs INTRODUCTION OF THE E-WASTE PROJECT IN KENYA KICTANet is working with the Hewlett Packard, EMPA (Swiss Materials Science & Research Technology), the Global Digital solidarity Fund (DSF) on their new programme on the “Recycling of electronic waste” in Kenya. The project will assess the current conditions for electronic recycling in communities in Kenya. It also aims to explore how additional local jobs can be created in this sector as well as the development of a blueprint for a sustainable e-waste management system in Kenya in collaboration with other existing local recycling projects. Pursuant to this KICTANet is therefore inviting you an introduction meeting to be held on Wednesday November 21 at Jacaranda Hotel from 9.00a.m. to 12.30 p.m. The meeting is an opportunity for the international team from DSF, EMPA and the Kenya research team to introduce the project to a few relevant stakeholders involved and interested in E-waste in Kenya. Please confirm your attendance to Rebecca Wanjiku Evelyn Majale on 4453671/2 or email: rebeccawanjiku(a)yahoo.com or evelyne(a)kictanet.or.ke Tel. 254 720 318 925 blog:http://beckyit.blogspot.com/ __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com

1 0

Marching to a different drum – Africa enters the age of mobile content
by alice 10 Nov '07

10 Nov '07

Marching to a different drum – Africa enters the age of mobile content News Update concentrates all its coverage on what happens in Africa. But this week we have to describe events elsewhere because as all too often happens, key decisions that will affect the continent are happening elsewhere. Unless something fairly radical happens in the next 12-18 months, the development of mobile content revenues on the continent will be shaped by the “hand-me-down” attitudes and technologies of others. Russell Southwood seeks to explain. Last week saw two more salvoes fired in the war for mobile operating systems. American advertising and search engine company Google launched its Android operating system in partnership with the Open Handset Alliance and 30 mobile phone makers and interested parties like Qualcomm. But amongst the larger makers, it is working closely with no 2 player Samsung with whom it agreed a deal on mobile tools in January 2007. Google described Android as “all of the software to run a mobile phone, but without the proprietary obstacles that have hindered mobile innovation.” Meanwhile the world’s largest mobile handset manufacturer (Nokia) agreed with the world’s largest mobile phone operator (Vodafone) to launch an integrated suite of Vodafone services combined with Nokia Ovi services on a range of Nokia handsets. A number of these handsets will be exclusive to Vodafone. By all accounts, it improves access to the Nokia Music Store, although Vodafone has its own product, Omnifone MusicStation. Vodafone looks set to take over Vodacom in the not-too-distant future. Meanwhile Symbian, which is already on 165 million handsets worldwide, was dismissive of the Google offering. John Forsyth, Symbian said:”… a mobile OS is a very specialised form of rocket science. It's not search rocket science." However this has not prevented one-time computer company Apple from showing it can deliver this kind of rocket science, so why not Google? Whoever gains dominance in this market and whether the approach is open or closed will affect how mobile content develops in Africa. And it is at this point two key issues coincide for those in Africa who want to develop mobile content revenues. Everyone knows that the mobile phone and not the computer is the continent’s device of choice but this rather masks the considerable variation in phone operating systems, web access availability and just plain old functionality. The average phone on the street is at the bottom end of the range and is really only fit for receiving SMS messages. This brings us to the hoop-la surrounding the launch of the iPhone today in the UK as I write. Leave aside the usual promotional hype and the sight of members of Cult Apple waiting overnight to buy their treasured object, this phone is different. From trying it on a recent US visit, it has an easy-to-use functionality that with adaptation has much to commend it in the African context. It’s intuitive and icon driven, allowing a lower level of functional literacy for users. (However, the iPhone will not be going to South Africa any time soon. See Telecoms News – In Brief) The barrier to this kind of device is cost and the discussion mirrors similar ones held about palm computers for Africa. The iPhone launch price in the UK is US$538 as it is being launched as a premium product with a monthly plan costing US$70. But give it 2-3 years and it will be down to $300 and be a mainstream product, not necessarily produced by Apple. But secondhand prices in Africa may take it down closer to $100-150. But even this lowered price will not breach the magic $100 level that Nicolas Negroponte set himself and failed to reach for a low-cost computer. Also the low price phones produced as part of the GSM Association initiative are stripped back in terms of overall functionality. But if Africa is to have access to web content on its mobiles, then it needs a cheaper phone device that can access web content with a screen that is bigger than two large postage stamps. Also whilst Africa’s mobile companies engage in the data upgrade arms race, little thought seems to have been given to battery life issues. The iPhone may not have 3G but it has an 8 hour battery life compared to the 3G compatible Nokia N95 which has only a 4 hour battery life. No-one seems yet to have thought through the energy implications of even a significant minority of Africans using 3G phones. Now I can hear you saying that all of this is fantasy stuff for Africa. But Vodacom in South Africa said in October 2007 that it had 139,000 HSDPA customers and 899,000 Vodafone Live! subscribers, the latter being the content service it markets from what is likely to become its parent company. It is also pioneering a mobile TV service to its 3G subscribers in South Africa. Numbers are modest but growing. Ah yes, but South Africa is different. Nevertheless jobs service in Kenya attracted 35,000 subscribers and other services elsewhere in Africa are attracting tens of thousands of people. With numbers on this scale, mobile phones are not just communications devices but media. Certain types of advertisers will be very interested in getting to the largely young demographic that uses these services. The sums will not be spectacular but they will help to fuel further growth. But the barriers to growth in mobile content revenues are significant. Last year we sat in on a seminar with mobile phone companies drawn from right across Africa. Every single person stressed how important content development was to their company and how they had a member of staff working on it. However, with few exceptions not one of them talked about a successful mobile content service that they were actually operating. Mobile companies were not set up to do content and the revenues are not yet large enough to gain real traction with operational managers. A number of mobile operators are owned by multinational owners who have sought to introduce content bundles that have been developed in Europe and the USA. But as one of the more honest managers for these companies admitted, there is only really on the most optimistic view a 50-60% fit with the African market. So there is a need for better and more compelling local mobile content. But this is where the complications start. The typical income split is 50% to the mobile operator, 10-20% to the mobile platform provider and 30-40% to the content provider. Anxious to drive up income from this source, the mobile operators are seeking to take a bigger share of the value in other countries. However, they need to be careful not to kill the goose that might lay the golden egg. They could easily give more generous deals as they benefit from the minutes these services add. Ideally there needs to be a new service every 4 weeks in some African country so that it’s possible to work out what works locally and the optimum price. Another difficulty is that mobile providers are insisting on exclusive deals. For example, if you want to launch your mobile content service with a particular mobile operator, you have to offer an exclusive deal for one year or more. The mobile operators still see content as a marketing device rather than revenue in its own right. The walled garden approach is very like the early days of the Internet where people like AOL tried to create their own content universe. Understandably, the mobile operators would like to control the development of content on their media and take a large part of the rewards. Apple’s approach to iTunes illustrates how lucrative this approach can be. The difficulty is that for mobile content to thrive in Africa, it has to be easier to get it to market and to as wider range of people as possible. At the moment, mobile content creators may have to re-version their services for as many as 3-5 different delivery platforms. The discussion parallels those that were had in the early days in Africa about interconnection between mobile operators. Many operators said they would not connect to other operators because it would be easier to retain subscribers and revenues if the stayed isolated. In the event, interconnection meant almost all operators benefited from there being a large and growing “critical mass” of users. The same would almost certainly be true for mobile content and perhaps the time is ripe for operators to talk to each other about how best to promote wider use of content, rather than simply tending their own back gardens. African Mobile Content Alliance anyone? From Balancing Act <mailbox:///C%7C/Users/IPM/AppData/Roaming/Thunderbird/Profiles/u11w6ixk.default/Mail/Local%20Folders/Inbox?number=856298414#top>

1 0

On MAURITIUS COMPUTER MISUSE AND CYBERCRIME ACT 2003 and MOROCCAN COPYRIGHT LAW
by Rebecca Wanjiku 09 Nov '07

09 Nov '07

MAURITIUS COMPUTER MISUSE AND CYBERCRIME ACT 2003 Kelly O'Connell, Miami Attorney Email Mauritius is an island located in the Atlantic near Southern Africa, in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar. It was first explored by Portuguese sailors in the early in the 16th century. Later it was controlled by the Dutch, French, and British until independence was achieved in 1968. Given its inherent limitations of history, location, and natural resources, the country has developed into an unmitigated success, by anyone's standard. The Government carefully assembled the infrastructure for a large, state-of-the-art cyber complex in the early 2000's which should prove attractive to any company wishing for access to the Asian continent within a business-friendly and highly modernized infrastructure. This law is an attempt to protect any foreign or local businesses setting up shop there. To better understand the Computer Misuse and Cybercrime Act 2003; Act No. 22 of 2003; Offense, found in Part II, these questions will be answered: What is "Unauthorized Access to Computer Data"? What is "Access with Intent to Commit Offences," or "Unauthorized Password Disclosure"? What is "Unauthorized Access to and Interception of Computer Service"? What is "Unauthorized Modification of Computer Material", or "Damaging or Denying Access to Computer System"? What is "Unlawful Possession of Devices and Data" or "Electronic Fraud"? Mauritius island state has staged an impressive economic evolution, based upon its stable democracy, featuring a British system of regular free elections and a positive human rights record, as the markets transition from agriculture to building the industrial, financial, and tourist sectors. The country has attracted considerable foreign direct investments, earning one of Africa's highest average incomes, per annum. The population is about one and a quarter million within a land mass about ten times the size of Washington, DC. A serious approach to property laws, in general, and Intellectual Property laws specifically, is a major reason this well-ordered economy thrives. What is "Unauthorized Access to Computer Data"? This occurs when a person causes a computer to "perform a function," ie, enters with the intent of a going into a computer system to have unauthorized access. Here, "Unauthorized" means either lacking general authority to enter a system, or without specific consent of the owner of the equipment. The law does not differentiate whether the person had intent to go after specific data or programming, or whether he was simply accessing the device with a general intent to enter, without any firm goal in mind beyond that. Those convicted of this crime will be fined 50,000 rupees and/or be sentenced to "penal servitude" for no more than 5 years. The act allows for a defense of a "reasonable belief" of consent or authority. (Part II, Section 3) What is "Access with Intent to Commit Offences," or "Unauthorized Password Disclosure"? "Access with Intent to Commit Offences" occurs when a person causes a computer system to do an act for the purpose of accessing any program or data found within a computer system, with intent to commit any crimes listed under the rest of this same Act. It is deemed irrelevant whether the initial access was authorized, or unauthorized; or whether the crime occurred at the same time, or at some period later. Those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 200,000 rupees, and/or incarcerated not to exceed 20 years. (Part II, Section 4.) "Unauthorized Password Disclosure" happens if anyone "knowingly discloses any password, access code, or any other means of gaining access to any program or data held in any computer system" to commit a crime of theft, to damage files, or defame another, If convicted of this crime, the person will be fined 50,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not exceeding 5 years. (Part II, Section 8.) What is "Unauthorized Access to and Interception of Computer Service"? This occurs when anyone purposefully, and without permission or authority, breaches a computer system for the end of obtaining computer service to intercepts "any function of, or any data within a computer system." Those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 100,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not to exceed 10 years. If such an act impairs or compromises the function of a computer system, including disruption or excision of data delivery, Those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 200,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not exceeding 20 years. It is irrelevant if the breacher's intent was to harm the system or disrupt the flow of data. (Part II, Section 5.) What is "Unauthorized Modification of Computer Material", or "Damaging or Denying Access to Computer System"? This occurs when anyone purposefully acts to cause an "unauthorized modification of data held in any computer system." Those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 100,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not exceeding 10 years. If such an act suppresses the system or modifies data, those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 200,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not exceeding 20 years. A "modification" is illegal if the person doing so "is not himself entitled to determine whether the modification should be made;" and has done so beyond the scope of authority, or without permission. It is irrelevant if the damage or modification is temporary or permanent. (Part II, Section 6.) "Damaging or Denying Access to Computer System" is when any person who, without consent or authority, causes "degradation, failure, interruption or obstruction of the operation of a computer system; or denial of access to, or impairment of any program or data storage," those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 200,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not exceeding 20 years. (Part II, Section 7.) What is "Unlawful Possession of Devices and Data" or "Electronic Fraud"? This occurs when anyone "manufactures, sells, procures for use, imports, distributes or otherwise makes available, a computer system or any other device, designed or adapted primarily for the purpose of committing any offence" under this Act. Also, to have such a computer program in possession, is likewise a crime, unless with excuse or justification. Those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 50,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not exceeding 5 years. (Part II, Section 9.) "Electronic Fraud" occurs when anyone "fraudulently causes loss of property" to another by "any input, alteration, deletion or suppression of data;" or interfering with a computer system, with intent to commit this crime. Those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 200,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not exceeding 20 years. (Part II, Section 1) MOROCCAN COPYRIGHT LAW Kelly O'Connell, Miami Attorney Email Morocco has a rich French legal history, which included European intellectual property law. The French law was set aside to make way for the global economy represented by World Intellectual Property Organization, which Morocco assented to the standards of, first in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property, or TRIPS Agreement; and then, in the Law No. 2-00 on Copyright and Related Rights of February 15, 2000. That Moroccan law is still influenced by the old dahirs (laws). To better understand Moroccan Copyright law, these questions will be addressed: What are Copyright Protected Works, What are Their Conditions? What Are Some Unusual Aspects of Moroccan Copyright Law? How Does Copyright Ownership Work? What are the Formalities and Documentation for Moroccan Copyright? Does the Law Treat as Special Moroccan National Folkways? History of Moroccan Copyright Law: Morocco, like the rest of the Muslim world, did not have a strong history of protecting Intellectual Property (IP) rights. In fact, until the 20th century, the concept was foreign to the law of this country. Morocco did have better IP rights than neighbors since it accessed French laws on the topic, resulting in the dahirs of 1916 and 1970, although application of these standards was hardly uniform. Morocco decided to set aside the old French model and strive for a global model after it chose to attempt to become a member of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). This represented a bold, non-typical deviation from the colonial model when they rejected the regional model to pursue membership in 1993 (Morocco also attempted to become an early member of the European Union, but were rejected out of hand for not technically being a European state). The Government was given guidelines to follow, such as ratifying the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property, or TRIPS Agreement. This transformed the intellectual property thinking in the state as Morocco struggled to bring their legislation and regulations in agreement with international standards and procedures. Morocco, was classed a "developing country" and signed the TRIPS Agreement, and was given a deadline of the year 2000 to redraft its IP legislation to meet WIPO standards. This explains why the new IP law was passed when it was, yielding Morocco Law No. 2-00 on Copyright and Related Rights of February 15, 2000 was signed into effect. What are Copyright Protected Works, What are Their Conditions? "Protected work" in the Moroccan Copyright Law of 2000 are too numerous to list, but Morocco accepts the Berne Convention, which does have a long, but incomplete listing. Protected works presume several characteristics. First, the work being protected must be an "original", which is not a well-developed definition in the Moroccan Copyright Law of 2000. The old 1970 dahir and French law in general define an original as "when its characteristic features and its form, or its form alone, make possible the identification of its author." The new law refers to "originality" as "works that are original intellectual creations in the literary and artistic field." The test for originality, then, will be one of a common sense persuasion through examples and proofs. Second, the work cannot be simply an idea, but an original idea that has been worked-up into some sort of model. Third, there must be an author. This means, according to the law in Article 47, is the person who is shown, via "display on each of the copies the name, pseudonym or mark of the author." Therefore, a model work with a name on it, were it unique, would translate to authorship, and all rights accrued therein, as explained in Article 38. An anonymous, pseudonimical or unknown work is "authored" by the publisher of such. What Are Some Unusual Aspects of Moroccan Copyright Law? While not completely unique, Moroccan copyright law follows the French, as opposed to U.S. standard, and does not require copyrighted articles be fixed on material support for copyright. This is undoubtedly to help preserve Moroccan folksongs as IP. Also, the 2000 Copyright law does not recognize "compilations", again unlike its U.S. counterpart. This has created an interesting situation where computer databases are not treated typically within the 2000 law, but case law (Coprosa decision) and legislation (1985 law) developed to grant databanks original protection, and to help with this void, given as a 'right of extraction and reuse', although the protection has not gone beyond 15 years. Databases are classed derivative works, in Article 5(b), but with no details as to scope and term of the protection. How Does Copyright Ownership Work? In Article 1, paragraph (1), the new law states an author of a work is "the natural person who created the work," and "He or she is the first owner of the moral and economic right in the work," according to Article 31. Proof is that "his or her name appears visibly on the work," according to Article 38. Yet this name, according to Article 1, paragraph (1), might not be the real author or person who commissioned it. The law only applies to "real persons," not legal entities -- although the case law disagrees with this point -- and protection lasts a lifetime plus fifty years, according to (Article 26). What are the Formalities and Documentation for Moroccan Copyright? Formalities: For Copyright registration formalities, and unlike U.S. copyright, the Moroccan Copyright Law of 2000 and the decree of 8 March 1965 do not gave a particular manner of registering copyright or an stipulation to deposit of works. While there is a stipulation in the dahir of 7 October 1932 that says four copies of any work produced in number and put in circulation on Moroccan territory26 must be deposited with the General Library and Archives (BGA) in Rabat. Strangely, this rule has no relation to copyright, since this is registered nowhere else. The Moroccan Copyright Office relies upon a procedure of declaration and the admissibility of such on the Report of the Authentification Commission to then accept them. Documentation: Again, for Moroccan texts, there is no documentary evidence needed to attest to authorship of a work, or any body set up for such a purpose. But the dahir of 7 October 1932 stipulates that on legal deposit, when a work is put into circulation in Morocco, four copies shall be handed over to the BGA, and a formal document is then issued in return. The article gives the name and status of the author referring to 'claims', not unlike copyright forms of the American and Canadian Copyright Offices. But Article 12 of the dahir of 7 October 1932 does not create copyright, nor constitute any kind of certificate of ownership, or a defensible certificate of entitlement regarding such rights. Does the Law Treat as Special Moroccan National Folkways? Yes. Morocco has an extremely rich cultural heritage, expressed in dance, song, and art. The old dahirs protected these works, naming indigenous art and invention as, "folklore", being "unpublished works where the identity of the author is unknown but where there is every ground to presume that he is or was a Moroccan national," according to dahir 29 of the 1970 code. Article 7, "Protection of Expressions of Folklore" makes the fixing of folklore works under approval of the Moroccan Copyright Bureau. _______________________________________________ AfrICANN mailing list AfrICANN(a)afrinic.net https://lists.afrinic.net/mailman/listinfo.cgi/africann -- becky beckyit.blogspot.com __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com ---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: Anne-Rachel Inné <annerachel(a)gmail.com> Date: Nov 8, 2007 3:56 PM Subject: [AfrICANN-discuss] On MAURITIUS COMPUTER MISUSE AND CYBERCRIME ACT 2003 and MOROCCAN COPYRIGHT LAW To: africann(a)afrinic.net Cc: Me SARR Abdou Abbas <sarr.abdou(a)sarr-allard.com> MAURITIUS COMPUTER MISUSE AND CYBERCRIME ACT 2003 Kelly O'Connell, Miami Attorney Email Mauritius is an island located in the Atlantic near Southern Africa, in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar. It was first explored by Portuguese sailors in the early in the 16th century. Later it was controlled by the Dutch, French, and British until independence was achieved in 1968. Given its inherent limitations of history, location, and natural resources, the country has developed into an unmitigated success, by anyone's standard. The Government carefully assembled the infrastructure for a large, state-of-the-art cyber complex in the early 2000's which should prove attractive to any company wishing for access to the Asian continent within a business-friendly and highly modernized infrastructure. This law is an attempt to protect any foreign or local businesses setting up shop there. To better understand the Computer Misuse and Cybercrime Act 2003; Act No. 22 of 2003; Offense, found in Part II, these questions will be answered: What is "Unauthorized Access to Computer Data"? What is "Access with Intent to Commit Offences," or "Unauthorized Password Disclosure"? What is "Unauthorized Access to and Interception of Computer Service"? What is "Unauthorized Modification of Computer Material", or "Damaging or Denying Access to Computer System"? What is "Unlawful Possession of Devices and Data" or "Electronic Fraud"? Mauritius island state has staged an impressive economic evolution, based upon its stable democracy, featuring a British system of regular free elections and a positive human rights record, as the markets transition from agriculture to building the industrial, financial, and tourist sectors. The country has attracted considerable foreign direct investments, earning one of Africa's highest average incomes, per annum. The population is about one and a quarter million within a land mass about ten times the size of Washington, DC. A serious approach to property laws, in general, and Intellectual Property laws specifically, is a major reason this well-ordered economy thrives. What is "Unauthorized Access to Computer Data"? This occurs when a person causes a computer to "perform a function," ie, enters with the intent of a going into a computer system to have unauthorized access. Here, "Unauthorized" means either lacking general authority to enter a system, or without specific consent of the owner of the equipment. The law does not differentiate whether the person had intent to go after specific data or programming, or whether he was simply accessing the device with a general intent to enter, without any firm goal in mind beyond that. Those convicted of this crime will be fined 50,000 rupees and/or be sentenced to "penal servitude" for no more than 5 years. The act allows for a defense of a "reasonable belief" of consent or authority. (Part II, Section 3) What is "Access with Intent to Commit Offences," or "Unauthorized Password Disclosure"? "Access with Intent to Commit Offences" occurs when a person causes a computer system to do an act for the purpose of accessing any program or data found within a computer system, with intent to commit any crimes listed under the rest of this same Act. It is deemed irrelevant whether the initial access was authorized, or unauthorized; or whether the crime occurred at the same time, or at some period later. Those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 200,000 rupees, and/or incarcerated not to exceed 20 years. (Part II, Section 4.) "Unauthorized Password Disclosure" happens if anyone "knowingly discloses any password, access code, or any other means of gaining access to any program or data held in any computer system" to commit a crime of theft, to damage files, or defame another, If convicted of this crime, the person will be fined 50,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not exceeding 5 years. (Part II, Section 8.) What is "Unauthorized Access to and Interception of Computer Service"? This occurs when anyone purposefully, and without permission or authority, breaches a computer system for the end of obtaining computer service to intercepts "any function of, or any data within a computer system." Those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 100,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not to exceed 10 years. If such an act impairs or compromises the function of a computer system, including disruption or excision of data delivery, Those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 200,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not exceeding 20 years. It is irrelevant if the breacher's intent was to harm the system or disrupt the flow of data. (Part II, Section 5.) What is "Unauthorized Modification of Computer Material", or "Damaging or Denying Access to Computer System"? This occurs when anyone purposefully acts to cause an "unauthorized modification of data held in any computer system." Those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 100,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not exceeding 10 years. If such an act suppresses the system or modifies data, those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 200,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not exceeding 20 years. A "modification" is illegal if the person doing so "is not himself entitled to determine whether the modification should be made;" and has done so beyond the scope of authority, or without permission. It is irrelevant if the damage or modification is temporary or permanent. (Part II, Section 6.) "Damaging or Denying Access to Computer System" is when any person who, without consent or authority, causes "degradation, failure, interruption or obstruction of the operation of a computer system; or denial of access to, or impairment of any program or data storage," those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 200,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not exceeding 20 years. (Part II, Section 7.) What is "Unlawful Possession of Devices and Data" or "Electronic Fraud"? This occurs when anyone "manufactures, sells, procures for use, imports, distributes or otherwise makes available, a computer system or any other device, designed or adapted primarily for the purpose of committing any offence" under this Act. Also, to have such a computer program in possession, is likewise a crime, unless with excuse or justification. Those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 50,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not exceeding 5 years. (Part II, Section 9.) "Electronic Fraud" occurs when anyone "fraudulently causes loss of property" to another by "any input, alteration, deletion or suppression of data;" or interfering with a computer system, with intent to commit this crime. Those convicted of this crime will be fined not exceeding 200,000 rupees and/or incarcerated not exceeding 20 years. (Part II, Section 1) MOROCCAN COPYRIGHT LAW Kelly O'Connell, Miami Attorney Email Morocco has a rich French legal history, which included European intellectual property law. The French law was set aside to make way for the global economy represented by World Intellectual Property Organization, which Morocco assented to the standards of, first in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property, or TRIPS Agreement; and then, in the Law No. 2-00 on Copyright and Related Rights of February 15, 2000. That Moroccan law is still influenced by the old dahirs (laws). To better understand Moroccan Copyright law, these questions will be addressed: What are Copyright Protected Works, What are Their Conditions? What Are Some Unusual Aspects of Moroccan Copyright Law? How Does Copyright Ownership Work? What are the Formalities and Documentation for Moroccan Copyright? Does the Law Treat as Special Moroccan National Folkways? History of Moroccan Copyright Law: Morocco, like the rest of the Muslim world, did not have a strong history of protecting Intellectual Property (IP) rights. In fact, until the 20th century, the concept was foreign to the law of this country. Morocco did have better IP rights than neighbors since it accessed French laws on the topic, resulting in the dahirs of 1916 and 1970, although application of these standards was hardly uniform. Morocco decided to set aside the old French model and strive for a global model after it chose to attempt to become a member of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). This represented a bold, non-typical deviation from the colonial model when they rejected the regional model to pursue membership in 1993 (Morocco also attempted to become an early member of the European Union, but were rejected out of hand for not technically being a European state). The Government was given guidelines to follow, such as ratifying the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property, or TRIPS Agreement. This transformed the intellectual property thinking in the state as Morocco struggled to bring their legislation and regulations in agreement with international standards and procedures. Morocco, was classed a "developing country" and signed the TRIPS Agreement, and was given a deadline of the year 2000 to redraft its IP legislation to meet WIPO standards. This explains why the new IP law was passed when it was, yielding Morocco Law No. 2-00 on Copyright and Related Rights of February 15, 2000 was signed into effect. What are Copyright Protected Works, What are Their Conditions? "Protected work" in the Moroccan Copyright Law of 2000 are too numerous to list, but Morocco accepts the Berne Convention, which does have a long, but incomplete listing. Protected works presume several characteristics. First, the work being protected must be an "original", which is not a well-developed definition in the Moroccan Copyright Law of 2000. The old 1970 dahir and French law in general define an original as "when its characteristic features and its form, or its form alone, make possible the identification of its author." The new law refers to "originality" as "works that are original intellectual creations in the literary and artistic field." The test for originality, then, will be one of a common sense persuasion through examples and proofs. Second, the work cannot be simply an idea, but an original idea that has been worked-up into some sort of model. Third, there must be an author. This means, according to the law in Article 47, is the person who is shown, via "display on each of the copies the name, pseudonym or mark of the author." Therefore, a model work with a name on it, were it unique, would translate to authorship, and all rights accrued therein, as explained in Article 38. An anonymous, pseudonimical or unknown work is "authored" by the publisher of such. What Are Some Unusual Aspects of Moroccan Copyright Law? While not completely unique, Moroccan copyright law follows the French, as opposed to U.S. standard, and does not require copyrighted articles be fixed on material support for copyright. This is undoubtedly to help preserve Moroccan folksongs as IP. Also, the 2000 Copyright law does not recognize "compilations", again unlike its U.S. counterpart. This has created an interesting situation where computer databases are not treated typically within the 2000 law, but case law (Coprosa decision) and legislation (1985 law) developed to grant databanks original protection, and to help with this void, given as a 'right of extraction and reuse', although the protection has not gone beyond 15 years. Databases are classed derivative works, in Article 5(b), but with no details as to scope and term of the protection. How Does Copyright Ownership Work? In Article 1, paragraph (1), the new law states an author of a work is "the natural person who created the work," and "He or she is the first owner of the moral and economic right in the work," according to Article 31. Proof is that "his or her name appears visibly on the work," according to Article 38. Yet this name, according to Article 1, paragraph (1), might not be the real author or person who commissioned it. The law only applies to "real persons," not legal entities -- although the case law disagrees with this point -- and protection lasts a lifetime plus fifty years, according to (Article 26). What are the Formalities and Documentation for Moroccan Copyright? Formalities: For Copyright registration formalities, and unlike U.S. copyright, the Moroccan Copyright Law of 2000 and the decree of 8 March 1965 do not gave a particular manner of registering copyright or an stipulation to deposit of works. While there is a stipulation in the dahir of 7 October 1932 that says four copies of any work produced in number and put in circulation on Moroccan territory26 must be deposited with the General Library and Archives (BGA) in Rabat. Strangely, this rule has no relation to copyright, since this is registered nowhere else. The Moroccan Copyright Office relies upon a procedure of declaration and the admissibility of such on the Report of the Authentification Commission to then accept them. Documentation: Again, for Moroccan texts, there is no documentary evidence needed to attest to authorship of a work, or any body set up for such a purpose. But the dahir of 7 October 1932 stipulates that on legal deposit, when a work is put into circulation in Morocco, four copies shall be handed over to the BGA, and a formal document is then issued in return. The article gives the name and status of the author referring to 'claims', not unlike copyright forms of the American and Canadian Copyright Offices. But Article 12 of the dahir of 7 October 1932 does not create copyright, nor constitute any kind of certificate of ownership, or a defensible certificate of entitlement regarding such rights. Does the Law Treat as Special Moroccan National Folkways? Yes. Morocco has an extremely rich cultural heritage, expressed in dance, song, and art. The old dahirs protected these works, naming indigenous art and invention as, "folklore", being "unpublished works where the identity of the author is unknown but where there is every ground to presume that he is or was a Moroccan national," according to dahir 29 of the 1970 code. Article 7, "Protection of Expressions of Folklore" makes the fixing of folklore works under approval of the Moroccan Copyright Bureau. _______________________________________________ AfrICANN mailing list AfrICANN(a)afrinic.net https://lists.afrinic.net/mailman/listinfo.cgi/africann -- becky beckyit.blogspot.com

1 0

Re: [kictanet] Welcome to the "kictanet" mailing list
by Sheba Kimani 09 Nov '07

09 Nov '07

---------- Original Message ---------------------------------- From: kictanet-request(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke Date: Thu, 08 Nov 2007 12:33:00 +0300 >Welcome to the kictanet(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke mailing list! > >To post to this list, send your email to: > > kictanet(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke > >General information about the mailing list is at: > > http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet > >If you ever want to unsubscribe or change your options (eg, switch to >or from digest mode, change your password, etc.), visit your >subscription page at: > > http://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/sheba%40afrispa.org > > >You can also make such adjustments via email by sending a message to: > > kictanet-request(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke > >with the word `help' in the subject or body (don't include the >quotes), and you will get back a message with instructions. > >You must know your password to change your options (including changing >the password, itself) or to unsubscribe. It is: > > dutoipce > >Normally, Mailman will remind you of your lists.kictanet.or.ke mailing >list passwords once every month, although you can disable this if you >prefer. This reminder will also include instructions on how to >unsubscribe or change your account options. There is also a button on >your options page that will email your current password to you. > -- Sheba Kimani Program Officer AfrISPA Secretariate email: sheba(a)afrispa.org Tel: 254 - 729 888 904 AFRISPA MISSION STATEMENT: Promoting the growth of the internet in Africa and its use as a tool for development and integration into the global knowledge economy through the strengthening of social and technical infrastructure. --

1 0

KTN online now...
by Michael Kipsang Bullut 07 Nov '07

07 Nov '07

Check out the link below... ---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: Robert Omange <romangew(a)yahoo.com> Date: 26 Oct 2007 16:10 Subject: [Bush_fire] KTN online now To: bush_fire(a)yahoogroups.com Gentlemen The Kenya Television Network is now live online please try it out and stop missing current affairs. Glory of the Internet. http://216.139.225.126:7008/live_tv_ke Your channel your choice Good day Omange __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com __._,_.___ Messages in this topic <http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire/message/16282;_ylc=X3oDMTM1dGcycGQy…>( 1) Reply (via web post) <http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire/post;_ylc=X3oDMTJwNjQ4Y29xBF9TAzk3M…>| Start a new topic <http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire/post;_ylc=X3oDMTJkMnBlbGVpBF9TAzk3M…> Messages<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire/messages;_ylc=X3oDMTJkNG1kaGE3BF9TA…>| Files<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire/files;_ylc=X3oDMTJlazZ1NzU0BF9TAzk3…>| Photos<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire/photos;_ylc=X3oDMTJkcmtpZ250BF9TAzk…>| Links<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire/links;_ylc=X3oDMTJldTZjNHVpBF9TAzk3…>| Database<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire/database;_ylc=X3oDMTJidG84amgzBF9TA…>| Polls<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire/polls;_ylc=X3oDMTJlY25uaTdqBF9TAzk3…>| Members<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire/members;_ylc=X3oDMTJkY3BlNmQ5BF9TAz…>| Calendar<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire/calendar;_ylc=X3oDMTJjZjVoMzhhBF9TA…> ******************************************* Join the Alliance Network at http://www.alliancealumni.org/tan To unsubscribe: bush_fire-unsubscribe(a)yahoogroups.com To subscribe: bush_fire-subscribe(a)yahoogroups.com or http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire/join Rant and Rave: bush_fire-owner(a)yahoogroups.com URL: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire ******************************************* [image: Yahoo! Groups]<http://groups.yahoo.com/;_ylc=X3oDMTJjcW51Y2dxBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzUxM…> Change settings via the Web<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire/join;_ylc=X3oDMTJldjdzdmMwBF9TAzk3M…>(Yahoo! ID required) Change settings via email: Switch delivery to Daily Digest<bush_fire-digest@yahoogroups.com?subject=Email+Delivery:+Digest>| Switch format to Traditional<bush_fire-traditional@yahoogroups.com?subject=Change+Delivery+Format:+Traditional> Visit Your Group <http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire;_ylc=X3oDMTJjaWpvanZlBF9TAzk3MzU5Nz…>| Yahoo! Groups Terms of Use <http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/> | Unsubscribe <bush_fire-unsubscribe(a)yahoogroups.com?subject=> Recent Activity - 4 New Members<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire/members;_ylc=X3oDMTJlYjgzMWY0BF9TAz…> Visit Your Group <http://groups.yahoo.com/group/bush_fire;_ylc=X3oDMTJkaTVuam9mBF9TAzk3MzU5Nz…> Yahoo! Finance It's Now Personal<http://us.ard.yahoo.com/SIG=12j0kkcg1/M=493064.10729649.11333340.8674578/D=…> Guides, news, advice & more. Y! Messenger Files to share?<http://us.ard.yahoo.com/SIG=12jomlid2/M=493064.10729668.11333359.8674578/D=…> Send up to 1GB of files in an IM. Yahoo! Groups Find Green Groups<http://us.ard.yahoo.com/SIG=12jrb4v3v/M=493064.11135488.11710474.8674578/D=…> Share with others Help the Planet. . __,_._,___ -- "To see a world in a grain of sand, and a heaven in a wildflower...hold infinity in the palm of your hand, and eternity in an hour..." ~ William Blakeg. --

2 1

[DN] Listing Safaricom IPO abroad would be totally myopic
by Alex Gakuru 07 Nov '07

07 Nov '07

[This writer...writes] Listing Safaricom IPO abroad would be totally myopic Story by JAINDI KISERO Publication Date: 2007/11/07 --Excerpts-- I GATHER THE GOVERNMENT IS being lobbied to allow an offshore listing of part of the Safaricom IPO. It must firmly reject this proposal. Why should we allow foreign investors a discounted price of Safaricom shares at the expense of Kenyans? If any foreign investors want to buy into the Safaricom IPO, let them come here and purchase the shares from the Nairobi Stock Exchange. With the efficient trading and settlement system which the NSE has, there is really nothing to dissuade a foreign investor purchasing the shares through the bourse... THIS TIME, MOST OF THE BIG BOYS his time, most of these big boys will want to carry a lot of Safaricom in their portfolios. Applications are likely to be much higher than those for KenGen. Does it surprise anyone that more than 30 per cent of those who own shares today are people who opened their first CDS accounts during the KenGen IPO? These people who are talking about offshore listing have completely missed the point. Today, the most common complaint from wananchi who participated in the recent IPOs KenGen, Mumias and Kenya-Re is the small number of shares they were allocated and the length of time it took to be refunded the money the had put in. How can one think of an offshore listing when our people cant get enough? http://www.nationmedia.com/dailynation/nmgcontententry.asp?category_id=25&n… __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com

1 0

Brighthand.com News Article -- Google Announces Android, an Open Source Operating System for Smartphones
by brian＠isisweb.nl 06 Nov '07

06 Nov '07

Your friend Mblayo thought you might be interested in the following article on Brighthand.com: Google Announces Android, an Open Source Operating System for Smartphones After months of rumors and speculation, Google has officially announced Android, an operating system for mobile devices it is developing in partnership with a wide variety of companies. Link to full article: http://www.brighthand.com/default.asp?newsID=13470 heh! Iko mambo...../... Brighthand.com <http://www.brighthand.com> --

1 0