- KICTANet - KICTANet

IGF 2017 Remote Hubs
by Michael Ilishebo 23 Aug '17

23 Aug '17

Dear Colleagues, In case your respective teams/communities are interested to participate at the 12th IGF annual meeting <https://www.intgovforum.org/multilingual/content/igf-2017-geneva-switzerlan…>, but can not attend the meeting in person, we would like to inform that there will be an option to organize Remote Hubs <https://www.intgovforum.org/multilingual/content/igf-2017-remote-hubs>. This has been a very successful practice in previous IGFs. It allows for interested groups to gather in one place, and follow the meeting discussions from their homes, offices or any other spaces. Through your Remote Hub platform, you can interact live with the meeting on-site participants, by sending text questions or using audio/video system. Stakeholders interested in organizing a Remote Hub are invited to register before 17 November 2017, by using this online form <https://www.intgovforum.org/multilingual/content/igf-2017-remote-hub-regist…> . We would appreciate early registrations, as it will allow for the IGF Secretariat to organize dedicated training for remote moderators, where needed. Best regards, IGF Secretariat

1 0

Fwd: African Mobile Factbook 3Q 2017 - whitepaper download
by Ali Hussein 22 Aug '17

22 Aug '17

Listers This may be useful. Regards *Ali Hussein* *Principal* *Hussein & Associates* Tel: +254 713 601113 Twitter: @AliHKassim Skype: abu-jomo LinkedIn: http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim <http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim> 13th Floor , Delta Towers, Oracle Wing, Chiromo Road, Westlands, Nairobi, Kenya. Any information of a personal nature expressed in this email are purely mine and do not necessarily reflect the official positions of the organizations that I work with. ---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: Keith Wallace <keithw(a)thinkcmsinfo.com> Date: Tue, Aug 22, 2017 at 4:44 PM Subject: African Mobile Factbook 3Q 2017 - whitepaper download To: Ali Hussein <info(a)alyhussein.com> For your attention The 'Africa Mobile Factbook 3Q 2017' provides 54-pages of analysis, forecasts and data with 18 charts and 13 tables. Unique mobile subscribers in Sub-Saharan Africa are expected to grow from 420 million at the end of 2016 to 535 million in 2020, although only 40 percent will have mobile Internet penetration in that period, and the surge is forecast to make it the fastest-growing global region. Subscriber growth is expected to be boosted by currently under-represented segments. These include the under-16 age group, which accounts for more than 40 percent of the population in many countries, and women, who are currently 17 percent less likely to have a mobile than their male counterparts. Meanwhile local mobile operators have invested some USD 37 billion in their networks over the past five years, mainly to deploy new 3G and 4G mobile broadband networks. Concentrated and underpenetrated markets, such as the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Nigeria and Tanzania,are expected to account for half of the 115 million new subscribers in the Sub-Saharan Africa by 2020. Download your copy of the* 'Africa Mobile Factbook 3Q 2017 <http://www.thinkcmsinfo.com/track_email.php?id=Imh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmFmcmljYW50…>'* now! Or follow market developments with a no-obligation 5-issue trial subscription to '*Africa & Middle East Telecom-Week*' <http://www.thinkcmsinfo.com/track_email.php?id=Imh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmFmcmljYW50…>, providing a unique blend of news, analysis and subscriber data. Kind regards Keith Wallace *TelecomsMarketResearch - "Your One-Stop Information Shop"* *13 Chiltern House, Waterside, Chesham, Bucks, HP5 1PS, UK* *t:+44-(0)1494-771734 f:+44-(0)1494-778994**e-mail: * *keithw(a)thinkcmsinfo.com** web: **http://www.TelecomsMarketResearch.com <http://www.thinkcmsinfo.com/track_email.php?id=Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudGVsZWNvbXNt…>* *Chiltern Magazine Services Ltd.,* *Registered Office: Morton House, 9 Beacon Court, Pitsone Green Business Park, Pitstone, LU7 9GY, UK**Registered in England and Wales No. 3240740 VAT No.GB 685 4343 10* Should you wish to see further information on either Thinkcmsinfo.com or any of the research titles we promote then email keithw(a)thinkcmsinfo.com If you want to unsubscribe from this list, please click on the unsubscribe <http://www.thinkcmsinfo.com/elms_unsubscribe.php?unsubscribe&key=6809d44ae7…> link. Alternatively, to improve the relevance of these market research updates, please let me know what is a hot topic for you right now. Please email keithw(a)thinkcmsinfo.com.

1 0

Re: [kictanet] Day 2 on Fake News: Combating Fake News
by Mildred Achoch 22 Aug '17

22 Aug '17

Dear Listers, On combating fake news: I have just come across an ad titled "Fight Fake News". When I clicked, it took me to this interesting website. "Hostwriter is a global network for media professionals. We connect journalists to easily seek and offer help, whether in the form of story collaboration, local advice or even accommodation. All journalists provide work samples by way of professional verification. Membership is free of charge." Could a Kenyan version of this help in combating fake news? On Saturday, August 19, 2017, kanini mutemi via kictanet < kictanet(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote: > Good afternoon Listers, > > Thank you for participating in Day 2 of Talk to NCIC. Once again, very > good and thought provoking contributions. Just a quick summary of the > discussions: > > > *On (a): What is the effect of Fake News to the mainstream media?* > > Fake News affects the credibility of mainstream media. > > > > *On (b): What is the role of the Kenyan media in combating Fake News?* > Mainstream media already has a platform from which they ought to educate > the public on Fake News while propagating the truth. The media should > always fact-check stories posted by others and be quick to call out Fake > News. To avoid further denting their credibility, mainstream media should > be careful to only post that which is legitimate. Since Kenyan still trust > mainstream media as a legitimate source of information, they must uphold > this fiduciary duty. > > There was a proposal for a quick fact-checking tool which people can use > to ascertain the veracity of a story before sharing it. > > > *On (c): Is the Kenyan media doing enough? *Initiatives such as Newsplex > and the fact-checking segment on NTV demonstrate that the media is fighting > back against Fake News. We were also informed of the global search for > enterprising solutions by the International Centre for Journalists (ICJF) > @Churchill please keep us updated on this. > > There was a feeling, however, that these efforts are not enough- more > needs to be done. > > *On (d): What should platforms such as Facebook and Google be doing to > reduce the effect of Fake News? Is there a need for localised solutions?* > > Initiatives by Google and Facebook were lauded. @Fadzai pointed out some > of the work being done by Facebook eg the in-app educational tool, and > efforts to make Fake News less profitable. Local efforts by PesaCheck and > AfricaCheck were highlighted as examples to emulate. > > > If you have anything to add, feel free. This is not the end of the > conversation. > -- > *Mercy Mutemi*. > > > > -- Check out the Rock 'n' roll film festival, Kenya TV Channel! http://kenyarockfilmfestivaljournal.blogspot.com

1 0

US Supreme Court asked to nullify the Google trademark
by Ali Hussein 22 Aug '17

22 Aug '17

Listers Interesting development. Is the term "google" too generic and therefore unworthy of its trademark protection? That's the question before the US Supreme Court. Words like teleprompter, thermos, hoover, aspirin, and videotape were once trademarked. They lost the status after their names became too generic and fell victim to what is known as "genericide." What's before the Supreme Court is a trademark lawsuit that Google already defeated in a lower court. The lawsuit claims that Google should no longer be trademarked because the word "google" is synonymous to the public with the term "search the Internet." US Supreme Court asked to nullify the Google trademark <https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2017/08/supreme-court-asked-to-nullify-…> What are the implications in the Kenyan context? Have you heard guys using Airtel Money saying 'Mpesa me please?' :-) Should governments even think about this? It's ludicrous that we are even discussing this.. :-) *Ali Hussein* *Principal* *Hussein & Associates* Tel: +254 713 601113 Twitter: @AliHKassim Skype: abu-jomo LinkedIn: http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim <http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim> 13th Floor , Delta Towers, Oracle Wing, Chiromo Road, Westlands, Nairobi, Kenya. Any information of a personal nature expressed in this email are purely mine and do not necessarily reflect the official positions of the organizations that I work with.

6 10

Re: [kictanet] Talk to NCIC on hate speech, fake news and social media
by Ali Hussein 22 Aug '17

22 Aug '17

GG This debate is timely and urgent and looking forward to different perspectives. It's great to see NCIC finally wanting to engage as opposed to issuing threats to social media users. This is a sign of maturity and it is very welcome. Looking forward to engaging. Regards *Ali Hussein* *Principal* *Hussein & Associates* Tel: +254 713 601113 Twitter: @AliHKassim Skype: abu-jomo LinkedIn: http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim <http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim> 13th Floor , Delta Towers, Oracle Wing, Chiromo Road, Westlands, Nairobi, Kenya. Any information of a personal nature expressed in this email are purely mine and do not necessarily reflect the official positions of the organizations that I work with. On Tue, Aug 15, 2017 at 11:50 PM, Grace Githaiga via kictanet < kictanet(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote: > Listers > > > Further to our production of the policy brief on Internet Shutdowns in > which we called on the relevant authorities to uphold the freedom of > expression during elections, the National Cohesion and Integration > Commission (NCIC) https://www.cohesion.or.ke/ whose overall objective is > to encourage national cohesion and integration, reached out to us to us > today. Their main concern is that some social media users have gone > overboard in heightening emotions through sharing of false information, > fake news and what is considered hate speech. > > > As KICTANet, we can contribute to possible interventions in such away as > to moderate some of these conversations. > > > In the same way that we have engaged with other partners, we propose a > moderated discussion with NCIC for three days (tomorrow Wednesday 16 to > Friday 18, August 2017). This discussion may also be to offer the > Commission your suggestions on possible approaches. The NCIC team that > includes staff and some commissioners have been subscribed here. So they > are listening! > > > This will be followed by a face to face meeting sometime next week, where > the NCIC team will respond to concerns that you may wish to further raise > with them, or simply listen to your recommendation. We will advise you on > the date and venue in due course. > > > Day 1 > > > Introduction > > > Fake news is essentially fabricated news that has no basis in fact, but > is presented as being factually accurate. > > > The electioneering period in Kenya saw a rapid spread of fake news that > manifested itself in several ways on the internet. These included content > on websites or social media pages that was outright false, deliberately > misleading, manipulated, fabricated, or with made-up sources, fake websites > that mimic legitimate ones etc. Unfortunately, several social media users > have fallen prey to this type of news and have ended up sharing such > information without verification. This was for example, evident in the > events that followed the announcement of presidential results, where the > rapid spread of unverified information, including hate speech, that > heightened fear, anxiety and tension across the country, reminiscent of the > 2007 post-election period. > > > While Kenya’s Constitution enshrines freedom of expression, it also limits > this right to exclude incitement to violence, hate speech and advocacy for > incitement that is discriminatory or that constitutes ethnic incitement, > vilification of others or incitement to cause harm. > > > According to section 13 of the NCIC Act, the offence of hate speech is > committed when a person uses threatening, abusive or insulting words or > behaviour, or displays any written material; publishes or distributes > written material; presents or directs the performance the public > performance of a play; distributes, shows or plays, a recording of visual > images; or provides, produces or directs a programme, which is threatening, > abusive or insulting or involves the use of threatening, abusive or > insulting words or behavior commits an offence if such person intends > thereby to stir up ethnic hatred, or having regard to all the > circumstances, ethnic hatred is likely to be stirred up. the penalty is > fine not exceeding one million shillings or to imprisonment for a term not > exceeding three years or to both. > > > The rise in disinformation on the Internet in Kenya brings to fore the > challenges of regulating social media platforms and content in general. > This is a global problem and the current problem in Kenya provides an > opportunity for actors to contribute to this discussion. The problem can be > assessed from different angles. At the basic level are users who contribute > to the Internet economy by having online presences. However, when they > produce and share disinformation, whether with good or bad intention, they > make the Internet a toxic space and their actions can have dangerous > effects offline. > > > At a second level are platforms where the content is shared. The rise in > use of the platforms therefore makes public policy advocates interrogate > the role of the platforms in combating the spread of such content and > therefore preventing offline harm. > > > Finally, there are regulators and government agencies in Kenya that were > established to regulate aspects of communication technologies and promote > national cohesion in Kenya. The current situation has seen affected > Kenyans look up to them to provide leadership at this critical time. > > > The rise of fake news and hate speech was discussed on KICTANet in the > runup to the annual Kenya IGF in July 2017. The magnitude of the problem > however requires experts to come together and not only help Kenyans > understand the problem but also offer solutions on how best to resolve the > problem, both in the immediate and long term. > > > Suggested Questions > > Day One: Users and Fake News > > 1. > > Why is there an increase in the prevalence of fake news recently? > 2. > > What is the role of different categories of users in combating fake > news? > 3. > > Have Kenyans given up or are there good practices in combating fake > news? > 4. > > Is fake news a manifestation of deeper societal issues and if so, are > there any ways to combat it other than resolving the societal issues? > 5. > > We have Bloggers who are seen as influencers. Do have a higher duty > when communicating? > > > > Day Two: Platform Responsibility > > 1. > > What should platforms such as Facebook and Google be doing to reduce > the effect of fake news? > 2. > > Is Kenya’s problem so unique that it requires localised solutions by > platforms? > 3. > > What is the role of media in combating fake news? > 4. > > Is the Kenyan media doing enough? > > > Day Three: Government Agencies and Regulator > > 1. > > Given the effect of fake news in Kenya, does it cross the “red line”. > In other words, is fake news illegal if it leads to incitement? > 2. > > Do the two main agencies NCIC and CA have sufficient mandate to combat > fake news? > 3. > > If not, is it time we regulated social media use? How? > > > > > Best regards > > > Githaiga, Grace > > > Co-Convenor > Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) > Twitter:@ggithaiga > Tel: 254722701495 > Skype: gracegithaiga > Alternate email: ggithaiga(a)hotmail.com > Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/gracegithaiga > www.kictanet.or.ke > > "Change only happens when ordinary people get involved, get engaged and > come together to demand it. I am asking you to believe. Not in my ability > to bring about change – but in yours"---Barrack Obama. > > > _______________________________________________ > kictanet mailing list > kictanet(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke > https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet > Twitter: http://twitter.com/kictanet > Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/ > > Unsubscribe or change your options at https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/ > mailman/options/kictanet/info%40alyhussein.com > > The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform > for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and > regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT > sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development. > > KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors > online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, > share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do > not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications. > >

2 2

Day 2 on Fake News: Platform Responsibility
by kanini mutemi 19 Aug '17

19 Aug '17

Good morning Listers. It's another great day to talk about Fake News! Day 1 we focused on the prevalence of Fake News and the role of different stakeholders in combating it. Now we move to *Platform Responsibility. * For those who are just joining us, KICTANet is carrying out a three day online engagement with the National Cohesion and Integration Commission (NCIC) on how to deal with Fake News. Feel free to share your proposals on possible interventions. Here are some questions to guide our discussion today: *(a) What is the effect of Fake News to the mainstream media?* *(b) **What is the role of the Kenyan media in combating Fake News?* *(c) * *Is the Kenyan media doing enough?* *(d) **What should platforms such as Facebook and Google be doing to reduce the effect of Fake News? Is there a need for localised solutions?* Fire away. -- *Mercy Mutemi*.

12 22

Re: [kictanet] kictanet Digest, Vol 123, Issue 52
by PETER OLOO 18 Aug '17

18 Aug '17

Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android On Fri, Aug 18, 2017 at 14:42, kictanet-request(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke<kictanet-request(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote: Send kictanet mailing list submissions to kictanet(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to kictanet-request(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke You can reach the person managing the list at kictanet-owner(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific than "Re: Contents of kictanet digest..." Today's Topics: 1. Re: Talk to NCIC Day 3: Government Regulation of Fake News (kanini mutemi) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Message: 1 Date: Fri, 18 Aug 2017 14:26:38 +0300 From: kanini mutemi <kaninimutemi(a)gmail.com> To: KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions <kictanet(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke> Subject: Re: [kictanet] Talk to NCIC Day 3: Government Regulation of Fake News Message-ID: <CACiPFogqVe4Vu=02igzRnPMsPLRufAtcSoBsFA8wzfMT-8G3eA(a)mail.gmail.com> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" I have attached a copy of the *Computer and Cybercrimes Bill, 2017 *published on 13th June, 2017. Clause 12 reads: *'A person who intentionally publishes false, misleading or fictitious data or misinforms with intent that the data shall be considered or acted upon as authentic, with or without any financial gain, commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding five million shillings or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years, or to both.'* ?Is there a drawback to this approach? ? -- *Mercy Mutemi*.

1 0

Talk to NCIC Day 3: Government Regulation of Fake News
by kanini mutemi 18 Aug '17

18 Aug '17

Good morning Listers, Welcome to Day 3 of engaging with NCIC on Fake News. We have so far spent some time looking at the impact of Fake News and teasing out what different stakeholders can do to fight Fake News. Since we are in agreement that Fake News has become a menace, *is it time the government regulated Fake News? * Today's guiding questions: *(a) Should the spreading of Fake News be a crime? How about when Fake News leads to incitement? * *(b) The NCIC (National Cohesion and Integration Commission) and the CA (Communications Authority); do these agencies have the sufficient mandate to combat Fake News?* *(c) Is it time we reguated social media use? How? * Looking forward to hearing your views! -- *Mercy Mutemi*.

1 0

Fwd: [ALAC-Announce] ICANN News Alert -- Changing the Keys for the Internet’s Addressing System – Don’t Get Locked Out
by Ali Hussein 17 Aug '17

17 Aug '17

Listers and especially ISPs and Telcos this might be of interest. Ali Hussein Principal Hussein & Associates +254 0713 601113 Twitter: @AliHKassim Skype: abu-jomo LinkedIn: http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim "We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, therefore, is not an act but a habit." ~ Aristotle Sent from my iPad Begin forwarded message: > From: ICANN At-Large Staff <staff(a)atlarge.icann.org> > Date: 17 August 2017 at 3:31:44 PM EAT > To: ALAC Announce <alac-announce(a)atlarge-lists.icann.org> > Subject: [ALAC-Announce] ICANN News Alert -- Changing the Keys for the Internet’s Addressing System – Don’t Get Locked Out > > > [icann.org] > News Alert > > https://www.icann.org/resources/press-material/release-2017-08-16-en[icann.… > > Changing the Keys for the Internet’s Addressing System – Don’t Get Locked Out > 16 August 2017 > > Los Angeles, California… For the first time ever, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is about to change the cryptographic keys that help secure the Internet's Domain Name System (DNS). > > "It is critical that Internet Service Providers and network operators around the world make certain they are ready for this change as failure to do so can result in their users being unable to look up domain names and thus be unable to reach any site on the Internet" said David Conrad, ICANN's Chief Technology Officer. Conrad added, "Network operators should ensure they have up-to-date software, have enabled DNSSEC, and verified that their systems can update their keys automatically or they have processes in place to manually update to the new key by 1600 UTC on 11 October 2017." > > The changing, or "rolling" of the key, is an important step in keeping the global DNS safe and secure. It is very much in line with commonly accepted operational practices that ensure that important security infrastructure can support changing password if the need were to ever arise. > > "We've launched a testing platform so network operators can make certain that they are ready for the key roll well ahead of October 11," said Conrad. That testing platform can be accessed at: https://go.icann.org/KSKtest[go.icann.org]. Internet users should contact their ISP or network operators to make certain they are ready for the key change. > > ICANN has been working with technical partners such as the Regional Internet Registries, Network Operations Groups, and domain name registries and registrars as well as others in the Internet ecosystem, such as the Internet Society and Internet trade associations, to make certain that those around the world who may be impacted by the key roll are aware of the pending change. > > ICANN Chief Executive Officer Göran Marby has sent correspondence to more than 170 government officials including regulators and participants in ICANN's Government Advisory Committee, asking that they make certain the network operators in their respective countries are aware and ready for the key change. > > To learn more about the pending Key Roll, go here: https://www.icann.org/kskroll[icann.org]. > > To join the conversation on Twitter use #KeyRoll. > > # # # > > Media Contacts > > Brad White > Director of Communications, North America > Washington, D.C. > Tel: +1 202 570 7118 > Email: brad.white(a)icann.org > > Alexandra Dans > Senior Manager, Latin America and Caribbean Communications > Montevideo, Uruguay > Tel: +598 95 831 442 > Email: alexandra.dans(a)icann.org > > About ICANN > > ICANN's mission is to help ensure a stable, secure and unified global Internet. To reach another person on the Internet, you have to type an address into your computer - a name or a number. That address has to be unique so computers know where to find each other. ICANN helps coordinate and support these unique identifiers across the world. ICANN was formed in 1998 as a not-for-profit public-benefit corporation and a community with participants from all over the world. ICANN and its community help keep the Internet secure, stable and interoperable. It also promotes competition and develops policy for the top-level of the Internet's naming system and facilitates the use of other unique Internet identifiers. For more information please visit: www.icann.org[icann.org]. > _______________________________________________ > ALAC-Announce mailing list > ALAC-Announce(a)atlarge-lists.icann.org > https://atlarge-lists.icann.org/mailman/listinfo/alac-announce > > At-Large Official Site: http://www.atlarge.icann.org

1 0

Talk to NCIC Day 1: Users and Fake News
by Matunda Nyanchama 17 Aug '17

17 Aug '17

Friends, Here is my take on the above, some of which may have been expressed by others. a) Why is there an increase in the prevalence of Fake News recently? - Propaganda has been with mankind since time immemorial; it is not new. Fake news is not new. For example, it is said that in the days of apartheid in South Africa, the white supremacist regime routinely planted stories in print newspapers that passed as the "truth". The challenges of recognizing what was fake then were harder as the world was less interconnected than it is today, let alone the cost of associated communication. - Also, lies travel much faster than the truth as captured by such quotes as (i) a lie can travel half way around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes." - Charles Spurgeon; or (ii) "Falsehood flies, and the truth comes limping after it." - Jonathan Swift - In my view what the Internet has done is to aggravate the situation due to the speed at which information (fake and otherwise) travels in a "borderless" world. The proliferation of social media and seamless manner in which messages flow back and forth across platforms (Facebook, twitter, Instagram, etc.) only exacerbates the situation, making the situation worse. - On the other hand, many organizations/agencies/parties/individuals aren't prepared for the rapid response that would counter such lies. The amount of resources and associated expertise that would go with such preparedness is something that many organizations/agencies/parties/individuals are coming to terms with. In the last elections, it is said (I can't confirm this) that some entities (parties, candidates, etc.) hired teams of bloggers to generate fake news as part of the propaganda campaign, a key component of their election strategy. b) What is the role of different categories of users in combating Fake News? - Awareness and Response with healthy skepticism: o Individuals and organisations need to be aware of existence of fake news. As such awareness is a first step. They must learn to treat everything with skepticism and with an attitude of "trust but verify". In this respect Facebook has done a great on how to recognize fake news. o Individuals and organizations should hesitate to forward/share/proliferate anything that appears suspect. In many respects, some forward such material based on how it resonates/echoes with their inner tendencies. Thus NASA supporters may be more inclined to share (widely) that which appears to be inimical to Jubilee and vice versa. o In the same vein, such individuals and organizations should openly express reservations regarding such content and reasons thereof. That would also make others be more attentive to concerns raised. - When affected o Individuals and organizations that are subject of fake news should rapidly respond and put things right! . Fake news that remains unchallenged becomes the "truth". . - Future Preparedness o Individuals and organizations should be prepared to face fake news when it happens. In that respect, they need to put their ears to the ground, as it were, in readiness for anything untoward. - The Law o I haven't perused the most recent versions of cyber bill in Kenya to see whether it accommodates this aspect of criminal behaviour. As well, I am not sure how the penal code address such fake news in the analog world. The law needs to address. . btw in cyberspace the challenge is that of investigation to establish the actual culprits. c) Have Kenyans given up or are there good practices in combating? I am not aware of evidence to reach such a conclusion. However, my sense is that Kenyans appear overwhelmed and that those that get affected are not as prepared for response as would be desirable. Indeed, considering that many are confronting this for the first time leaves that confused as to how to effectively respond. d) Is Fake News a manifestation of deeper societal issues and if so, are there ways of combating it other than resolving the societal issues? - Freedom of expression of the kind we have today is unprecedented in history. The "democratization" of cyberspace (given the low entry costs) allows every Tom, Dick and Harry as much as access as anyone out there. It enables access and express for the ethical and unethical. The elite can have a voice as much as the lowliest of the low in society. - On the other hand, this unprecedented freedom of expression provides a good vent for pressures in society where many did not have such opportunities in the past. Our history in Kenya records repression of expression. My guess is that there is thin link to our historical past. (NB: it would be interesting to do a comparative study of the rate of occurrence of fake news in such societies as in the western world versus those like our own. It would be one way of establishing whether there is a link between the rate of occurrence of fake news and a society's past.) - The false sense of online anonymity exacerbates the situation. Studies on individuals' online behaviour unmask many aspects of human conduct that otherwise ordinary lives do not reveal. A good example is a person's search history! Fake news could be seen in such light! - The weak deterrent measures allow perpetrators to continue perpetuating such behaviour. The transnational nature of such transgressions, makes deterrence non-trivial! e) We have Bloggers who are seen as influencers. Do they have a higher duty when communicating? - Unlike professional journalists, bloggers have no enforceable code of ethics. However, they should be demonstrate ethical conduct. This is especially so for those seen to have substantial influence. . I doubt that mainstream media can get away with what some of such bloggers get away with. . the challenge is how to remedy this situation. We should explore how other jurisdictions are handling similar cases for any lessons on handling such cases. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ Matunda Nyanchama, PhD, CISSP; Director & Managing Consultant, <mailto:mnyanchama@aganoconsulting.com> mnyanchama(a)aganoconsulting.com Agano Consulting Inc.; <http://www.aganoconsulting.com/> www.aganoconsulting.com; Twitter: <http://twitter.com/#%21/nmatunda> nmatunda; Skype: okiambe ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------- Manage your ICT risks! We are the experts you need! The trusted partners you deserve! Call: +254-20-267-0743 (Kenya) or info(a)aganoconsulting.com Licensed by Communications Authority of Kenya (CA)

1 0