- KICTANet - KICTANet

Econet finally connected after paying $12m fee
by alice 25 Sep '07

25 Sep '07

Econet finally connected after paying $12m fee By A STAFF WRITER The EastAfrican South African-based mobile telephone operator Econet Wireless has finally found an entry into Kenya's highly lucrative market after it was allocated frequencies by the Communication Commission of Kenya (CCK), ending a bruising three-year battle for a licence. Its local subsidiary, Econet Wireless Kenya Ltd, announced last week that it had received the frequencies after it paid the $12 million (Ksh840 million) balance of its licence fee earlier this month. The company said it was now preparing for rollout of it services, effectively becoming Kenya's third mobile telephone operator. The balance is part of the $27 million the company was required to pay before it could be licensed and allocated frequencies. But the company is entering a market dominated by Safaricom Ltd and Celtel International — more or less a duopoly where the two players dictate terms. In a David and Goliath situation — Safaricom Ltd is the most profitable company posting Ksh17 billion ($253.7 million) in profits while Celtel has established a name for itself — Econet can hope that the CCK finds favour with its appeal and enforces a provision in its licence that commits regulatory authorities compel its competitions to provide a level playing field. But this will only be feasible if the competition allows number portability and the sharing of basic physical infrastructure, including base stations. Number portability allows consumers to retain the same number regardless of the network they are on at any one particular moment, but there is no indication that the CCK will introduce and enforce the requirement and even less hope that the other better entrenched companies will be willing to give in. But Econet's ability to roll out its network almost immediately it receives its licence and frequencies as it had promised remains to be seen. Its entry comes in at a time when the sector is undergoing rapid growth. It has recently witnessed the introduction of CDMA technology by Telkom Kenya, Popote Wireless and Flashcom. Econet's hopes of making an impact and quick profits for its principal shareholders will depend heavily on CCK's ability to negotiate complex interconnect agreements between multiple players and set the price for shared infrastructure. The telecommunications sector is characterised by a large mobile- phone segment, that has experienced sustained growth, with the number of subscribers surging at a phenomenal rate. For the period 2000 to 2005, growth in this sector was a remarkable 105 per cent. It is estimated that total subscriber numbers hit a new peak of eight million in December 2006, implying a penetration rate of 23 per cent. The number of fixed lines remains comparatively low, falling from a peak of 320,000 in 2002 to 280,000 in 2006. With ongoing deregulation and a sustained commitment from the government to support the sector, the business environment is seen as being extremely robust http://www.nationmedia.com/eastafrican/current/News/News24090714.htm <http://www.nationmedia.com/eastafrican/current/News/News24090714.htm> __._, <http://www.yahoogroups.com/group/kenyainternational>

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ICANN, TWNIC Host "Toward the New Era of Internet"
by Alex Gakuru 25 Sep '07

25 Sep '07

http://www.icann.org/announcements/announcement-20sep07.htm ICANN, TWNIC Host Toward the New Era of Internet in Taipei Internationalized domain names, Internet security key topics at three-day meeting 20 September 2007 MARINA DEL REY, Calif.: The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers is joining forces with the Taiwan Network Information Centre (TWNIC) to host a special regional meeting Toward the New Era of Internet in Taipei 19-21 October 2007. ICANN, TWNIC, and the global Internet community are tackling some of the most important issues impacting the Internet since its creation, said Dr Paul Twomey, ICANNs President and CEO. This meeting is an opportunity for technical communities, Internet businesses, and policy makers from the Asia-Pacific to come together and share thoughts and ideas on how we can move forward together. Some of the meeting highlights include: * Internet security and the challenges it presents to governments, service providers, and end-users * The need for a migration to IPv6, with its 340 trillion trillion trillion Internet Protocol addresses, because of the depletion of the widely-used IPv4 space * One of the last official ICANN functions for Board Chair Vint Cerf, whose term ends at the Los Angeles International Public Meeting at the end of October. * ICANNs progress on implementing internationalized domain names (IDNs), which have the goal of adding to the 37 characters presently available for domain names to tens of thousands of characters from many of the languages of the world. IDNs are going to change the face of the Internet when they arrive it will give people the chance to register domain names with their names in their languages, Dr Twomey added. ICANN is about to launch a technical evaluation of the impact IDNs will have, and if all goes well internationalized domain names could be available sometime in 2008. Links to the agenda and registration for the Taipei meeting are online at: http://taipei2007.icann.org/. -- Glen de Saint Géry GNSO Secretariat - ICANN gnso.secretariat[at]gnso.icann.org http://gnso.icann.org ____________________________________________________________________________________ Looking for a deal? Find great prices on flights and hotels with Yahoo! FareChase. http://farechase.yahoo.com/

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NY Times FREE AGAIN!!!
by Alex Gakuru 24 Sep '07

24 Sep '07

["Now, everyone is entitled to our opinions. Effective September 19, 2007, TimesSelect has ended. Content previously published for TimesSelect is available free to all NYTimes.com visitors." http://www.nytimes.com/marketing/ts/] ---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: WWWhatsup <joly(a)punkcast.com> Date: Sep 22, 2007 10:14 PM Subject: [isoc-ny] NY Times FREE AGAIN!!! To: isoc-ny(a)yahoogroups.com, discuss(a)isoc-ny.org [Finally, the old grey lady digs the bullet out of it's foot] http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/ A note to our readers: We have ended TimesSelect. All of our Op-Ed and news columns are now available free of charge. Additionally, The New York Times Archive is available free back to 1987 ---------------------------------------------------------- WWWhatsup NYC http://pinstand.com - http://punkcast.com ---------------------------------------------------------- ____________________________________________________________________________________ Don't let your dream ride pass you by. Make it a reality with Yahoo! Autos. http://autos.yahoo.com/index.html

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Fwd: NSE Week Ending 21Sep2007
by Bill Kagai 22 Sep '07

22 Sep '07

---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: Bill Kagai <mediacorp.research(a)mediacorp.co.ke> Date: Sep 22, 2007 10:21 PM Subject: NSE Week Ending 21Sep2007 To: mediacorp.research(a)mediacorp.co.ke Dear Sir/Madam, In this week's analysis; i. Improved fiscal rectitude and political governance prompts Citi to open shop for equities market in Kenya. ii. Kengen to pay Kshs 0.80 dividend for year ending June 2007. iii. Time in partnership with CNN ponder the mystery behind M-Pesa - aptly summarised as...'Socially useful yet Profitable'...as Safaricom crosses the 500,000 subscriber threshold for M-Pesa. iv. Test drive [myStocks+] a ground breaking software solution developed by Synergy in partnership with MediaCorp that now manages your stock portfolio and generates your statements using real time data. www.mystocks.co.ke -- -- Bildad Kagai MD - MediaCorp Limited Nairobi Stock Exchange [NSE] - Authorised Information Vendor Suite B2 Tetu Apartments StateHouse Avenue P. O. Box 20311-00200 Tel. 254 20 272 8332 Fax. Rendered Obsolete URL. www.mediacorpafrica.com --

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Fwd: EuroAfrica-ICT workshops - Publication sur médias et TIC -- CIPACO FLASH - N°7 - 22/09/2007 (IPAO/PIWA)
by Eric Osiakwan 22 Sep '07

22 Sep '07

Begin forwarded message: > From: "contact(a)cipaco.org" <contact(a)cipaco.org> > Date: 22 September 2007 14:21:13 GMT+03:00 > To: newsletter(a)cipaco.org > Subject: EuroAfrica-ICT workshops - Publication sur médias et TIC > -- CIPACO FLASH - N°7 - 22/09/2007 (IPAO/PIWA) > > CIPACO FLASH - N°7 - 22/09/2007 > -------------------------- > > ******** > ENGLISH > ******** > > ** EuroAfrica-ICT workshop in Botswana** > > As you may already know, the EuroAfrica-ICT initiative > (<http://www.euroafrica-ict.org>) is a project developed under the 6th > Framework Programme (FP6) of the European Commission (DG InfSo) > with the > aim to strengthen, develop and support S&T partnerships in the ICT > field > between Europe and sub-Saharan Africa in particular in FP7 > (<http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7>). > > In this framework you are cordially invited to attend the next two > EuroAfrica-ICT Awareness Workshops: > > Gaborone, Botswana > :: Date: October 8 & 9 > :: Venue: Gaborone International Conference Centre - Gaborone, > Botswana > :: Organiser: The Meraka Institute of the CSIR, South Africa > :: Supporting organisations: Ministry of Communications, Science & > Technology (Botswana) and the University of Botswana. > :: Language: English > :: Participation : Free but no schoolarship to support attendance > available. > :: Contact : RNaidoo(a)csir.co.za and cmanneson(a)csir.co.za > > > Yaoundé, Cameroon (details below in French) > :: Date: October 11 & 12 > :: Venue: Franco Hotel - Yaoundé, Cameroon > :: Organiser: Panos Institute West Africa (PIWA), Senegal > :: Supporting organisation: Ecole Nationale Polytechnique Supérieure, > Université of Yaoundé 1 > :: Language: French > > > ** Publication "Enjeux et usages des TIC en Afrique : Les médias > entrent > dans le débat" ** > > New publication by the Panos Institute West Africa (PIWA), mainly in > French, on media and ICTs in Africa. Issues covered: media uses of > ICTs, > blogs, regulation, SAT3, GSM uses, e-administration, telecenters, etc. > Contains analyses on ICT issues for journalists and 43 articles > written > by journalists from West and Central Africa; 262 pages. Produced > within > the framework of a PIWA project funded by IDRC - See details in > French below > > > > ********** > FRANCAIS > ********** > > ------------------------ > Ateliers EuroAfrica-ICT > ------------------------- > > Comme vous le savez peut-être, l’initiative EuroAfrica-ICT > (<http://www.euroafrica-ict.org>) est un projet soutenu par le 6ème > Programme Cadre de Recherche et Développement (PCRD) de la Commission > européenne (DG Société de l’Information et Media) ayant pour > objectif de > faciliter les partenariats scientifiques et techniques entre les pays > d’Afrique sub-saharienne et de l’Union européenne au sein du 7ème PCRD > (<http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7>). > > Dans ce cadre, nous sommes heureux de vous convier aux deux > ateliers du > projet EuroAfrica-ICT: > > GABORONE, BOTSWANA > :: Date: 8 & 9 Octobre > :: Lieu: Centre de Conférences International - Gaborone, Botswana > :: Organisateur: L’Institut Meraka, CSIR, Afrique du Sud > :: Soutien: Ministère des Communications, des Sciences et Technologies > (Botswana) et l’Université du Botswana > :: Langue de travail: Anglais > :: Contact : RNaidoo(a)csir.co.za et cmanneson(a)csir.co.za > > YAOUNDE - CAMEROUN > :: Date: 11 & 12 Octobre > :: Lieu: Hôtel Franco - Yaoundé, Cameroun > :: Organisateur: Institut Panos Afrique de l’Ouest (IPAO), Sénégal > :: Collaboration: Ecole Nationale Polytechnique Supérieure, Université > of Yaoundé 1 > :: Langue de travail: Français > > ** Objectifs de l'atelier du Cameroun: ** > > 1) Informer les participants sur les activités de l’initiative > EuroAfrica-ICT et ses différents services ; > 2) Informer sur les modalités de participation au 7ème PCRD ; > 3) Identifier les principales institutions africaines pouvant > participer > au 7ème PCRD ; > 4) Favoriser la discussion sur les enjeux de la Recherche Scientifique > sur les TIC, ainsi que la collaboration entre les différents acteurs. > > La rencontre réunira les principales organisations intéressées par la > recherche scientifique dans le secteur des TIC, du Cameroun, des pays > voisins, des institutions régionales et internationales, ainsi que des > représentants de l’Union européenne. > > Durant l’atelier, les enjeux de la recherche sur les TIC pour > l’Afrique, > de la coopération avec l’Union Européenne dans ce domaine, ainsi > que des > initiatives de recherche sur les TIC seront discutés. Des visites de > laboratoires TIC auront également lieu. > > Public cible : Universitaires intéressés par les TIC, acteurs du > secteur > privé TIC intéressés par la recherche/développement et la coopération > technique, autres acteurs travaillant sur ces questions, acteurs de > l’Union européenne intéressés par la recherche et la coopération > technique avec l’Afrique dans ce domaine. > > ** Comment y participer ? ** > > La participation est gratuite mais l’inscription préalable est > impérative ; veuillez bien vouloir vous inscrire en remplissant ce > formulaire > http://www.euroafrica-ict.org/awareness_workshops_formulaire.html. Les > inscriptions seront closes le 2 Octobre 2007. > > Les personnes intéressées devront prendre en charge les frais liés à > leur participation. L’initiative EuroAfrica-ICT prendra en charge les > déjeuners durant l’atelier. > > Pour plus d'informations : > http://www.euroafrica-ict.org/awareness_workshops.html et > http://www.cipaco.org/spip.php?article1198 -- > > > ** > > ---------------------------------------------------------------------- > ------------ > Publication : "Enjeux et usages des TIC en Afrique : Les médias > entrent > dans le débat" > ---------------------------------------------------------------------- > ------------- > > Une nouvelle publication du Programme "Usages et Politiques du > Numérique" (TIC) de l’Institut Panos Afrique de l’Ouest (IPAO) > vient de > paraître. Elle a été réalisée dans le cadre du projet « La presse > écrite > ouest-africaine : médiatrice des enjeux de la société de l’information > », mis en oeuvre par l’IPAO entre 2004 et 2006 et financé par le > Centre > de Recherches pour le Développement International (CRDI). Il avait > pour > objectif de sensibiliser les acteurs des médias aux enjeux de la > société > de l’information et de renforcer leurs capacités à traiter ce thème de > manière professionnelle. > > La publication rend ainsi compte et débat, d’une part, des usages > actuels des TIC pour le développement en Afrique et, d’autre part, de > leurs usages et enjeux pour les médias eux-mêmes. Elle contient des > analyses et plus de quarante articles écrits dans différents > contextes, > par des journalistes de l’Afrique de l’ouest et de l’Afrique centrale, > en français et dans quelques cas en anglais. L’utilisation des TIC > dans > l’administration, celle des blogs, de la téléphonie mobile, la > régulation, le SAT 3, la question « genre et TIC », la convergence et > surtout l’intérêt des TIC pour les médias, sont autant de > problématiques > traitées dans cet ouvrage collectif de 262 pages. > > Le projet financé par le CRDI a été réalisé en liaison avec un autre > projet de production et de renforcement de capacités des médias sur > les > TIC, financé par l’Agence Intergouvernementale de la Francophonie > (AIF), > dans le cadre du Fonds Francophone des Inforoutes (FFI). > > ** Sommaire ** > > - Renforcer les capacités des médias et favoriser la gouvernance > efficiente des TIC (Avant-propos) > - Quand les médias s’approprient les enjeux des TIC : une analyse de > productions de journalistes ouest-africains > > - Sélection d’articles sur les TIC en Afrique > * Régulation et convergence > * Genre et accès universel > * SAT3, régulation, accès > * Médias, accès > * Gouvernance démocratique, développement > * Thèmes divers > > - Usages et perspectives des blogs en Afrique de l’Ouest : cas du > Sénégal > - Eléments d’évaluation sur la problématique « TIC et Médias » en > Afrique : Interviews d’acteurs > > > ** Télécharger gratuitement votre copie : > http://www.panos-ao.org/IMG/pdf_enjeuxetusagesticmedia.pdf > > Publication également disponible sur support imprimé. > > Pour plus d’information sur les activités de renforcement de capacités > des médias sur les TIC menées par l’IPAO, et financées par des > institutions telles que le CRDI, l’OIF/FFI, OSIWA, consulter le site > http://mediatic.panos-ao.org et http://www.haayo.org > > Pour plus d'informations : http://www.panos-ao.org/spip.php? > article15055 > > > ---------------------------------------------------------------------- > ------ > "Flash" est un bulletin d’alerte rapide qui paraît, lorsque nécessaire > et au plus deux fois par mois. Il vous informe rapidement sur un sujet > nécessitant votre prompte réaction (événement, opportunité, nouvelle, > etc.). C'est une production du projet CIPACO de l'Institut Panos > Afrique > de l'Ouest. > > Envoyez-nous vos informations: Contact(a)cipaco.org > > Pour s’abonner, envoyez-nous un email ou aller sur : > http://www.cipaco.org/article.php3?id_article=15&lang= > Pour se désabonner, envoyez-nous un email ou aller sur > http://mailman.cipaco.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/newsletter > > > ---------------------------------------------------------------------- > ----- > "Flash" informs you on ICT policy issue(s) (event, opportunity, news, > etc) for which you need to take a prompt action; "Flash" is released > only when needed, and at most, twice a month. It is produced by the > CIPACO project of the Panos Institute West Africa (PIWA). > > Contact - To send us an event: contact(a)cipaco.org > > To subscribe, send us a email or go to: > http://www.cipaco.org/article.php3?id_article=15&lang=en > To unsubscribe, send us an email or go to > http://mailman.cipaco.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/newsletter > ---------------------------------------------------------------------- > ------ > > _______________________________________________ > Newsletter mailing list > Newsletter(a)cipaco.org > http://mailman.cipaco.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/newsletter > Eric M.K Osiakwan Executive Secretary AfrISPA (www.afrispa.org) Tel: + 233.21.258800 ext 2031 Fax: + 233.21.258811 Cell: + 233.244.386792 Handle: eosiakwan Snail Mail: Pmb 208, Accra-North Office: BusyInternet - 42 Ring Road Central, Accra-North Blog: http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/eric/ Slang: "Tomorrow Now"

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Re: [kictanet] Safaricom Effects Refund; is the Safaricom to Telkom SMS Link?
by John Walubengo 21 Sep '07

21 Sep '07

Alex from ur message below, Snip> "Dear Customer we (Safaricom?) curently have no SMS connection to Telkom. <snip Could someone confirm if there's interconnection between the two Operators at an SMS (texting) level. I would have thought interconnection between the two operators is much more important than refunding for failed messages... walu. --- Alex Gakuru <gakuru(a)gmail.com> wrote: > Dear All, > > Further to our earlier SMS conversation, I have received > an SMS > message from Safaricom that states as follows: - > ----- > "Dear Customer we curently have no SMS connection to > Telkom. > Any SMS via our network charged on submission. We now > refund the > charges on your SMS to Telkom" > > Sender: Safaricom > Date 21-September -2007 > Time 11:10:47 > --- > It would appear my remaining airtime balance increased > after that. > > Many thanks > _______________________________________________ > ke-internetusers mailing list > ke-internetusers(a)bdix.net > http://www.bdix.net/mailman/listinfo/ke-internetusers > ____________________________________________________________________________________ Pinpoint customers who are looking for what you sell. http://searchmarketing.yahoo.com/

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Not..Venting Data Vending
by Bill Kagai 21 Sep '07

21 Sep '07

Hi Alex, Actually, we are not venting but trying to be responsible for the changes we want. Despite all our efforts including the Government's in getting ICT related legislation in place, and none of that happening basically means that change of strategy is required. The MediaCorp Board of Directors will be sponsoring my candidature for the Westlands Parliamentary Seat on a KANU platform in 2012. The work nevertheless begins immediately to ensure that MPs who are coming for the 10th August House understand that we are just too behind in IT technology and its a shame to be talking legislation and optic fiber when in Asia, a fridge will send you an email alerting you milk is over and order for the same online. As part of being responsible for the changes we require, we need to identify ICT friendly MPs and make them see the seriousness of ICT...for the buck seems to stop in the honourable August House. See attached.... Good Day.. Bill On 9/19/07, Alex Gakuru <alex.gakuru(a)yahoo.com> wrote: > Hey Billy, M8 you look like you're really spilling > it;-) > > http://article.wn.com/view/2007/09/14/Data_Vending_Hit_By_Poor_Internet_Con… > > Have y'self a nice day. > > Alex > > > > _

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(no subject)
by John Kariuki 20 Sep '07

20 Sep '07

Please go ahead --------------------------------- Yahoo! Answers - Get better answers from someone who knows. Tryit now.

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Fwd: GJLOS on traffic offences
by Brian Longwe 19 Sep '07

19 Sep '07

Please pass on to all you know and stop these cops harassing people - especially at the roadblock just after Sigona Begin forwarded message: > Subject: FW: GJLOS on traffic offences > > This is a piece of paper that is handy to have in your car. Please > pass it > on. > > If you are stopped for a minor traffic offence in Kenya, please > follow the > following simple rules > > 1. Demand that the officer identify him/herself through an appointment > certificate OR trough the name and number normally pinned on their > uniform. > > 2. Equally always identify yourself by a driver's license or ID > document. > > 3. Please do not allow police officers to get into your car when > you have > been stopped for a minor traffic offence. (Your car is private > property > and technically the police require a search warrant to enter your > car, but > we are normally polite and allow them to look in the boot etc.) > > 4. If you are being charged with a minor traffic offence, the paper > work > can normally be done on the spot ! it's called a " bail bond" or > "police > bail ". You make a cash payment and get an official receipt (which > is also > a notice to appear in court on a future date). If it cannot be > issued on > the spot, insist that you follow a police car to the nearest police > station and then ensure that the bail bond is issued at the police > station. Please also note that all minor traffic offences in Kenya are > indeed eligible for "bail bond "or "police bail " - there is > absolutely no > justification for you to be locked up at a police station for minor > traffic offences (But this is a threat normally used to scare people) > > 5. Never allow a police officer to take the keys of your car from the > ignition ! This is illegal. > > 6. Be polite and non-confrontational at all times. > > Jacques Carstens > Chief Technical Coordinator > Programme Coordination Office > Governance, Justice, Law and Order Sector (GJLOS) Reform Programme > Ministry of Justice and Constitutional Affairs, Kenya > Cell: +254 (0)723919539 > Tel:+254-20-224029/55/82x116 or DL 215974 > E-mail: jcarstens(a)gjlos.co.ke http://www.gjlos.go.ke/ > 9th Floor, Room 908, Cooperative Bank House > > This email and any files transmitted with it are confidential and > intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to whom > they are addressed. If you have received this email in error please > notify the system manager. This message contains confidential > information and is intended only for the individual named. If you > are not the named addressee you should not disseminate, distribute > or copy this e-mail. > ______________________________________________________________________ > This email has been scanned by the MessageLabs Email Security System. > For more information please visit http://www.messagelabs.com/email > ______________________________________________________________________ > > > "Success is the maximum utilization of the ability that you have."- > Jomo Kenyatta

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[Fwd: please remove Eng Kariuki former address]
by alice 19 Sep '07

19 Sep '07

Dear all Someone stole Engineers Karuiki's e-mailbox and is using it to commit fraud. Eng. Kariuki is unable to access the box to close it. If any of you has received or receives this message, see below, from this address: jnkariuki(a)gmail.com be warned it is a fraudster using it. Take care of your passwords... best alice ---------------------------------------------------------- > *From:* John Kariuki [mailto:jnkariuki@gmail.com] > *Sent:* 18 September 2007 10:21 > *To:* undisclosed-recipients: > *Subject:* Please, I Need Your Help Urgently. > > How are you doing today? I am in a hurry writing you this message, i > don't have much time on the pc here, so i have to brief you my present > situation which requires your urgent response. Actually, I had a trip > to Nigeria for a program called "Empowering Youth to Fight Racism, > HIV/AIDS, Poverty and Lack of Education, the program is taking place > in three major countries in Africa which is Ghana, South Africa and > Nigeria. but unfortunately for me all my money got stolen at the hotel > where i lodged due to a robbery incident that happened in the hotel. I > had been so restless since last night, i have been without any money i > am even owing the hotel here as well, moreover the Hotel's telephone > lines here got disconnected by the robbers and they are trying to get > them fixed back. > I have access to only emails at the library because my mobile cant > work here so i didn't bring it along, please i want you to help me > with some money so that i can clear my bills and return back home. > please can you send me $3000 so i can return back i would refund it > back to you as soon as i get home, I am so confused right now and > don't know what to do, you can have it sent through Western Union but > My passport is with the Embassy here so not sure if i can use my name > to collect it now, But you can send it directly to a Man who works for > Western Union, he helps people in the hotel i lodge to get money from > their relatives and i would get it through him, I have already spoken > to him, so he will get it immediately it is sent but let me know if > you can help me then i will make findings. please let me hear from you > so i can collect his full name and address where you can send the > money to today please, Its really urgent for me as i don't know what > to do right now than to leave here soonest you send it to me and i > will pay you back immediately i get home. > > Thanks alot for your kindness. I will really appreciate your quick > response. > > > -- > Eng.J.N. Kariuki, > P.O.Box 72748, > NAIROBI 00200, KENYA > e-mail: jnkariuki(a)gmail.com <mailto:jnkariuki@gmail.com> >

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