- KICTANet - KICTANet

Fw: [Fibre-for-africa] Article from HANA
by alice＠apc.org 12 Jun '06

12 Jun '06

Submarine Fiber-optic Cable Connectivity in the Balance > > HANA, 30 May 2006. > > Efforts to complete the encircling of Africa by a modern submarine fiber > optic telecommunication could suffer a major blow if the parties involved > fail to reach an agreement in the near future. By: Alari Alare Kenneth > > starts/ > > Efforts to complete the encircling of Africa by a modern submarine fiber > optic telecommunication cable could suffer a major blow if the parties > involved fail to reach an agreement in the near future. > > Following the successful implementation of SAT-3/WASC/SAFE, providing > high > quality and high bandwidth telecommunications services to Western and > Southern Africa, and with Northern Africa served by a number of other > submarine cable systems, the next logical step is to provide the East > Coast of Africa with submarine fiber-optic cable connectivity. This will > complete the encircling of Africa by a modern submarine fiber optic > telecommunications network. > > However, this could be hampered by a few factors at play, one being that > the project is a joint initiative between governments and private telcos > including the incumbents in participating countries. > > EASSy is expected to establish an undersea cable system to connect the > region with the rest of the world. EASSy should be commercially viable to > provide the owners with opportunities to benefit directly from the > international traffic. > > It is anticipated that by the time fiber cable lands at the coastal city > of Mombasa in Kenya, a backhaul (local) transmission link will have been > laid to further link Uganda through Malaba. > > According Peter K Kenduiywo Telkom Kenya, linking the hinterland will > through the East Africa Digital Transmission System (EADTS) forming the > Kenya ? Uganda backhaul (local) transmission link. > > "The basic EADTS configuration is a SDH transmission system, from > Mombasa to Malaba through Nairobi with Spurs to major towns within the > country", he said. > >>From Mombasa, it will pass through towns including Voi, Mtito-Andei, > Nairobi, Longonot, Naivasha, Nakuru, Kericho, Timboroa, Eldoret, > Muhoroni, Kisumu, Bungoma and finally Malaba to link Uganda. > > However, the project's groundbreaking, which was scheduled for March > this year, is yet to take place with well-placed sources saying that the > slim financial base is casting dark clouds over the completion of the huge > project. > > The consortium has so far raised only US$ 110 million out of the > required US$ 290 to stay on schedule. This due to the fact that some of > the members in consortium are state owned incumbent telcos struggling to > stay afloat while others heavily depend on their cash strapped governments > for financing. > > The other issue posing a lot of challenge to the success of the project is > the model of ownership. While one group is pushing for open access on > grounds of affordability, another group is pushing for a closed model > arguing that the project should be operated fully as a commercial venture. > > While giving his views to Hana, Joseph Mucheru, the immediate former > chairman of the Telecommunications Service Providers of Kenya (TESPOK) > and > a director with the biggest Internet Service Provider in Kenya, Wananchi > Online told us that EASSy should be run like a business entity, "Am not > entirely sure about the whole definitions of Open or Closed access, > stakeholders better adopt an hybrid model. This is because I think profits > are important for the sustainability of any business/project and unless > this services will be provided for free it is important to ensure a > business model is adopted and not just a social model", said Mucheru. > > However, an industry player and a member of the WGIG (Working Group on > Internet Governance) ahead of last year's WSIS Waundo Siganga also the > chairman of the Computer of Kenya has shown his support for the Open > Access model, "EASSy should adopt an Open Access Model so that all > investors have equal opportunity and rights". He adds that the World Bank > should be involved as a debt financier to the project. > > Debate is currently raging as to whether EASSy should be built along an > Open Access model, or should be closely controlled by the operators and > investors that will inject funds in it. The view of the World Bank, which > is eager to provide loan financing to the cable system, is that EASSy will > deliver better value to users in Eastern and Southern Africa if it is > built and run along the Open Access model. > > The World Bank has said it wants the cable to be accessible to anybody who > is not an investor in EASSy, but in future wants to use the cable. It says > those operators should access the EASSy system at rates and terms > comparable to those at which investors in EASSy access it. > > Under the Open Access model, EASSy would be owned by a Special > Purpose > Vehicle (SPV), meaning a company that would sell bandwidth to whoever > wants to buy it. This SPV would not offer telecoms services as that would > place it an advantage compared to other users of the EASSy bandwidth. > > The MoU partners reject this argument. Instead, they propose that new > operators intending to benefit from the cable should invest in it too. > > At one point, Mucheru posed, "The World Bank involvement in what way. And > to serve what purpose, as a bank they can either give loans or grants, and > it is not clear to me what the funding mechanism the consortium has chosen > and therefore cannot answer this question." > > He adds: "EASSy should be a business like any other and be allowed to have > competitors. This is the only way to ensure the regions benefits and does > not support another monopoly model, it can be an expensive mistake". > > What about Nepads involvement; "Nepad should not be responsible for > developing a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) managing the financing > process. They should also not be involved in choosing board members for > the EASSy SPV", says Waundo who sat on the Working Group on Internet > Governance. > > A group of big telecommunication firms are pushing for the Sat 3 model > whose monopolist structure has not helped kept the cost of > telecommunication down in the west and southern African region. > > While the battle on the model continues, Kenya Data Network (KDN) who is > also one the consortium members is busy laying out fiber optic in Kenya > hoping that by the time EASSy lands in Mombasa, they would have > completed > the project that should see fiber optic link between the port of Mombasa > traversing through Kenya's hinterland all the way to Kenya Uganda border. > > Source: Highway Africa News Agency <http://hana.ru.ac.za/> (Free > subscription is required). > > > ------------------------------------------------------ > Anriette Esterhuysen, Executive Director > Association for Progressive Communications > anriette(a)apc.org > http://www.apc.org > PO Box 29755, Melville, South Africa. 2109 > Tel. 27 11 726 1692 > Fax 27 11 726 1692 > > _______________________________________________ > Fibre-for-africa mailing list > Fibre-for-africa(a)lists.apc.org > http://mailman-new.greennet.org.uk/mailman/listinfo/fibre-for-africa

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Fwd: CAN ICT HELP FIGHT HIV/AIDS AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE?
by constance georgina 12 Jun '06

12 Jun '06

Constance Georgina Khaendi Walyaro President-Citron Wood AP-Oxfam International Youth Parlaiment East Africa Region Focal Point-Global Youth Coalition on HIV/AIDS constance(a)youthaidscoalition.org Send instant messages to your online friends http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com

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Wananchi Appoints new CEO
by Alice Wanjira 12 Jun '06

12 Jun '06

Congratulations Mucheru, Njeri and all at Wananchi best alice ----- Original Message ----- From: "Joseph Mucheru" <mucheru(a)wananchi.com> To: <alice(a)apc.org> Sent: Friday, June 09, 2006 5:06 PM Subject: [Kictanet] Wananchi Appoints new CEO > > Wananchi Online has finally merged with ISP Kenya and The Board of > Directors reports the following changes to its structure as well as > changes to the management structure, as the company prepares for its > intended Initial Public Offering. > > Njeri Rionge steps down as CEO at the end of June 2006, but remains > on the Board of Directors. > > Mr. James Gachui remains the Chairman of the board, while Sandeep > Mangat and Hamish Govani join Njeri Rionge, Joseph Kamau and Subash > Handa as Directors on the board. There will be further changes to the > board as the Company continues to enhance its Corporate Governance > structures which will be announced in due course. > > Joseph Mucheru, the Strategy and Business Development Director and Co- > founder is now the acting CEO. He is also the current Chairman of the > Telecommunications Service Providers Association of Kenya (TESPOK) > and has been instrumental in providing strategic input in ICT policy > and regulations both at Wananchi Online and the Industry as a whole. > > Sandeep Mangat and Hamish Govani, who were executive Directors of ISP > Kenya, join Wananchi Online as the Corporate Sales Director and > Projects Director, respectively and both bring a wealth of industry > experience on Internet based communications for Corporates to > compliment the current retail solutions provided by Wananchi Online. > > Wananchi Online continues to enhance its Corporate brand, products > and services, business processes and continued innovative > technologies to deliver customer satisfaction to its clients. > > The Board of Directors > Wananchi Online Limited > > > -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > > -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > _______________________________________________ > kictanet mailing list > kictanet(a)kictanet.or.ke > http://kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet > > Please unsubscribe or change your options at http://kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/alice%40apc.org

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Invitation to a meeting to discuss the Kenya Information
by Alice Wanjira 11 Jun '06

11 Jun '06

(Apologies for cross posting) Dear Colleagues The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) invites you to a one-day workshop Meeting on Friday 16 June 2006 from 8:00 to 5:30 to discuss the Information Communication Bill 2006 at the Jacaranda Hotel, Gazebo Banda. The Ministry of Information and Communications finalized the ICT Policy Early this year and Cabinet approved it. Subsequently, KICTANet has Established a team to facilitate a comprehensive review of the draft ICT Bill to make substantial recommendations for those who will finalize it. The Key issues to be addressed include context, construction and implementation Of the bill. Your participation to this workshop will be highly appreciated and we look Forward to having you there. To RSVP please contact Judy Kimiti on Tel number 6751323 or Cell number 0722-716020, email jkimiti(a)email.kictanet.or.ke before 13th June 2006 Thank You Yours Sincerely, Judy Kimiti Events and logistics coordinator Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTAnet) Enclosed Agenda

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e-Govt security questions
by Wainaina Mungai 11 Jun '06

11 Jun '06

Great progress in eGovt. especially http://www.immigration.go.ke/kenyan_ppt.php...however, I came across the attached ppt detailing internet security issues and abuse of the eGovt facilities e.g. a politician's campaign website is on the govt servers ;-) etc Security will be a critical determant of the success of eGovt / Digitisation campaign. --- Wainaina Mungai http://www.madeinkenya.org SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. > -------Original Message------- >

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Re: [Kictanet] eGov in Action?
by Andrew Limo 11 Jun '06

11 Jun '06

Thanks Harry for the compliment. Making such services interactive is the next phase in the modernization of government service delivery channels in Kenya. Your feedback and suggestions from other users invaluably help us chart the way forward. Regards, Andrew e-Govt, Kenya Harry Harry <harry(a)aitecafrica.com> wrote: st1\:*{behavior:url(#default#ieooui) } Dear Colleagues, Today I was pleasantly surprised when from the conform of my home office, download a passport renewal application form from the department of Immigration website (http://www.immigration.go.ke/kenyan_ppt.php) . The Department has a fairly useful site that guides visitors on how to apply for various travel and immigration documents including Visas and Passes. My further request to for the site to enable visitors to actually fill the forms online! This would have saved me another KSh 3000 to courier the forms to Nairobi from Dar es Salaam. All the same, this is a good start. For that I would like to register my heartfelt congratulations to all those involved in this initiative. Harry -- No virus found in this outgoing message. Checked by AVG Free Edition. Version: 7.1.394 / Virus Database: 268.8.3/360 - Release Date: 6/9/2006 _______________________________________________ kictanet mailing list kictanet(a)kictanet.or.ke http://kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet Please unsubscribe or change your options at http://kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/andrew.limo%40yahoo.com __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com

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eGov in Action?
by Harry Harry 10 Jun '06

10 Jun '06

Dear Colleagues, Today I was pleasantly surprised when from the “conform” of my home office, download a passport renewal application form from the department of Immigration website (HYPERLINK "http://www.immigration.go.ke/kenyan_ppt.php"http://www.immigration.go.ke/ke nyan_ppt.php) . The Department has a fairly useful site that guides visitors on how to apply for various travel and immigration documents including Visas and Passes. My further request to for the site to enable visitors to actually fill the forms online! This would have saved me another KSh 3000 to courier the forms to Nairobi from Dar es Salaam. All the same, this is a good start. For that I would like to register my heartfelt congratulations to all those involved in this initiative. Harry -- No virus found in this outgoing message. Checked by AVG Free Edition. Version: 7.1.394 / Virus Database: 268.8.3/360 - Release Date: 6/9/2006

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US House rejects Net neutrality rules
by Wainaina Mungai 10 Jun '06

10 Jun '06

--- Wainaina Mungai http://www.madeinkenya.org SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. > -------Original Message------- > From: Maja Andjelkovic <mandjelkovic(a)iisd.ca> > Subject: [wsisyouth] US House rejects Net neutrality rules > Sent: 09 Jun '06 16:47 > > House rejects Net neutrality rules > By Declan McCullagh > Staff Writer, CNET News.com > > The U.S. House of Representatives definitively rejected the concept of > Net neutrality on Thursday, dealing a bitter blow to Internet companies > like Amazon.com, eBay and Google that had engaged in a last-minute > lobbying campaign to support it. > > By a 269-152 vote that fell largely along party lines, the House > Republican leadership mustered enough votes to reject a Democrat-backed > amendment that would have enshrined stiff Net neutrality regulations > into federal law and prevented broadband providers from treating some > Internet sites differently from others. > > http://news.com.com/2100-1028_3-6081882.html > >

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Wananchi Appoints new CEO
by Joseph Mucheru 09 Jun '06

09 Jun '06

Wananchi Online has finally merged with ISP Kenya and The Board of Directors reports the following changes to its structure as well as changes to the management structure, as the company prepares for its intended Initial Public Offering. Njeri Rionge steps down as CEO at the end of June 2006, but remains on the Board of Directors. Mr. James Gachui remains the Chairman of the board, while Sandeep Mangat and Hamish Govani join Njeri Rionge, Joseph Kamau and Subash Handa as Directors on the board. There will be further changes to the board as the Company continues to enhance its Corporate Governance structures which will be announced in due course. Joseph Mucheru, the Strategy and Business Development Director and Co- founder is now the acting CEO. He is also the current Chairman of the Telecommunications Service Providers Association of Kenya (TESPOK) and has been instrumental in providing strategic input in ICT policy and regulations both at Wananchi Online and the Industry as a whole. Sandeep Mangat and Hamish Govani, who were executive Directors of ISP Kenya, join Wananchi Online as the Corporate Sales Director and Projects Director, respectively and both bring a wealth of industry experience on Internet based communications for Corporates to compliment the current retail solutions provided by Wananchi Online. Wananchi Online continues to enhance its Corporate brand, products and services, business processes and continued innovative technologies to deliver customer satisfaction to its clients. The Board of Directors Wananchi Online Limited

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EASSY Declaration signed by Southern and Eastern Africa Ministers
by Alice Wanjira 09 Jun '06

09 Jun '06

>> EASSY Declaration signed by Southern and Eastern Africa Ministers >> By Chris Kabwato, Highway Africa News Agency >> >> Johannesburg, 7 June 2006. Government ministers from Southern and >> Eastern Africa have signed a declaration on the East Africa >> Submarine System Project known as Eassy. The declaration signed in >> Johannesburg yesterday commits fifteen countries to this project >> which is expected to see the construction of infrastructure to >> ensure cheap broadband access for countries on the eastern side of >> Africa (from Mozambique to Sudan) . The construction of the >> undersea cable is expected to be completed by the first quarter of >> 2008 according to one of the signatories, Kenyan Deputy Minister >> David Were. >> >> At a press conference chaired by Lesothos Minister of >> Communications, Science and Technology, Thomas Thabane, it was >> announced that the ministers had agreed on major areas around the >> implementation of the Eassy project. The represented countries >> were Botswana, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, >> Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, Somali Republic, South Africa, >> Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. In a major departure from >> the precedence of the SAFE/SAT-3 which is led by national >> telecommunication companies and is a closed club, the NEPAD e- >> Africa Commission will take the lead in the development of the >> necessary protocol and in the coordination of the project. >> >> The major highlights of the declaration are that it proclaims an >> open access model (meaning anyone can join in as an investor in >> the project); it commits countries to developing and signing a >> protocol on the policy and regulatory framework for the Eassy >> project. In a related development the summit also selected Rwanda >> as the host of the Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV). >> >> Ivy Matsepe-Casaburri, South Africas Minister of Communications, >> said the open access model was critical to ensure a level playing >> field and equal access. She commended the signing of the >> declaration calling the second successful project of the e-Africa >> Commission after e-schools project. >> >> Kenyan Deputy Minister of Communications, David Were, said that >> prior to the meeting he had expected fireworks. He blamed the >> media for having created a picture of disharmony between South >> Africa and Kenya. >> >> In response to media questions on the open access model, Dr. Henry >> Chasia, Executive Deputy Chairman of the NEPAD e-Africa >> Commission, stated that all parties that wished to participate in >> the Eassy project would have to be guided by the declaration. His >> statement was in reference to the current situation with the >> monopolistic model of SAT-3 - the satellite and submarine cable >> system serving the western parts of Africa. >> >> The Eassy project is expected to cost 300 million United States >> dollars excluding additional costs of in-country infrastructure. >> According to Casaburri ninety percent of the funding for the >> project will be raised from within the continent with a debt and >> equity portion. It is understood that the World Bank has offered >> 170 million USD towards the project. >> >> The protocol on the regulatory frameworks is scheduled to be >> signed heads of states of participating countries in August this >> year. >> >> ENDS. >> >> >> Highlights of the Eassy Declaration by the 15 Southern and Eastern >> Africa government ministers who met in Johannesburg on 5-6 June 2006: >> >> 1.Resolve to contribute to the harmonious, balanced, equitable and >> sustainable development of our countries by facilitating the >> speedy construction of the regional backbone ICT infrastructure >> network and to facilitate the formation of an entity and/or >> entities to own, maintain and operate the said infrastructure on >> Open Access Principles and generally to achieve the objectives and >> principles set forth in this Declaration; >> >> 2.Note, recognise and appreciate the work that has already been >> carried out to realise the objectives and principles set forth in >> the Preamble, and in particular, to construct the NEPAD ICT >> Broadband Infrastructure Network for Eastern and Southern Africa, >> including the Eassy cable, and to this end direct the NEPAD e- >> Africa Commission, in collaboration with regional economic >> communities (SADC, COMESA, IGAD, EAC), regional regulatory >> associations and the Join Steering Committee to fast track the >> process. >> >> 3.Commit ourselves to take such actions, within our respective >> countries as are necessary to ensure an early approval by our >> Governments of a Protocol on Policy and Regulatory Framework for >> NEPAD ICT Broadband Infrastructure Network for eastern and >> Southern Africa and to arrange for the earliest possible signature >> and ratification of the Protocol as may be applicable. >> >> 4.Affirm our intention to ensure that existing policy and >> regulatory frameworks within our respective countries are >> progressively adopted over time facilitate the realisation of the >> objectives of the proposed Protocol. >> >> (source: www.eafricacommission.org) >> >> Dgroups is a joint initiative of Bellanet, DFID, Hivos, ICA, ICCO, IICD, OneWorld, UNAIDS and World Bank >> --- You are currently subscribed to africtic as: eric(a)afrispa.org >> To unsubscribe send a blank email to leave- >> africtic-610699O(a)dgroups.org > > Eric M.K Osiakwan > Executive Secretary > AfrISPA (www.afrispa.org) > Tel: + 233.21.258800 > Fax: + 233.21.258811 > Cell: + 233.244.386792 > Handle: eosiakwan > Snail Mail: Pmb 208, Accra-North > Office: BusyInternet - 42 Ring Road Central, Accra-North > Blog: http://afrispa.skybuilders.com/users/Eric/blog.html > Slang: "Tomorrow Now" > > > > Eric M.K Osiakwan Executive Secretary AfrISPA (www.afrispa.org) Tel: + 233.21.258800 Fax: + 233.21.258811 Cell: + 233.244.386792 Handle: eosiakwan Snail Mail: Pmb 208, Accra-North Office: BusyInternet - 42 Ring Road Central, Accra-North Blog: http://afrispa.skybuilders.com/users/Eric/blog.html Slang: "Tomorrow Now"

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Re: [Kictanet] Possible Software Raid!!
by Wainaina Mungai 02 Jun '06

02 Jun '06

Hi Bill, I do not know if they can rightfully raid premises, but I actually see the BSA move as a positive step in promoting Free and Open Source software solutions. As Dorcas says, the IP owners can legally seek to enforce their rights and since their business model is not sustainable in this market, we simply need to make consumers aware of the alternative solutions. By enforcing their IP rights, BSA members are doing the leg-work for you and creating a ripe opensource market ;-) Rgds, --- Wainaina Mungai http://www.madeinkenya.org SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. > -------Original Message------- > From: Dorcas Muthoni <dmuthoni(a)kenet.or.ke> > Subject: Re: [Kictanet] Possible Software Raid!! > Sent: 02 Jun '06 11:07 > > Hi Bill, > > Well, BSA (http://www.bsa.org/) is a powerful organisation that has been > around and active for a longtime. However, may be their operations have > not been active in Kenya but i think time has come. > > It is perfectly okey for owners of IP licenced under a proprietary > license to appoint "policemen/investigators" to find out who is > infringing on their rights. I overhead last year that the master > software supplier was training our utumishi kwa wote friends on this area. > > But like you and me know, there are alternatives of accessing software > which should be encouraged. > > Free and Open Source Software is the way to go. > > Thanks, > Muthoni > > Bill Kagai wrote: > > > Reference is made to the notices placed in the local dailies on > > June1st 2006 by the Business Software Alliance (BSA) through Iseme, > > Kamau and Maema Advocates. > > > > The Business Software Alliance has taken the liberty to take an > > inventory (in all Kenyan Companies/Organisations) of all the software > > currently installed in the organisations. They further put a caveat > > indicating that failure to comply with the notice can lead to an > > investigation and possible legal action against companies using > > unlicensed or pirated software. > > > > Our company (Circuits & Packets Comunications Ltd) and possibly other > > local companies ARE NOT members of BSA though we have installed > > software in various companies and organisations in Kenya. We also make > > use of Open Source / Linux software that does not require licensing > > and neither is it pirated. > > > > We therefore wish to find out from the ICT fraternity whether: > > > > 1. This advertisement and the threat of failure to comply is legal. > > 2. If software belonging to the companies that are not members of BSA > > should be included in the inventory. > > 3. If BSA whose office contact is given as Iseme, Kamau and Maema > > Advocates has the legal and moral authority to raid companies with a > > lead time of two weeks before the notice expires. > > 4. If Kictanet and other organisations protecting consumer issues can > > directly intervene in this regard before it is too late. > > > > _______________________________________________ > kictanet mailing list > kictanet(a)kictanet.or.ke > http://kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet > > Please unsubscribe or change your options at http://kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/wainaina%40madeinkenya.org

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Fw: [Afr-ictpol-adv] Victory! FastLane wins right to compete against Jambonet
by alice＠apc.org 02 Jun '06

02 Jun '06

> Dear all, > > The ISP industry in Kenya is in elation at the successful appeal against > CCK's decision not to grant FastLane a license to compete against Telkom > Kenya's Jambonet. > > In a landmark ruling which will probably shape the future of Kenya and the > wider region's communications industries, the Communications Appeals > Tribunal directed that FastLane be issued the license immediately. > > The most important aspect of the ruling was not the granting of the > license > - but rather the fact that the Tribunal stated clearly that CCK as a > Commission was to ignore any policy guidelines of a specific nature coming > from the Ministry as the Act was clear that CCK was to give "due regard to > policy guidelines of a general nature". > > This means that CCK's independence as a regulator has been re-emphasised > and > underlined. > > Here is the story from the East African Standard. > > We will be posting the ruling in it's entirety on the FastLane website in > the course of the day. > > Regards, > > Brian longwe > ISPKenya/FastLane > > > > ------------------------------------------ > (From East African Standard) > Jambonet rival wins appeal > By Athman Amran > > Communications Appeals Tribunal yesterday struck down a decision by the > Communications Commission of Kenya to deny a second independent Internet > service provider (ISP) an operating license. > > Tribunal chairman Justice (Rtd) Majid Cockar consequently ruled that Fast > Lane Limited be granted a licence to compete with Telkom Kenya's Jumbonet. > > Cockar made the ruling public at Telcom House, Nairobi in the company of > two > members of the tribunal Dr. Meoli Kashorda and Jotham Amisi. Fast Lane, > which is a conglomerate of seven ISPs, appealed to the tribunal after CCK > denied it a licence claiming that Internet Backbone Service provision was > subject to an exclusivity clause granted to TelKom Kenya .The company > first > applied for a licence to operate an Internet backbone service on December > 12, 2002. > > On February 11, 2003 ,Fast Lane submitted its business plan and technical > description to enable CCK to process the application. But on March 4, 2004 > CCK wrote to the firm communicating its decision to reject the > application. > > In its appeal Fast Lane, through lawyer Daniel McVicker, argued that the > decision of CCK to grant an exclusive license to TelKom Kenya for the > provision of Internet backbone services was without legal foundation and > in > breach of the Telecommunications Act. The appellant argued that there was > no > express provision in the Act for the granting of an exclusive licence to > Telkom.The lawyer also argued that the said policy was an adoption of the > statement of policy guidelines issued by the Minister for Transport and > Communication. > > The commission on its part argued that granting of monopoly was not > prohibited by any provision of the Act. > > In his judgment Cockar said the proper course for the CCK would have been > to > consider the exclusivity clause inserted in the approved market structure > as > ultra vires to the Act and proceeded to use its discretion within the > parameters of the policy guidelines. "There are other legal ways of > keeping > national interest in the fore-front without in the process breaching the > mandatory provisions of the Act," Cockar said. > > > > > -- > Brian Longwe > CellFon: +254 733 518744 > "Difficult to see. Always in motion is the future." Yoda > >

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FW: [swopnet] East Africa-Research Methodology & Proposal Writing Workshop - Closing Date: 11 June 2006
by Harry Harry 02 Jun '06

02 Jun '06

FYI -----Original Message----- From: Andrew C. Kajeguka [mailto:[email protected]] Sent: Thursday, June 01, 2006 4:01 PM To: Sharing With Other People Network Subject: [swopnet] East Africa-Research Methodology & Proposal Writing Workshop - Closing Date: 11 June 2006 Dear colleagues, This is to inform you that National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR) through the project called Malaria Research Coordination and Promotion through MIM (MALCOPROMIM) is organizing its 2nd scientific workshop on Research Methodology/Proposal writing to be held on 19-30 June 2006 in Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania. The workshop aims at bringing together young talented East African scientists working in HIV/AIDS or malaria fields to undergo intensive 12 days workshop. The workshop will use hands on methods to enable each selected participant to use Health Information Systems skills to develop fundable proposal on important Malaria or HIV/AIDS research topic. Full sponsorship will be provided to selected but limited number of participants. We recommend applications should be sent by Email to malcopromim(a)nimr.or.tz Please refer to NIMR website: www.nimr.or.tz for more details about the workshop and how to send the application. All applications must be received by June 11th 2006 Please circualte this email to East African young scientists working in Malaria or HIV/AIDS fields. For Secretariat, MALCOPROMIM Project, National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR) P.O. Box 9653, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Tel: +255 22 2121400 Fax: +255 22 2121360 Email: malcopromim(a)nimr.or.tz -- No virus found in this incoming message. Checked by AVG Free Edition. Version: 7.1.394 / Virus Database: 268.7.3/350 - Release Date: 5/28/2006 -- No virus found in this outgoing message. Checked by AVG Free Edition. Version: 7.1.394 / Virus Database: 268.7.3/350 - Release Date: 5/28/2006

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Possible Software Raid!!
by Bill Kagai 02 Jun '06

02 Jun '06

Reference is made to the notices placed in the local dailies on June1st 2006 by the Business Software Alliance (BSA) through Iseme, Kamau and Maema Advocates. The Business Software Alliance has taken the liberty to take an inventory (in all Kenyan Companies/Organisations) of all the software currently installed in the organisations. They further put a caveat indicating that failure to comply with the notice can lead to an investigation and possible legal action against companies using unlicensed or pirated software. Our company (Circuits & Packets Comunications Ltd) and possibly other local companies ARE NOT members of BSA though we have installed software in various companies and organisations in Kenya. We also make use of Open Source / Linux software that does not require licensing and neither is it pirated. We therefore wish to find out from the ICT fraternity whether: 1. This advertisement and the threat of failure to comply is legal. 2. If software belonging to the companies that are not members of BSA should be included in the inventory. 3. If BSA whose office contact is given as Iseme, Kamau and Maema Advocates has the legal and moral authority to raid companies with a lead time of two weeks before the notice expires. 4. If Kictanet and other organisations protecting consumer issues can directly intervene in this regard before it is too late. -- -- With Kind Regards, Bildad Kagai MD - Circuits & Packets Communications Ltd Content & Training Partner - JKUAT E-Government Academy Suite B2, Tetu Apartments, State House Avenue P. O. Box 20311 - 00200 Nairobi, Kenya Tel. 254 20 2728332 Fax. 254 20 2726965 Cell. 254 722 379409 URL. www.circuitspackets.co.ke URL. egov.jkuat.ac.ke

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About the Business Software Alliance (BSA)
by Bill Kagai 02 Jun '06

02 Jun '06

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_Software_Alliance Overview Robert Holleyman is its current president and CEO, the BSA employs a team of over 100 lawyers and investigators, which it uses to prosecute "thousands of cases a year" in conjunction with local law enforcement. The majority of these cases are reported to BSA either through one of its 65 piracy telephone hotlines, or through online report forms. After receiving a tip, BSA then sends the companies a note with an implicit threat of a forthcoming software licensing audit. If the BSA finds cases of software piracy, it assesses heavy monetary penalties. Some companies have switched to free software after having to pay such large fines (see [1], paragraph 7). BSA has not been reported to support Free Software Foundation or other free software groups in their actions of copyright enforcement. They do support software patents. [edit] Critique BSA has been heavily criticised for its aggressive tactics in forcing small businesses to allow BSA members onto their premises for audits, and for its presumption of guilt until an audit proves one innocent. It is also worthy of note that BSA is an organization founded in the USA, and is currently without official status in most European countries. They're also well known for lobbying for ENISA, the European Network and Information Security Agency, a suggested network security establishment that would operate within EU. See [2] and [3]. According to a Mother Jones (magazine) article[4], the BSA discovered in 1995 that Antel, the Uruguayan national telephone company, had pirated $100,000 worth of Microsoft, Novell, and Symantec software. The BSA's lawyers in Uruguay quickly filed suit, but dropped the suit in 1997 when Antel signed a "special agreement" with Microsoft to replace all of its software with Microsoft products. This has led to accusations that the BSA is a front for Microsoft, with its other members being enlisted purely to disguise Microsoft's dominant role. -- -- With Kind Regards, Bildad Kagai MD - Circuits & Packets Communications Ltd Content & Training Partner - JKUAT E-Government Academy Suite B2, Tetu Apartments, State House Avenue P. O. Box 20311 - 00200 Nairobi, Kenya Tel. 254 20 2728332 Fax. 254 20 2726965 Cell. 254 722 379409 URL. www.circuitspackets.co.ke URL. egov.jkuat.ac.ke

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new subscription
by Andrew Limo 02 Jun '06

02 Jun '06

Kindly bring Judith Sembelle of IT department Agricultural Development Corporation on the discussion forum. sembelle(a)yahoo.co.uk --------------------------------- Be a chatter box. Enjoy free PC-to-PC calls with Yahoo! Messenger with Voice.

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Job opening at APC: Strategic Uses and Capacity Building Programme Manager
by alice＠apc.org 31 May '06

31 May '06

APC is seeking a manager for our Strategic Use and Capacity Building Programme (SU&CB) and its projects. The SU&CB manager will have excellent people and project management skills, experience of working in networks, managing relationships and partnerships and a sophisticated understanding of the concept of strategic use of technology as it applies to development and social justice. - APC http://www.apc.org/english/news/index.shtml?x=5038227

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Fw: Who's a journalist? Now we know, thanks to Apple > (A US perspective)
by alice＠apc.org 31 May '06

31 May '06

Who's a journalist? Now we know, thanks to Apple > by Charles Cooper , Executive editor, CNET News.com | Published: > 5/26/06 > > CNET News.com's Charles Cooper says the court decision officially levels > the > field between mainstream media and bloggers. > > =========== > > The emergence of technology that allowed personal publishing on the > Internet > also triggered a tiring debate over who should be considered a journalist. > Thanks to Apple Computer, there's finally a clear legal answer. > > And it's the right answer. If you can post information on a Web site, > you're > entitled to the same legal protections the law extends to the mainstream > media. > > Legal scholars will surely have a lot more to say about the California > Appeals > Court ruling (click here for PDF) rejecting Apple's bid to force an > enthusiast > Web site to turn over its records. But the most important precedent for me > was > the court's treatment of the "who is a journalist question." > > Apple had sought to identify the source of a leak on an unannounced > product. > More than any other outfit in Silicon Valley, this company is run by > control > freaks prone to throwing tantrums when reporters land scoops. But when the > information wound up published on a couple of Apple enthusiast sites, > management > ordered up the heavy artillery. > Journalists--including everyone from the ink-stained wretches to the > bloggers--can rest just a bit easier today. > > Apple lawyers contended that posting information on the Web should not > automatically confer the vaunted title of journalist since these folks > "are not > members of any professional community governed by ethical and professional > standards" (like those of Jayson Blair, Janet Cook, Stephen Glass and Jack > Kelley, I wonder? But let's not digress). > > It was a legal Hail Mary, and it very nearly worked. In his ruling last > March, > Santa Clara County Superior Court Judge James P. Kleinberg danced around > the > question of whether Web site publishers should be afforded protection > under the > state's shield law. He also said that Apple's interests in protecting its > trade > secrets outweighed the public interest in the information under > consideration. > Had it held up, that screwball view of the world would have been a blow to > aggressive reporting. > > Apple claimed the public has no right to know a company's trade secrets. > But the > appellate court said any claim of legal protection for commercial secrets > was > trumped by the greater good served by the free and open disclosure of > ideas and > information. > > "As recent history illustrates, business entities may adopt secret > practices > that threaten not only their own survival and the investments of their > shareholders but the welfare of a whole industry, sector or community. > Labeling > such matters 'confidential' and 'proprietary' cannot drain them of > compelling > public interest," the court said. > > Best of all, the appellate court dispatched Apple's "dismissive" (the > court's > description, not mine) characterization of the tech industry gossip sites > in > question with a flick of its judicial wrist. Further, it determined that > there > was no reason to distinguish between these folks and the sundry > "reporters, > editors and publishers who provide news to the public through traditional > print > and broadcast media." > > Future courts reading this decision may be more careful before declaring > what > information is worthy of publication and what information is not. Whether > this > puts a final coda on this affair is anyone's guess. The company has bigger > fish > to fry, but corporate paranoia is a tough trait to break. Even if Apple's > lawyers do give it another try, however, journalists--including everyone > from > the ink-stained wretches to the bloggers--can rest just a bit easier > today. > > Sometimes the courts don't get it right. Today they did. > > > > ======================================= > APC Forum is a meeting place for the APC community - people and > institutions who are or have been involved in collaboration with > APC, and share the APC vision - a world in which all people have easy, > equal and affordable access to the creative potential of information and > communication technologies (ICTs) to improve their lives and create more > democratic and egalitarian societies. > > _______________________________________________ > apc.forum mailing list > apc.forum(a)lists.apc.org > http://lists.apc.org/mailman/listinfo/apc.forum

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Autoreply: [Kictanet] Fw: [Afr-ictpol-adv] Victory! FastLane wins right to compete against Jambonet
by VNgugi＠idrc.or.ke 30 May '06

30 May '06

Hi, I shall be away from the office from 29th May to 2nd June 2006. I shall attend to your messages when I return. Vivianne

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Fw: [Catia_team] FW: Consumer report
by alice＠apc.org 25 May '06

25 May '06

FYI ----- Original Message ----- From: "Claire Sibthorpe" <claire(a)catia.ws> To: "Lists: Catia_team" <Catia_team(a)catia.ws> Sent: Thursday, May 25, 2006 7:30 PM Subject: [Catia_team] FW: Consumer report >A report from Balancing Act (funded by IDRC) on consumer activity in the > Internet and telecoms sector which may be of interest: > > http://www.afridigital.net/downloads/IDRCconsumerdftV2.doc > > Claire > > > > _______________________________________________ > Catia_team mailing list > Catia_team(a)catia.ws > http://catia.eyecon.co.za/mailman/listinfo/catia_team

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News from IGF mtg in Geneva: CALL 4 PAPERS
by Wainaina Mungai 25 May '06

25 May '06

FYI: ------ Message transféré De : Robin Gross <robin(a)ipjustice.org> Société : IP Justice Répondre à : <plenary(a)wsis-cs.org> Date : Thu, 25 May 2006 03:20:43 -0700 Friends, Some news from the IGF Advisory Group meeting in Geneva: The 30 Oct. - 2 Nov. 2006 inaugural meeting of Internet Governance Forum (IGF) in Athens will have a lot of opportunities for discussions on a wide variety of Internet governance topics. This is my call for participation from civil society for contributions to help shape this meeting in a positive way. The four main themes for the Athens meeting are: * 1. OPENNESS* - Free flow of information, ideas, and access to knowledge * 2. SECURITY* - Building trust online - Protecting users from spam, phishing, viruses - Maintain security while protecting privacy * 3. DIVERSITY* - Multilingualism including IDN and promoting local content - Respecting geographical diversity * 4. ACCESS* - Internet connectivity, policies and costs The agenda and schedule is shaping-up as follows: http://www.intgovforum.org/table.htm A call for papers has been issued on these 4 main themes and I'd like to encourage people to make submissions. *THE PLENARY SESSIONS AND WORKSHOPS AT THE ATHENS MEETING WILL BE BASED ON THE CONTENT OF THESE SUBMISSIONS. * So, please, contribute to this process and help to shape this meeting in a positive way by submitting papers to the IGF. The deadline is 15 July 2006 for your submission to influence how the event is programmed. Here are the details: http://www.intgovforum.org/athens_outline.htm Additionally, there are two over-arching themes that should be taken in consideration in each issue that the IGF discusses: (i) development / capacity building, and (ii) civil liberties / human rights. I would suggest contributions on some possible (in no way exhaustive) sub-issues within these 4 main themes of openness, security, diversity, and access: 1. OPENNESS: - Freedom of expression rights - Free flow of information - Access to knowledge - Impact of intellectual property rights to free expression and free flow of info - Promotion of accessible public domain - Government censorship on Internet - Corporate censorship on Internet - Impact of technological protection measures and anti-circumvention laws on free flow of information - Impact of software patents on freedom of expression 2. SECURITY - building trust online, protecting users from spam, phishing, viruses, maintain security while protecting privacy: - Civil liberties concerns from government surveillance programs - Privacy rights and consumer trust of Internet - Role of free and open source software in promoting information security - Impact on freedom of expression from spam and content filtering - Publication of WHOIS database on Internet and privacy and consumer trust 3. DIVERSITY - multilinguism through IDN, local content, and geographical diversity: - Ability of ICANN to meet needs of international Internet community - Role of Creative Commons licenses to promote local content - Ability of non-proprietary development and licensing schemes to meet local needs 4. ACCESS - Internet connectivity, policies and costs: - Open standards - Interoperability of technology - Role of free and open source software to provide access I hope you will consider making a contribution to this dialogue. Please let me know if you have any questions. Be sure to check out the IGF website for many more details: http://www.intgovforum.org/index.htm Thank you, Robin _______________________________________________ Plenary mailing list Plenary(a)wsis-cs.org http://mailman.greennet.org.uk/mailman/listinfo/plenary --- Wainaina Mungai http://www.madeinkenya.org SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

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President Directs for a Digitization Campaign
by Bill Kagai 25 May '06

25 May '06

Source - http://www.statehousekenya.go.ke/ SPEECH BY HIS EXCELLENCY HON. MWAI KIBAKI, C.G.H., M.P., PRESIDENT AND COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA DURING THE OFFICIAL OPENING OF THE SAFARICOM HOUSE AT SAFARICOM HOUSE, WESTLANDS, NAIROBI ON 24TH MAY, 2006 Ladies and Gentlemen, I am delighted to join you on this occasion of the official opening of Safaricom House, the new home to one of Kenya's largest corporate organizations. I take this opportunity to commend the Board of Directors and staff of Safaricom Limited for the exemplary manner in which they have managed the company. Today, Safaricom is one of the largest mobile phone services company in the region. Apart from directly employing about 900 people, Safaricom indirectly employs thousands of Kenyans in related fields, ranging from mobile phone support services to mobile phone stalls and calling booths across the country. Moreover, the company is now one of the leading taxpayers in the country, and attained the second position in the ranking of distinguished taxpayers in the last financial year. Ladies and Gentlemen, As you are aware, access to knowledge, information and communication is crucial to the development of any country today. By enabling people to communicate and interact, despite large physical distances, mobile communication has brought important changes in work practices and lifestyles. Indeed, investment in Information and Communication Technology infrastructure and development of appropriate human skills is key to ensuring the competitiveness of our country in the unfolding global digital society. It is for this reason that my Government created the Ministry of Information and Communications. This ministry is charged with the responsibility of managing two inter-related sub-sectors namely, Information and Broadcasting, and Information and Communication Technology. These sub-sectors are crucial catalysts to the growth of other sectors of the economy and are therefore expected to contribute immensely to economic recovery and wealth creation. The Government, through the Ministry of Information and Communications, is undertaking a wide range of measures aimed at developing the ICT sector in the country. These measures include, the liberalization of the information and communication sector, that has opened the way for numerous players to compete in providing services to wananchi. We are also carrying out human resource development for industry and investment in the necessary infrastructure such as the Very Small Aperture Technology. We are encouraging the growth of ICT because of its enormous potential to absorb our young people into gainful employment. Today, Information and Communication Technology is one of the fastest growing sectors in Kenya. The sector is providing investment and employment opportunities to a large number of Kenyans and consequently contributing to our national objective of poverty reduction. Mobile telephony has grown remarkably, with the number of mobile telephone lines increasing from 15,000 six years ago to the current 5.5 million. A few years ago, access to telephone services was a major problem for many Kenyans who had to walk long distances to the nearest public phone. With mobile telephony spreading to the rural areas, more Kenyans are benefiting from the rapid growth of mobile phone services taking place in our country. Today, many Kenyans are able to communicate easily and carry out their economic activities more effectively. Truly, the convergence in telecommunications is rapidly transforming our society into an information and communication society. It is encouraging to note that this growth has provided a reliable form of communication to rural communities thereby enabling our farmers to find markets for their produce. The mobile phone is today no longer a status symbol of the urban elite, but a vital tool of modern day communication. In spite of this progress, however, there is still room for continued growth and expansion of the ICT sector in the country. My government is putting in place an enabling environment to ensure expansion of the sector, which is expected to stimulate further economic growth. Indeed, the aim of my government is to create a modern and efficient telecommunications infrastructure in order to position Kenya as a hub of industrial, commercial, financial and ICT services in the region. To achieve this objective, we target to improve tele-density in rural and urban areas. We should expand our mobile telephone penetration from the current 18 percent of our population to 32 percent. Plans are also underway to expand the Internet bandwidth, to increase speeds in data processing and data transfer. Measures are also in place to implement a rural telecommunications programme that will cover all districts in the country in order to bring services closer to the people. We have achieved substantial progress in liberalizing the telecommunications industry. What Kenyans now expect is to reap the full benefits of these achievements in terms of cheaper telephone services and increased access. Indeed, while opening the outsourcing strategy conference in February this year, I announced the removal of duty on all computers and computer accessories as we continue our efforts of making Kenya a regional service centre. We must now move more boldly towards achieving the goal of making Kenya a leading technology centre. In this regard, I am directing the Ministry of Information and Communication and other related ministries to start a digitization campaign. The campaign should focus its strategies on how to reduce transaction costs, enhance local content and create employment opportunities for our youth. In addition, the Government will continue carrying out reforms in the sector, including restructuring of critical departments and parastatals. As part of this commitment, and as I announced three months ago, the Government has approved the restructuring of Telkom Kenya. Under this arrangement, 9 percent of Telkom's shareholding in Safaricom will be sold to finance the restructuring programme. The sale of Telkom shares through an Initial Public Offering is expected to be concluded by April 2007. In addition to this, the expansion and modernization of telecommunications services is on-going with the laying of a fiber optic network between Nairobi and Mombasa. I am also optimistic that both the government and private sector will find a way to fast track the laying of the undersea fibre optic cable. This project is crucial in order to further reduce the cost of connectivity in this country and the region. It will also enable us compete effectively as a regional telecommunications hub. I appeal to all parties involved in this project to resolve any outstanding issues speedily and to begin implementation of the project which will herald a new dawn in the area of telecommunications in our region. I also encourage investors to join hands with the Government in developing the ICT sector throughout the country. Indeed, there is vast investment potential in ICT, especially in the rural areas where tele-density remains unacceptably low. Investors should view the existing untapped potential as an investment and business opportunity, which should be fully exploited. I encourage mobile phone operators to deploy new technologies in rural areas in order to increase accessibility to internet. In particular, wireless broadband has both the potential and capability of providing communications connectivity to schools, government offices at the district and divisional levels, as well as offices for other rural-based organizations. As I conclude my remarks, I wish to commend the Safaricom Foundation, for it's support to a wide range of projects in health, education, culture, sports and the environment. I encourage you to continue ploughing back some of your profits into worthwhile social causes. With these remarks, ladies and gentlemen, it is now my pleasure to declare Safaricom House officially open. Thank you and God bless you. -- -- With Kind Regards, Bildad Kagai MD - Circuits & Packets Communications Ltd Content & Training Partner - JKUAT E-Government Academy Suite B2, Tetu Apartments, State House Avenue P. O. Box 20311 - 00200 Nairobi, Kenya Tel. 254 20 2728332 Fax. 254 20 2726965 Cell. 254 722 379409 URL. www.circuitspackets.co.ke URL. egov.jkuat.ac.ke

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Microsoft tries pay-as-you-go approach for Windows PCs
by Dorcas Muthoni 24 May '06

24 May '06

'While Microsoft's Windows operating system and software is popular worldwide, its relatively high price puts it out of the financial reach of many in the developing world. As a result, pirated copies of Windows and Office are endemic in some parts of the world, with the percentage of PCs running pirated software approaching 90 percent in some countries. Microsoft is trying a novel approach to deal with the problem of affordability: a pay-as-you-go model. Dubbed FlexGo, the plan operates much like a prepaid cellular phone. Consumers buy a FlexGo computer running Windows XP Home at a reduced price from a retailer, along with some prepaid access cards. Under the FlexGo model, usage is timed. As PC usage reaches a predefined limit, the computer goes into a limited-access state until more time is added. Users can add more time by purchasing scratch-off prepaid cards and entering the numeric code contained on the card onto the PC. The process repeats until the PC's owner has purchased a predefined amount of time on the PC. Once that occurs, all usage restrictions are lifted as the user now owns the PC outright. Microsoft has conducted a trial of the model in Brazil over the past year. FlexGo PCs were sold through the popular Brazilian retailer Magazine Luiza; all users needed to get one was a small down payment. The program proved to be very popular with Brazilian consumers, and Magazine Luiza reported that sales more than doubled. Of those who bought PCs using Microsoft's pay-as-you-go model, 31 percent said that they would not have purchased them had the FlexGo option not been possible. Because of the initiative's success in Brazil, FlexGo will be rolled out in Mexico, India, China, and Russia in upcoming months.' http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20060522-6881.html 'Technically, FlexGo requires a PC that can measure its operating hours and contains mechanisms to block further operation after the time paid for has been used up. In this blocked operating mode, customers will only be able to purchase additional time from the provider. Microsoft is also providing software tools to measure and manage the operating hours.' http://www.heise.de/english/newsticker/news/73411

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Apologies for Spam!
by alice＠apc.org 23 May '06

23 May '06

Dear List members, We would like to apologise for the recent barrage of Spam on this mailing list. The problem has not been fixed. Apologies for any inconveniences caused. best regards alice

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Re: Apologies for Spam!
by alice＠apc.org 23 May '06

23 May '06

Dear all Please forgive the typo....The problem has been fixed and apologies once more for inconveniences caused. alice ----- Original Message ----- From: <alice(a)apc.org> To: "Kenya ICT Policy - kictanet" <kictanet(a)kictanet.or.ke> Sent: Tuesday, May 23, 2006 9:29 PM Subject: Apologies for Spam! > Dear List members, > > We would like to apologise for the recent barrage of Spam on this mailing > list. > The problem has not been fixed. > Apologies for any inconveniences caused. > best regards > alice >

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