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Re: [kictanet] Safaricom may face sanctions over network outage-of market shares and competition
by Ali Hussein 25 Apr '17

25 Apr '17

@Ngigi I will concede the point on ITU... :-) As for being a Safaricom Hardliner...All I can say is that my contributions on this list speaks for itself. I'm an equal opportunity offender. :-) Mine is to declare my deep commitment to free markets and to eschew the 'Market Failure' conversation that leads to a declaration of dominance and 'dishing' out of market share to undeserving entities who will do nothing with it but proceed to lose it as quickly as they were given it. So let's say for arguments sake we declare Safaricom dominant. What are the remedies? What tools does the regulator have to ensure we don't punish well run companies for being winners while rewarding failure. Let's have this conversation on 'correcting' 'dominance' as opposed to simply bashing. I'm on record severally disagreeing with something Safaricom has done. The other issue is of Regulators who are ill equipped to deal with a fast paced tech landscape. Read my blog on this issue:- https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/pitfalls-runaway-innovation-regulators-who-s… Bottom line is this:- This is a mixed conversation - Market Dynamics and a 22nd century Regulatory Toolbox will do the trick. This is a surgeon's scalpel not an executioner's axe conversation. Ali Hussein +254 0713 601113 Twitter: @AliHKassim Skype: abu-jomo LinkedIn: http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim "We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, therefore, is not an act but a habit." ~ Aristotle Get Outlook for iOS _____________________________ From: Ngigi Waithaka <ngigi(a)at.co.ke> Sent: Tuesday, April 25, 2017 8:13 PM Subject: Re: [kictanet] Safaricom may face sanctions over network outage-of market shares and competition To: KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions <kictanet(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke> Cc: Admin CampusCiti <info(a)campusciti.com> @Ali, Mr, you can shoot the messenger, just not the message! ITU is not *irrelevant*. They have their study/studies on these issues, before you dismiss them in total, how about you look indepth at what they have to say, then counter that, point by point. Otherwise I will label thee a *Safaricom hardliner* and ask you to declare any interests (Do they owe you any Bonga Points?) ; past, current, future :-) Rgds On Tue, Apr 25, 2017 at 8:00 PM, Admin CampusCiti via kictanet <kictanet(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote: @Walu I'm hard pressed to take anything from ITU seriously.. :-) I'm sorry but those guys still think we live in the Telegram era... The dynamics of the Telco market are simply too fluid to label dominant any player st this point. Ali Hussein Hussein & Associates +254 0713 601113 / 0770906375 Twitter: @AliHKassim Skype: abu-jomo LinkedIn: http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim Blog: www.alyhussein.com "Discovery consists in seeing what everyone else has seen and thinking what no one else has thought". ~ Albert Szent-Györgyi Sent from my iPad On 25 Apr 2017, at 7:44 PM, Walubengo J <jwalu(a)yahoo.com> wrote: @Ali, ITU has a simplified way of calculating degree of competition in a specific market segment e.g mobile money market. It has a strange name, the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), but it seeks to determine market concentration beyond - 'how many players exists in a market?'. It attempts to measure 'effective competition' by delving into the market share each of the players controls. In other words, a market of 4 players could actually be LESS competitive than a market of just TWO players -depending on their market shares. As an example, If two players exist in a market and split it equally on a 50:50 basis, that market is more competitive than one with 4 players where the share ratio is say 70:15:10:5. Tafakari hayo :-) walu From: Admin CampusCiti via kictanet <kictanet(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke> To: jwalu(a)yahoo.com Cc: Admin CampusCiti <info(a)campusciti.com>; KICTAnet ICT Policy Discussions <kictanet(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke> Sent: Tuesday, April 25, 2017 6:13 PM Subject: Re: [kictanet] Safaricom may face sanctions over network outage @Ngigi We have ourselves to blame. Or competitors for being 'weak' I'm simply not for the idea of 'rectifying' so called 'Market Failure' with the heavy hand of regulation. Dominance/Monopolies are a thing of the past. It maybe simplifying an issue but let's face it. Even with Mpesa being so dominant 90+% of our transactions in this country are still cash based. So where's the Dominance? :-) Ali Hussein Hussein & Associates +254 0713 601113 / 0770906375 Twitter: @AliHKassim Skype: abu-jomo LinkedIn: http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim Blog: www.alyhussein.com "Discovery consists in seeing what everyone else has seen and thinking what no one else has thought". ~ Albert Szent-Györgyi Sent from my iPad On 25 Apr 2017, at 5:39 PM, Ngigi Waithaka <ngigi(a)at.co.ke> wrote: @Ali, My concern is between now and when the so called 'market' takes care of this issue. As we have seen yesterday, We are one hack away from the entire country being taken down almost completely by the failure of a single firm. Twendeleeni vivyo hivyo! On 25 Apr 2017 5:24 p.m., "Admin CampusCiti" <info(a)campusciti.com> wrote: @Ngigi I'm with Tom on this one. I actually don't see how the Dominance conversation has crept into this discussion :-) We have a choice. For Mpesa 1. Airtel Money. 2. PesaLink 3. MULA - I actually now use Mula for all my bill payments. It's just super useful. Even the Safaricom App that's been launched doesn't hold a candle to Mula. 4. Orange money. For Connectivity 1. Orange 2. Liquid 3. Airtel (by the way there are other parts of this country like Kilifi for example that Airtel has a far better network.. 4. Surf by Facebook 😜 5. Zuku 6. JTL As Kenyans we simply cannot go back to having this Dominance conversation since we are in a free market and there is choice. Vote with your wallet, like I have. Safaricom will continue to improve or it will become irrelevant. Think Microsoft, Think Compac, Think Kodak , Think Nokia. C'mon guys..The market will take care of this issue. And guess what? YOU ARE THE MARKET (Chukua control wewe mwenyewe!!) Don't punish Safaricom for weakness in competitors and your own 'laziness' :-) to choose a different service provider if you are unhappy with current services. Ali Hussein Hussein & Associates +254 0713 601113 / 0770906375 Twitter: @AliHKassim Skype: abu-jomo LinkedIn: http://ke.linkedin. com/in/alihkassim Blog: www.alyhussein.com "Discovery consists in seeing what everyone else has seen and thinking what no one else has thought". ~ Albert Szent-Györgyi Sent from my iPad On 25 Apr 2017, at 10:43 AM, Ngigi Waithaka via kictanet <kictanet(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke > wrote: Ali, Do you now see the wisdom of declaring Safaricom dominant and at least getting 2-3 other players with a sizeable market share to spread the risk? When Safcom goes down and it will inevitably will at times, the following happens: 1. 80% of the country citizens are without communication 2. 80% of the country's citizens are without access to money & banking services. 3. 100% of the police security & communication system is offline. We put all our country's eggs in that one basket... and the basket is bound to drop once in awhile.... On 25 Apr 2017 9:35 a.m., "Admin CampusCiti via kictanet" <kictanet(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke > wrote: Listers This issue continues to have serious ramifications. Yesterday Bob, the CEO, made a very impassioned statement on the downtime. I liked the fact that he said there's no excuse for such a thing to happen and that they are working on restoring full services. However, I think Bob's statement simply didn't go far enough. We are seeing a different Safaricom - one that seems attuned to the customer and more open that's why I'm disappointed that Mpesa is still down today morning and we have had nothing from Safaricom. A simple use of SMS to update us on an hourly basis is not too much to ask. It's clear that Safaricom is now so embedded in our lives that total openness is not only a must it's a Business Continuity Conversation. Ali Hussein Hussein & Associates +254 0713 601113 / 0770906375 Twitter: @AliHKassim Skype: abu-jomo LinkedIn: http://ke.linkedin.c om/in/alihkassim Blog: www.alyhussein.com "Discovery consists in seeing what everyone else has seen and thinking what no one else has thought". ~ Albert Szent-Györgyi Sent from my iPad On 24 Apr 2017, at 11:18 PM, Sidney Ochieng via kictanet <kictanet(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke > wrote: Safaricom may face sanctions over network outage http://www.businessdailyafrica .com/news/Safaricom-may-face-s anctions-over-network-outage/5 39546-3902518-15d86gnz/index.h tml That one network has this much power over economy is frightening and must be addressed. Today has proven that it's not enough that Safaricom says they won't misuse their dominance, it's enough that if they fail the country slows to a crawl. Sent on the move, kindly excuse any typos. Sidney ______________________________ _________________ kictanet mailing list kictanet(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/m ailman/listinfo/kictanet Twitter: http://twitter.com/kictanet Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/KICTA Net/ Unsubscribe or change your options at https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/m ailman/options/kictanet/info%4 0campusciti.com The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development. KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications. ______________________________ _________________ kictanet mailing list kictanet(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/m ailman/listinfo/kictanet Twitter: http://twitter.com/kictanet Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/KICTA Net/ Unsubscribe or change your options at https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/m ailman/options/kictanet/ngigi% 40at.co.ke The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development. KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications. ______________________________ _________________ kictanet mailing list kictanet(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/ mailman/listinfo/kictanet Twitter: http://twitter.com/kictanet Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ KICTANet/ Unsubscribe or change your options at https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/ mailman/options/kictanet/info% 40campusciti.com The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development. KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications. _______________________________________________ kictanet mailing list kictanet(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet Twitter: http://twitter.com/kictanet Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/ Unsubscribe or change your options at https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/jwalu%40yahoo.com The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development. KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications. _______________________________________________ kictanet mailing list kictanet(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet Twitter: http://twitter.com/kictanet Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/ Unsubscribe or change your options at https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/options/kictanet/ngigi%40at.co.ke The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development. KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications. -- Regards, Waithaka Ngigi Chief Executive Officer | Alliance Technologies | MCK Nairobi Synod Building T +254 20 525 0750 |Office Mobile: +254 716 201061 | M +254 737 811 000 www.at.co.ke

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On Critical Infrastructure & Safaricom Outage
by Matunda Nyanchama 25 Apr '17

25 Apr '17

Friends, It is important that critical infrastructure be assessed holistically. For example, in the communications sector, we would examine the resilience of the entire sector collectively and singly. Indeed, the law/regulations should compel "coopetition" where players compete for business and yet cooperate for collective survival. A good example is where (say) both main and failover links for Safaricom fail; yet at the same time, Airtel/Telkom/etc. have available links in operation. Safaricom traffic should failover to this capacity at pre-negotiated rates and vice versa. In addition, sectors should regularly review threats they face and share solutions and approaches to tackle those threats. It means a degree of information-sharing that allows for the sector to survive, but which doesn't compromise business for anyone of them. Take the example of technology. Most of these competitors have common vendors and have implemented the same or similar technologies. This is in addition to have similar processes, types of skills and quality standards of operation. Indeed, they even employ from the same pool with employees hopping from one company to the other. . clearly then, all of them share the same or similar structural strengths and weaknesses. As such, if one of them discovers such weaknesses it is good for the sector to share such findings with all other players. . in the end this should strengthen the sector and serve the national interest as well. ..we should do the same across all sectors deemed critical to the nation's survival: energy, transportation, banking, water, health care, etc. Baadaye. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ Matunda Nyanchama, PhD, CISSP; Director & Managing Consultant, <mailto:mnyanchama@aganoconsulting.com> mnyanchama(a)aganoconsulting.com Agano Consulting Inc.; <http://www.aganoconsulting.com/> www.aganoconsulting.com; Twitter: <http://twitter.com/#%21/nmatunda> nmatunda; Skype: okiambe ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------- Manage your ICT risks! We are the experts you need! The trusted partners you deserve! Call: +254-20-267-0743 (Kenya) or info(a)aganoconsulting.com Licensed by Communications Authority of Kenya (CA)

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Call for volunteers for the 2017 Kenya IGF steering team
by Mwendwa Kivuva 25 Apr '17

25 Apr '17

Listers, The Kenya Internet Governance Forum (KIGF) is an annual meeting that brings together various stakeholder groups to dialogue on ICT and Internet policy. While the discussions give soft policy outcomes, KIGF is a knowledge sharing platform that informs and inspires policy actors in both the public and private sectors. The national forum also feeds into the regional and global IGFs through a chain of reporting and representation to the regional and global IGFs to ensure a bottom up Internet policy development processes and a strong link between global internet policies and the national one. KICTANet wishes to invite volunteers from all stakeholder groups to assist in preparation of the 2017 KIGF edition, which is slated for 6th July 2017. The volunteers will form a local Multistakeholder Advisory Group that will be expected to: 1. Reach out to the community to source community participation and KIGF subject focus areas. 2. Lead online discussions prior to the KIGF. 3. Coordinate logistics and resources for the meeting. 4. Coordinate the actual event. 5. Report on outcomes of the event. To express interest, please send an email to info(a)kictanet.or.ke indicating your stakeholder group, expertise and state your particular interest in steering KIGF 2017 by 23rd April 2017. Membership to the steering team is voluntary and all materials produced by KICTANet are published under creative commons licenses. Organisations from various stakeholder groups are encouraged to nominate representatives. For more information or clarification, kindly email Barrack Otieno on otienobarrack(a)gmail.com. About KICTANet The Kenya ICT Action Network is an open multi-stakeholder platform for people and institutions interests and involved in ICT policy and regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reforms in the ICT sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development. Learn more at www.kictanet.or.ke The report for the very successful 2016 Kenya IGF is available at https://www.kictanet.or.ke/?p=26623 and http://www.intgovforum.org/multilingual/content/african-regional-group Sincerely, ______________________ Mwendwa Kivuva, Nairobi, Kenya

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Safaricom may face sanctions over network outage
by Matunda Nyanchama 25 Apr '17

25 Apr '17

Friends This matter underlines a key aspect that should trigger comprehensive assessment of the way critical infrastructure is managed in this country. As the Treasury indicated a while back, Safaricom's role and especially its MPESA service is a critical cog in the Kenyan economy. A while back there was a task force dealing with regulations to govern critical infrastructure to ensure that this is protected accordingly. This would require designs that assure resilience in the face of potential vulnerabilities (both logical and physical) with continuity at the core of these. I suppose that Safaricom continually assesses (through audits and self-assessment) its vulnerabilities, examines associated exposures and potential impacts with clear action plans on how to address those weaknesses. . I am sure the regulator seeks the same from an assurance perspective as part of the entity's licensing requirements. Without thinking of the worst: cyber-related risks abound too! Regards. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ Matunda Nyanchama, PhD, CISSP; Director & Managing Consultant, <mailto:mnyanchama@aganoconsulting.com> mnyanchama(a)aganoconsulting.com Agano Consulting Inc.; <http://www.aganoconsulting.com/> www.aganoconsulting.com; Twitter: <http://twitter.com/#%21/nmatunda> nmatunda; Skype: okiambe ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------- Manage your ICT risks! We are the experts you need! The trusted partners you deserve! Call: +254-20-267-0743 (Kenya) or info(a)aganoconsulting.com Licensed by Communications Authority of Kenya (CA)

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Safaricom may face sanctions over network outage - Business Daily
by Nanjira Sambuli 25 Apr '17

25 Apr '17

"“I want to say that those are the risks of probably having too much dominance in the market by a few players or so, because you don’t spread the risk,” said Mr Wangusi." http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/news/Safaricom-may-face-sanctions-over-n… Regards, Nanjira. Sent on the move.

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ICANN 59 (Joburg) Tech talk panel on DNSSEC Deployment Challenges
by Mark Elkins 24 Apr '17

24 Apr '17

ICANN-59 will be held in Johannesburg at the Sandton convention centre from 26-29 June, 2017. One of the technical days is shared between DNSSEC (morning) and ccTLD Technical Talks (afternoon). We (the DNSSEC Workshop Program Committee) are looking for a few people that would like to participate in a panel discussion on “DNSSEC Deployment Challenges” on the African Continent. Officially- The program committee is seeking input from those that are interested in implementation of DNSSEC but have general or particular concerns with DNSSEC. In particular, we are seeking input from individuals that would be willing to participate in a panel that would discuss questions of the nature: — What are your most significant concerns with DNSSEC, e.g., implementation, operation or something else? — What do you expect DNSSEC to do for you and what doesn't it do? — What do you see as the most important trade-offs with respect to doing or not doing DNSSEC? We are interested in presentations related to any aspect of DNSSEC such as zone signing, DNS response validation, applications use of DNSSEC, registry/registrar DNSSEC activities, etc. So, I'm looking for a handful of volunteers (anyone from Africa). Talks would be no longer than ten minutes long. You get a free lunch :-) -- Mark James ELKINS - Posix Systems - (South) Africa mje(a)posix.co.za Tel: +27.128070590 Cell: +27.826010496 For fast, reliable, low cost Internet in ZA: https://ftth.posix.co.za

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Safaricom network breakdown
by Victor Kapiyo 24 Apr '17

24 Apr '17

Morning, I don't know about everyone else, but this is not encouraging. Would be happy to hear from Safaricom and CA about the cause of the problem and safeguards put in place to ensure such incidences are avoided in the future. *Millions of Safaricom customers were unable to make calls Monday morning after the mobile service provider experienced a technical hitch. The technical problem affected subscribers countrywide with the company saying it is working to resolve the issue. “Sorry we are having a slight technical fault with the network services countywide but the issue is being resolved,” the company posted on its Twitter account. Data from Communications Authority of Kenya shows that Safaricom has the highest number of mobile subscribers with 26.6 million customers.* http://www.nation.co.ke/news/Safaricom-network-breakdown-affects-millions/1… *Victor Kapiyo* Partner | *Lawmark Partners LLP* *Web: www.lawmark.co.ke <http://www.lawmark.co.ke> * ==================================================== *“Your attitude, not your aptitude, will determine your altitude” Zig Ziglar*

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Is the blockchain overhyped?
by Ali Hussein 22 Apr '17

22 Apr '17

Listers A lot is being said about the potential of the BlockChain to 'disrupt' everything we do. From Financial Services, to the Land Registry and beyond. Is this reputation being overhyped? https://www.mobilepaymentstoday.com/articles/is-the-blockchain-overhyped/?u… Ali Hussein Principal Hussein & Associates +254 0713 601113 Twitter: @AliHKassim Skype: abu-jomo LinkedIn: http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim "We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, therefore, is not an act but a habit." ~ Aristotle Sent from my iPad

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Re: [kictanet] Why Net Neutrality Matters for SEO and Web Marketing - Whiteboard Friday - Moz
by florence mwangangi 21 Apr '17

21 Apr '17

The current position in Kenya - as with other jurisdictions - is support for net neutrality premised on the law. That is the position being exemplified by Rand Fishkin, and I share it too. However, if there's a shift in the big net market in the US, it would affect us too as will be the case with other nations. Question is whether we can "make noise enough" to have net neutrality retained at the international level, noting the huge influence the rich and mighty ISPs wield. On 21 Apr 2017 10:43, "Admin CampusCiti via kictanet" < kictanet(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke> wrote: > Listers > > Back to my favorite subject. :-) > > Net neutrality is a hot-button issue lately, and whether it's upheld or > not could have real ramifications for the online marketing industry. In > this Whiteboard Friday, Rand covers the potential consequences and fallout > of losing net neutrality > > Read on:- > > https://moz.com/blog/net-neutrality-seo-whiteboard-friday > > > *Ali Hussein* > *Hussein & Associates* > +254 0713 601113 / 0770906375 > > Twitter: @AliHKassim > > Skype: abu-jomo > > LinkedIn: http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim > <http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim> > > Blog: www.alyhussein.com > > "Discovery consists in seeing what everyone else has seen and thinking > what no one else has thought". ~ Albert Szent-Györgyi > > Sent from my iPad > > _______________________________________________ > kictanet mailing list > kictanet(a)lists.kictanet.or.ke > https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/mailman/listinfo/kictanet > Twitter: http://twitter.com/kictanet > Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/KICTANet/ > > Unsubscribe or change your options at https://lists.kictanet.or.ke/m > ailman/options/kictanet/fmwangangi1%40gmail.com > > The Kenya ICT Action Network (KICTANet) is a multi-stakeholder platform > for people and institutions interested and involved in ICT policy and > regulation. The network aims to act as a catalyst for reform in the ICT > sector in support of the national aim of ICT enabled growth and development. > > KICTANetiquette : Adhere to the same standards of acceptable behaviors > online that you follow in real life: respect people's times and bandwidth, > share knowledge, don't flame or abuse or personalize, respect privacy, do > not spam, do not market your wares or qualifications. >

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Why Net Neutrality Matters for SEO and Web Marketing - Whiteboard Friday - Moz
by Admin CampusCiti 21 Apr '17

21 Apr '17

Listers Back to my favorite subject. :-) Net neutrality is a hot-button issue lately, and whether it's upheld or not could have real ramifications for the online marketing industry. In this Whiteboard Friday, Rand covers the potential consequences and fallout of losing net neutrality Read on:- https://moz.com/blog/net-neutrality-seo-whiteboard-friday Ali Hussein Hussein & Associates +254 0713 601113 / 0770906375 Twitter: @AliHKassim Skype: abu-jomo LinkedIn: http://ke.linkedin.com/in/alihkassim Blog: www.alyhussein.com "Discovery consists in seeing what everyone else has seen and thinking what no one else has thought". ~ Albert Szent-Györgyi Sent from my iPad

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